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Biomedical subjects

W Cowan

Publications and source records attributed to W Cowan.

7 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1994

Safety and effect of topical recombinant human interleukin-1beta in the management of pressure sores.

Interleukin-1beta is produced by numerous cell types including monocytes and fibroblasts. It has been shown to stimulate multiple cell types including fibroblasts, keratinocytes, endothelial cells, neutrophils, macrophages, and lymphocytes. Previously, interleukin-1beta was shown to accelerate healing in partial-thickness and full-thickness wounds in animals and was also shown to be safe when applied topically in Phase I human trials. Therefore a prospectively randomized, blind, placebo-controlled trial was performed with patients with chronic pressure ulcers. Doses of interleukin-1beta of .01 microg, .10 microg, and 1.0 microg per square centimeter did not show acceleration of healing of the pressure ulcers. Therefore use of recombinant human interleukin-1beta in this study was safe but, at the dose levels tested, did not result in improvement in the healing ratio.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1985

Lung tissue penetration of temocillin.

Eight patients about to have the whole or part of a lung resected were given a 2g bolus dose of temocillin. A series of serum samples and a piece of peripheral lung tissue were collected and assayed for temocillin concentration. 30 minutes after drug administration, the mean serum and tissue concentrations were 172 mg/L and 45 mg/kg respectively.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Temocillin in the treatment of chest infections.

In our study, 16 patients with acute infection complicating severe respiratory disease were treated with temocillin 2g or 3g daily for 5 to 10 days. In 10 patients, a recognised respiratory pathogen, either Haemophilus influenzae (temocillin-sensitive) or Streptococcus pneumoniae (temocillin-resistant), was isolated from sputum before the start of treatment. 13 patients improved clinically but 5 subsequently relapsed. Two patients failed to respond, and 1 died of respiratory failure. There was no clearcut relationship between the clinical progress and sensitivity of the isolated pathogen to temocillin, and there were no adverse effects associated with the administration of temocillin.

Aged↗
PubMed1983

Structural bases for neural and myogenic control of human detrusor muscle.

The ultrastructure of normal and neurotoxin-treated human detrusor muscle was studied to define the bases for myogenic and neurogenic control and to determine the extent and selectivity of effects of the toxins. No gap junctions were observed in the 30 strips studied but there were other cell-to-cell junctions which may allow cell-to-cell coupling. Nerve varicosities in the muscle bundles were present in high frequency (9 to 15 profiles per 100 muscle cell profiles); they sometimes formed close contacts with muscle and most were bare or partly bare of glial covering. They were often present as single axons or in bundles of only a few nerves. No myelinated nerves or nerve cell bodies were seen in or near muscle bundles. This muscle seemed to be designed primarily for neural control of contractile function with single nerves innervating discrete muscle regions. Most of the nerve varicosities contained a large majority of small agranular vesicles along with some large granular vesicles, but about 20% contained a few small granular vesicles as well. The proportion of the small granular vesicles was not increased but the percentage of varicosities containing them increased slightly after treatment with 5- or 6-hydroxydopamine. Scorpion venom seriously damaged 80% of nerve varicosities, sparing no particular class, but spared axons from structural damage. Beta-bungarotoxin had similar effects. 4-Aminopyridine did not induce gap junction formation but had neurotoxic effects. These data suggest that scorpion venom is a useful tool to eliminate selectively physiological functions dependent on synaptic vesicles, that all nerve types contain scorpion venom binding Na channels and that the persistent atropine- and tetrodotoxin-insensitive responses of this muscle involve mechanisms independent of synaptic vesicles observable by electron microscopy. The common occurrence of multilamellar membranous structures in bladder muscle cells was reported and their origin suggested.

Axons↗
PubMed1979

A simplified retropubic urethropexy in the treatment of primary and recurrent urinary stress incontinence in the female.

Urinary incontinence presents a severe social handicap to the patient and a challenge which has taxed the imagination and ingenuity of surgeons for over a century. Restoration of the urethrovesical junction to its normal retropubic intra-abdominal level will usually result in the cure of pure anatomic female stress incontinence. A retropubic approach is utilized in order to provide for identification and mobilization of the urethra, bladder neck, and vagina. Nonabsorbable sutures are used to attach the perivaginal fascia to the pectineal ligament. The operative technique is described in detail. A series of 77 patients who have been followed for up to 3 1/2 years is presented, showing a stress incontinence cure rate of 96.1%.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Emergency driving.

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Ambulances↗