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Biomedical subjects

W D Edwards

Publications and source records attributed to W D Edwards.

At least 307 records · Page 17Linked to original sources
PubMed1981

Cardiac papillary fibroelastomas. Two-dimensional echocardiographic recognition.

Papillary fibroelastomas are benign tumors of the heart and are most often incidental findings at cardiac surgery or autopsy. Rarely, symptoms or even sudden death can occur. We report two cases of cardiac papillary tumors diagnosed by two-dimensional echocardiography and successfully excised. One patient was asymptomatic and had a 1-by 1-cm papilloma of the mitral valve. The other patient had intermittent chest pains and diaphoresis associated with a 1.5- by 1-cm aortic valve papilloma.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

Congenital ostial membrane of left main coronary artery.

Abnormalities of coronary artery development, origin, and distribution are being diagnosed and treated successfully with increasing frequency. This report describes the case histories of two patients with stenosis of the left main coronary artery caused by a congenital ostial membrane; both patients were successfully treated by operation. A similar abnormality has been reported only once in the literature, having been discovered at autopsy.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1980

Lidocaine-induced reduction in size of experimental myocardial infarction.

In anesthetized open chest dogs, the effects of therapeutic doses of lidocaine on myocardial cell respiration, creatine kinase depletion, left ventricular stroke work and cardiac necrosis were assessed. The dogs were subjected to 40 minutes of occlusion of the left anterior descending coronary artery, followed by 5 hours of reperfusion. Group I (12 dogs) had infusion of saline solution; group II (8 dogs) had infusion of 0.2 mg/kg per min of lidocaine (serum level 16.8 +/- 1.4 microgram/ml); group III (5 dogs) had infusion of 0.04 mg/kg per min or lidocaine (serum level 3.6 micrograms/ml). Ischemic regional myocardial blood flow (measured by 9 micrometer spheres of strontium-85) was 6.34 +/- 1.62 ml/100 mg per min in group I, 1.48 +/- 0.59 in group II (p < 0.05) and 1.32 +/- 0.50 in group III (p < 0.05). Oxygen consumed during conversion of adenosine diphosphate to adenosine triphosphate in mitochondria from control and lidocaine-treated ischemic tissue was depressed (p < 0.05) and correlated (r = 0.63) with creatine kinase depletion. Left ventricular stroke work was not significantly different among the three groups. Infarct size (in percent of left ventricular weight) was 12.6 +/- 2.0 for group I, 4.8 +/- 1.2 for group II (p < 0.01) and 4.8 +/- 2.5 for group III (p < 0.05). The data suggest that the reduction of myocardial infarct size by lidocaine was not dependent on enhanced myocardial blood flow and was independent of left ventricular stroke work.

Animals↗
PubMed1980

Atrial standstill, myocarditis and destruction of cardiac conduction system: clinicopathologic correlation in a dog.

A case of permanent atrial standstill is described in a 10-month-old dog with ascites as a presenting complaint. The patient had absence of P waves in all leads in numerous ECG's and had a regular idioventricular rhythm. Pathologically, the patient had multiple areas of atrial and ventricular myocardial necrosis and fibrosis, with chronic active myocarditis and obliteration of the SA and AV node and AV bundle.

Animals↗
PubMed1980

Morphologic and metabolic characteristics of ventral, lateral, dorsal and anterior prostate transplants in rats. Effect of testosterone and/or prolactin.

Anterior, dorsal, lateral, and ventral prostate lobe transplants derived from 12-week-old donor F344 rats were maintained in the cleared 5th mammary fat pads of 3-week-old testosterone propionate (TP)-implanted female and TP-implanted and unimplanted male syngeneic hosts for 12 posttransplantation weeks. Prostate transplants failed to survive in untreated female hosts. Implantation of TP pellets in male hosts resulted in an increase in the number of surviving transplants as well as in the ability of these transplants to biotransform testosterone-3H (T-3H) to its major radiometabolites (dihydrotestosterone-3H and androstanediol-3H) in vitro. TP implants + prolactin (50 IU/kg daily i.p. injections for the 5 days prior to sacrifice) caused a marked increased in prostate weight and in epithelial secretory activity. Whereas the anterior, dorsal, and ventral lobe transplant showed acini with normal columnar epithelium and secretory activity, the epithelial cells in the lateral lobe transplants were often very irregular. In general, those prostate transplants which showed an ability to metabolize testosterone were also those exhibiting normal secretory epithelium.

Animals↗
PubMed1980

Effect of prolactin and testosterone administration on the maintenance of ventral prostate transplants into intact or gonadectomized male and female syngeneic rats.

The effect of testosterone propionate (TP) pellets (15 mg) and/or prolactin (50 IU/kg body weight daily X 5 i.p.) on the morphology of ventral prostates transplanted to the cleared 5th mammary fat pads of intact or castrated male hosts or into intact or ovariectomized female syngeneic hosts was investigated. The epithelial cell height and secretory activity was maintained in TP only or in TP + prolactin-supplemented intact or castrated male hosts as well as in intact or ovariectomized female hosts. Without TP implants, there was a necrosis of the prostate transplants in ovariectomized or intact female and in castrated male hosts and an atrophy of the in situ prostates in castrated male hosts. Prolactin injections alone failed to support prostatic integrity maintenance. In general, the transplants from TP + prolactin-supplemented hosts showed more active secretory epithelia than transplants from TP only.

Animals↗
PubMed1980

Postoperative false aneurysm of left ventricle and obstruction of left circumflex coronary artery complicating enlargement of restrictive ventricular septal defect in double-outlet right ventricle.

A case is reported of double-outlet right ventricle (DORV) with restrictive subaortic ventricular septal defect (VSD) in which enlargement of the defect at the time of surgical repair was associated with the late postoperative development of a false aneurysm of the left ventricle. The enlarging fale aneurysm caused extrinsic compression of the dominant left circumflex coronary artery, with subsequent ischemia and infarction of the posterolateral left ventricle. The anatomy and surgical implications of restrictive VSD are discussed.

Child, Preschool↗
PubMed1978

Hypertensive pulmonary vascular disease in alpha-transposition of the great arteries.

In subjects with classic complete transposition (d-transposition) of the great arteries, the pulmonary arterial plexiform lesion, characteristic of chronic high levels of pulmonary arterial pressure, was observed in those with an intact ventricular septum as well as in those with a ventricular septal defect. The lesion was not observed before age 12 months. Among 16 patients aged 12 to 30 months, the plexiform lesion was observed in 6 of 12 patients (50 percent) with an intact ventricular septum and a closed ductus arteriosus and in 1 of 4 patinets with an associated ventricular septal defect. The basis of the plexiform lesion, which is considered a sign of chronic severe pulmonary hypertension, occurring in subjects with an intact ventricular septum and a closed ductus arteriosus is not explained. The phenomenon observed in this study confirms the earlier observations of others.

Arteritis↗
PubMed1978

Active valvulitis associated with chronic rheumatic valvular disease and active myocarditis.

From ten patients aged 15 to 40 years with chronic rheumatic valvular disease and histologically proved Aschoff bodies of active rheumatic myocarditis, the valves were evaluated for incidence, distribution and degree of severity of active inflammation. Prior to death, there had been clinical evidence of active rheumatic fever. In each case, active rheumatic valvulitis was present in at least one valve. Of the individual valves studied, 83% were involved by active inflammation of the leaflets or the anulus or both. The aortic valves was involved in 100% of cases, the mitral valve in 86%, the tricuspid valve in 78% and the pulmonary valve in 70%. The mitral and aortic valves were most frequently involved, but the mitral and tricuspid valves were most severely involved when affected. In every case, active rheumatic lesions of the left atrial appendage were present, but these tended to be less widely distributed than the myocardial Aschoff bodies. The high incidence of active valvulitis supports the concept that chronic fibrosing rheumatic valvular disease results from recurrent active inflammation. Such inflammation may occur without clinical suspicion of active rheumatic fever.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

Dissecting aortic aneurysm associated with congenital bicuspid aortic valve.

Among 119 cases of fatal dissecting aneurysm of the aorta, exclusive of those iatrogenically caused or associated with arachnodactyly or aortic stenosis, there were observed 11 cases of congenital bicuspid aortic valve (9%). The ages ranged from 17 to 69 years, five of the patients being 29 years old or younger. Among the latter, three had coarctation of the aorta and one had Turner's syndrome without coarctation. In one of the older patients, aortic insufficiency was present. Hypertension was either established or inferred from cardiac weight in 73% of the cases. In each case, cystic medial necrosis of the aorta was present. Prolapse of valves other than the aortic was observed in 45% of the cases with bicuspid aortic valve. Compared to an estimated incidence of bicuspid aortic valve of about 1 to 2% in the population, the high incidence among subjects with dissecting aneurysm suggests a causative relationship between bicuspid aortic valve and aortic dissecting aneurysm.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1978

Pathology of the sinus node in d-transposition following the Mustard operation.

In a pathological study of 32 necropsy specimens from patients with d-transposition who had undergone the Mustard operation, lesions were commonly present in the sinus nodal artery, the sinus node, and the paranodal tissues. These had resulted from surgical injury during placement of the atrial baffle and/or closure of the atriotomy incision. Our findings confirm the pathological findings of others. The pathological observations correlate well with reported electrophysiological studies that show frequent occurrence of postoperative supraventricular arrhythmias due to sinus nodal dysfunction. Twenty-six of the patients died in the early postoperative period, and the sinus nodal artery had been compressed by sutures in 46 percent of these cases. The sinus node either showed acute necrosis or compression by sutures in 77 percent of cases, and the paranodal areas were involved by acute hemorrhage and/or necrosis in 100 percent of cases. Six patients died in the late postoperative period. The sinus nodal artery was replaced by fibrous tissue in three and was compressed or thrombosed in two additional instances. The sinus node was extensively fibrosed in each of the six cases. In every instance, the paranodal areas were involved by fibrosis and disruption by sutures.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1977

Asymmetric septal hypertrophy in childhood. Unreliability of histologic criteria for differentiation of obstructive and nonobstructive forms.

Two cases of obstructive asymmetric septal hypertrophy with biventricular outflow obstruction in childhood are presented. Both patients were treated first with propranolol and later by ventriculoseptal myotomy-myectomy. The first patient died two and one-half years following surgery, and the second patient died in the immediate postoperative period. In the first patient the 690 gm. heart had an interventricular septum to posterior left ventricular wall ratio of 1.9, and in the second patient the ratio in the 460 gm. heart was 1.8. In both cases the posterobasal left ventricular free wall was rounded and hypertrophied, as has been reported grossly in obstructive asymmetric septal hypertrophy. However, in both cases, the bizarre disoriented cardiocytes typical of asymmetric septal hypertrophy were present in both ventricular free walls as well as in the interventricular septum, as has been reported in the nonobstructive variety. In these two cases, previously reported morphologic criteria for the differentiation of obstructive and nonobstructive disease are not considered reliable.

Adolescent↗