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Biomedical subjects

W Campbell

Publications and source records attributed to W Campbell.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1993

Antisense sequences of 20-kDa homologous restriction factor (HRF20) are found in C9 and the C8 beta chain of homologous complement.

We examined, on the basis of the fact that sense and antisense peptides have affinity for each other, whether any relationship exists between homologous restriction factor (HRF20), a membrane inhibitor of the terminal stage of homologous complement attack, and the antisense sequence of the terminal complement components C8 and C9. In this article, we demonstrate that there are two regions of C9 that contain antisense sequences to one continuous region of HRF20 and that this relationship exists between human HRF20 and human C9, but not mouse C9. We also found one region of the C8 beta chain that contains an antisense sequence to HRF20.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1993

A study of homologous chromosomes using a morphometric approach.

A previous study of 100 karyotyped metaphase cells has demonstrated the utility of a graphic arts tool in deriving chromosome measurements for relative length determination. In the present study we utilize this same approach to address the question: "What are the average differences in relative lengths between apparently normal homologous chromosomes?" Normal standards derived from this study will be useful for testing specific hypotheses involving heteromorphic differences between homologs. No such data on normal controls could readily be found in either An International System for Human Cytogenetic Nomenclature (1985) or elsewhere.

Chromosomes↗
PubMed1993

A novel, convenient, and inexpensive approach for deriving ISCN (1985) relative lengths: validation by a morphometric study of 100 karyotyped metaphase cells.

The present study stemmed from a need for a rapid means of deriving reproducible chromosome measurements. An internal set of standards can serve as the basis for routine, easy, and reliable morphometric comparisons. In this study, a total of 100 karyotyped metaphases were analyzed using the Nestler Run-Mate, a computerized curvilinear measuring tool. The null hypothesis tested was that there are no significant differences between chromosomal relative-length values obtained via this previously untested approach and those cited in ISCN (1985). The results indicate that this new method is not only feasible and adequate but has advantage over the conventional approach, which requires the use of a projector and screen to measure chromosomes in unkaryotyped metaphase spreads; further, it is less expensive and easier than using computerized digitizing tablets, a conclusion supported by time-and-effort measurements. Immediately obvious applications include routine use in clinical cytogenetics laboratories, as well as for fractional length estimations in fluorescent in situ hybridization studies performed in research laboratories that do not have access to expensive automated instrumentation.

Chromosomes↗
PubMed1993

Human immunodeficiency virus and infectious considerations.

In summary, HIV is a retrovirus with devastating consequences for those infected. Primary modes of transmission are through sexual contact and parenteral exposure to infected blood and body fluids. Prevalence of the virus among trauma patients, risk of exposure, and infection of health care workers are variable and to a large extent not known. Existing HIV infection and AIDS have both direct and indirect effects on care and outcome of trauma patients. Caring for these patients presents many challenges. Manifestations and complications of each condition may mask, mimic, or compound the other. Optimal care and outcome depend on knowledge of both diseases, and the specific nuances of their management. As with all trauma patients, a team approach coordinated by an identified team leader is indicated. Finally, to protect both the patient and the care giver, policies that effectively reduce exposure must be formulated, promulgated, and practiced.

Comorbidity↗
PubMed1992

Crystallization and preliminary crystallographic studies of the FAD domain of corn NADH: nitrate reductase.

Crystals of the flavin domain of corn nitrate reductase expressed in Escherichia coli have been obtained at room temperature, using sodium citrate as precipitant. The crystals diffract to at least 2.5 A resolution at a synchrotron radiation source. Precession photographs show that they belong to the rhombohedral space group R3 with unit cell dimensions a = b = 145.4 A, c = 47.5 A, alpha = beta = 90 degrees and gamma = 120 degrees. There is one subunit per asymmetric unit which gives a packing density of 3.2 A3/Da, indicating a high solvent content in these crystals.

Crystallization↗
PubMed1992

The use of hepatobiliary scintigraphy in patients with acalculous biliary colic.

Twelve patients with biliary colic had no evidence of gallstones but underwent cholecystokinin-augmented hepatobiliary scintigraphy that revealed gallbladder ejection fractions of less than 35%. All 12 patients underwent cholecystectomy. Biliary colic was relieved in all patients at a mean postoperative follow-up of 2.5 years. The biliary colic in these patients was probably caused by abnormal gallbladder emptying, itself apparently produced by either cystic duct obstruction or abnormal motility. Biliary abnormality was seen at operation in most patients, and all patients had abnormalities of the gallbladder or cystic duct seen grossly or histologically. These abnormalities included cystic duct stenosis or adhesions, chronic inflammation, and cholesterolosis.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Antisense sequences of antigenic peptides are found in MHC class II molecules.

The sequence of the well known antigenic peptide OVA 323-339 as well as other peptides containing reiterative motifs of the core region essential for binding to Class II MHC molecules was compared for homology with the DNA derived antisense peptide sequences corresponding to the alpha chain of the mouse IAd molecule. Homology was obtained within the sequence found in the transmembrane region of the molecule. Increased binding of the peptides containing the reiterative motifs based on the OVA 323-339 sequence may be due to the increased number of contact sites on IAd molecules which were identified as being complementary in a sense-antisense manner.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1990

An arginine carboxypeptidase generated during coagulation is diminished or absent in patients with rheumatoid arthritis.

A novel arginine carboxypeptidase that is generated during blood coagulation is diminished in sera obtained from patients with rheumatoid arthritis. The enzyme, which is unrelated to carboxypeptidase N, is more effective than lysine in removing terminal arginine from small synthetic substrates and may function in vivo in the removal of terminal arginine from inflammatory peptides such as C3a and C5a. Either diminished levels of this enzyme or an inability to generate it may be an important consideration in the mechanisms involved in the local inflammation that is observed in patients with rheumatoid arthritis.

Arthritis, Rheumatoid↗
PubMed1989

An arginine specific carboxypeptidase generated in blood during coagulation or inflammation which is unrelated to carboxypeptidase N or its subunits.

An unstable carboxypeptidase N or B like enzyme is generated as a result of coagulation. This enzyme is derived from some plasma component (s) and not from blood cells or platelets. Furthermore, the activity generated is specific for arginine substrates insofar as small synthetic substrates are concerned. The enzyme is unrelated to CPN or any of its subunits or subunit fragments. This transient carboxypeptidase may be involved in the processing and/or scheduling of different functions of bioactive peptides generated during inflammation.

Arginine↗
PubMed1989

120 hours simultaneous infusion of cisplatin and fluorouracil in metastatic breast cancer.

Thirty-six patients with metastatic breast cancer, 23 with documented progression of the disease after first-line chemotherapy (CAF or CMF) and 13 without prior chemotherapy, were treated with a simultaneous 120-h infusion of cisplatin (CDDP) and 5-fluorouracil (5-FU). Objective response was demonstrated in 19 patients (52.7%), stable disease in 7 patients (19.4%) and progression of the disease in 10 patients (27.7%). Similar response rate was observed according to tumor site (soft tissues, 50%; bone, 52%; lung, 63%; liver, 55%; and pleura and peritoneum, 42%) and previous treatment (previous chemotherapy, 48%; previously untreated, 61%). Median duration of response was 8 months. Toxicity was characterized by stomatitis and myelodepression and required dose adjustments in 30% of patients. CDDP and 5-FU infusion deserve further investigation because it appeared to have substantial activity in this preliminary study in metastatic breast cancer.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

A randomized clinical trial of haloperidol decanoate and fluphenazine decanoate in the outpatient treatment of schizophrenia.

We carried out an 8-month double-blind clinical trial comparing haloperidol decanoate with fluphenazine decanoate in the maintenance treatment of 72 schizophrenic outpatients. A parallel-groups design was used with stratification by sex and injection interval (2, 3, or 4 weeks). The initial injection interval was based on pretrial maintenance treatment with fluphenazine esters. The dosage equivalency of haloperidol decanoate (1.5 cc or 75 mg) to fluphenazine decanoate (1 cc or 25 mg) used was 3:1. This remained approximately the same throughout a 2-month titration period with a flexible dose regimen, and a further 6-month period with a fixed dose regimen. No statistically significant differences in therapeutic effect were found between the drugs. Both drugs had a similar profile for drug-induced parkinsonism, but there was a trend for differences in masking tardive dyskinesia. Haloperidol and prolactin plasma concentrations were well correlated with dosage, with the exception of haloperidol concentrations in patients receiving injections at 2-week intervals.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1988

The selective dopamine antagonist properties of BRL 34778: a novel substituted benzamide.

BRL 34778, exo-4-amino-5-chloro-2-methoxy-N-[9-(4-fluorophenylmethyl)-9-azabi cyclo(3.3.1) non-3-yl]-benzamide, is a very potent and specific dopamine D2-receptor antagonist. It exhibits a Ki value of 2.14 nM for dopamine D2-receptors but much lower affinity for D1-(Ki 5700 nM) and for many other receptor types. Its action is potent and of long duration in models for antipsychotic activity (4 h ED50s PO are 0.017 mg/kg for antagonism of apomorphine-induced climbing in mice and 0.028 mg/kg for antagonism of amphetamine-induced locomotion in rats). In contrast to its high potency in models for antipsychotic activity, BRL 34778 is much weaker in models for extrapyramidal effects and sedation (4 h ED50s PO are 2.4 mg/kg for inducing catalepsy in rats and 1.14 mg/kg for inhibition of rearing behaviour in rats). These data indicate potent activity of BRL 34778 in models for antipsychotic activity but low activity in models for extrapyramidal effects and sedation.

Adenylyl Cyclase Inhibitors↗
PubMed1988

Diclofenac sodium for post-tonsillectomy pain in children.

Diclofenac sodium was assessed as an analgesic for postoperative pain following paediatric tonsillectomy in a randomised double blind trial. In a comparison made with both a pethidine and a control group diclofenac was shown to be an effective analgesic. No significant difference in analgesic efficacy was demonstrated between the two drugs, although patients who received diclofenac tended to be less drowsy postoperatively than those who received pethidine. There were no significant differences between the two drugs in respect of time to awaken from anaesthesia or incidence of postoperative vomiting.

Anesthesia Recovery Period↗
PubMed1987

Risk versus motivation: the emergency room treatment of attempted suicide.

This paper deals with patients who attempt suicide, focusing on their evaluation in the emergency room. It is suggested that as the actual risk of completed suicide in suicide attempters is low, the evaluating psychiatrist might preferentially focus on assessing the patient's motivation for self-destructive behaviour. Recent studies are reviewed which demonstrate a linkage between self-destructive acts and the status of relationships with significant others. An illustrative case history is presented.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

BRL 20596, a novel anilide with central dopamine antagonist activity.

BRL 20596 (N-(4-amino-5-chloro-2-methoxyphenyl)-1-phenylmethyl-4-piperidine-carbox amide) is a novel anilide related to clebopride (a gastric prokinetic benzamide) in which the sole change is reversal of the amide bond. Previous studies have shown conformational and electronic differences between these molecules which result in the anilide losing its gastric prokinetic activity, whilst retaining its central nervous system activity. Pharmacological and biochemical properties of BRL 20596 are compared here in animals with chlorpromazine, clebopride, haloperidol and sulpiride. BRL 20596 potently inhibited a number of behaviours, such as conditioned avoidance, amphetamine-induced stereotypy and turning, and apomorphine-induced climbing. Homovanillic acid (HVA) levels in the striatum and nucleus accumbens were raised at similar dose levels to those which inhibited these behaviours, whilst sedative activity was only exhibited at much higher dose levels. Haemodynamic changes were only observed with high IV doses of BRL 20596. Much lower doses of sulpiride were needed to raise prolactin levels than to raise HVA levels. This was not the case with BRL 20596 and the other drugs, where the doses needed for the two effects were similar. The results suggest that BRL 20596 is a central dopamine antagonist, with low sedative and haemodynamic activity.

Animals↗