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Biomedical subjects

W C Roberts

Publications and source records attributed to W C Roberts.

At least 307 records · Page 17Linked to original sources
PubMed1986

Mitral valve stenosis and pure tricuspid valve regurgitation: comparison of necropsy patients having simultaneous mitral and tricuspid valve replacements with necropsy patients having simultaneous mitral valve replacement and tricuspid valve anuloplasty.

Clinical and morphologic observations are described in 30 patients (23 [77%] of whom were in functional class III or IV) who underwent replacement of the mitral valve for mitral stenosis and either simultaneous replacement (13 patients, group I) or anuloplasty (17 patients, group II) of the tricuspid valve for pure tricuspid valve regurgitation. Comparison of the 13 patients in group I with the 17 patients in group II disclosed similar mean ages (55 vs 58 years), similar average preoperative right ventricular systolic pressures (64 vs 61 mm Hg), similar average right atrial mean pressures (10 vs 9 mm Hg), similar average left ventricular systolic pressures (126 vs 120 mm Hg), similar average pulmonary artery wedge-left ventricular mean diastolic pressures (16 vs 18 mm Hg), similar cardiac indexes (2.1 vs 2.0 liters/min/m2), similar mean heart weights (507 vs 535 g), and similar percents with grossly visible foci of left ventricular necrosis (15% vs 12%) and fibrosis (23% vs 12%). Of the 13 patients in group I, 10 (77%) died early (less than or equal to 60 days of tricuspid valve replacement) and 3 (23%) died late (29, 37 and 120 months); of the 17 patients in group II, 14 (82%) died early and 3 (18%) died late (4, 9 and 98 months). The causes of early death in the 2 groups were different: of the 10 patients in group I who died early, the cause was excessive bleeding in 5, low cardiac output of undetermined etiology in 3, dysfunction of both prostheses in 1 and cerebral insult in 1; of the 14 patients in group II who died early, none died from excessive bleeding, 4 from decreased cardiac output of uncertain cause, 5 from left ventricular inflow obstruction (produced by a Starr-Edwards ball-valve prosthesis in 4 and from a Starr-Edwards disc prosthesis in 1), 1 from left ventricular outflow obstruction (by a porcine bioprosthesis), 2 from technical mishaps (incision into left ventricular free wall with rupture in 1 and ligation of the left circumflex coronary artery with resulting acute myocardial infarction in 1) and 2 died suddenly for reasons not determined. Of the 6 patients dying greater than 60 days after operation, 4 died from chronic congestive cardiac failure, 1 from a cerebral embolus and 1 from prosthetic valve endocarditis.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Clinical and morphologic observations after simultaneous replacement of the tricuspid, mitral and aortic valves.

Clinical and morphologic observations are described in 12 patients who underwent simultaneous replacement of the tricuspid, mitral and aortic valves. All 12 patients had mitral stenosis, 10 aortic valve stenosis and 2 pure aortic valve regurgitation; 5 had tricuspid valve stenosis and 7 pure tricuspid valve regurgitation. Of the 10 patients who died within 60 days of triple valve replacement, 7 had the low cardiac output syndrome, which in 4, and possibly 5, of the 7 was attributed to prosthetic aortic valve stenosis. In none of the 12 patients was the ascending aorta dilated, and in the 4 (possibly 5) patients with low cardiac output, the space between the surface of the caged poppet (4 patients) or margins of the tilting disc (1 patient) in the aortic valve position and the aortic endothelium appeared inadequate to allow unobstructed flow despite small-sized prostheses in all but 1 patient. Thus, aortic valve replacement in the setting of triple valve dysfunction is hazardous or potentially so. The relative small sizes of the hearts in these patients also make valve replacement more difficult (and hazardous) compared to hearts with larger ventricles and aortas.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

QRS voltage measurements in autopsied men free of cardiopulmonary disease: a basis for evaluating total QRS voltage as an index of left ventricular hypertrophy.

Use of total 12-lead QRS electrocardiographic voltage as a criterion for left ventricular (LV) hypertrophy has been of recent interest. Although upper and lower limits of QRS voltage for individual electrocardiographic leads have been reported in clinically healthy men and women, the upper limit of total 12-lead QRS voltage has not been established in adults free of cardiopulmonary disease by clinical and necropsy criteria. Therefore, the total QRS voltage from all 12 electrocardiographic leads was determined in 30 autopsied men known to be free of cardiopulmonary disease by clinical assessment and by a special cardiac examination using postmortem coronary angiography and chamber partition determination of LV weight. Gross heart weight, LV weight and total QRS voltage are reported. Comparisons were made between disease-free patients and previously reported patients with aortic valve stenosis, aortic regurgitation and cardiac amyloidosis with respect to total QRS voltage and gross heart weight. Total QRS voltage and gross heart weight were significantly greater in patients with severe aortic stenosis (mean 245 mm) and severe aortic regurgitation (mean 274 mm) than in our patients (mean 127 mm). Total QRS voltage was significantly less, whereas gross heart weight was significantly greater in patients with cardiac amyloidosis (mean 101 mm) than in our normal subjects (mean 127 mm). These data provide a basis for evaluating the total 12-lead QRS voltage as a criterion for LV hypertrophy.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Relation of size of transmural acute myocardial infarct to mode of death, interval between infarction and death and frequency of coronary arterial thrombus.

Seventy-eight necropsy patients with transmural acute myocardial infarction (AMI) were studied to correlate the mode of death, the interval between onset of AMI and death and the presence or absence of coronary thrombus with the extent of the infarct. Infarct size was assessed quantitatively as a percentage of total left ventricular (LV) mass. Death was caused by cardiogenic shock in 16 patients (21%), arrhythmia in 31 patients (40%) and cardiac rupture in 24 patients (31%). The mean interval between the onset of AMI and death was 12 +/- 13 days. Infarct size averaged 23 +/- 14% of LV mass. Patients who died in cardiogenic shock had the largest infarcts (37 +/- 11%) and those who died of cardiac rupture had the smallest infarcts (15 +/- 9%) and the shortest interval between onset of AMI and death (7 +/- 8 days). Coronary thrombi were present in 58 patients (74%). When present, thrombus was observed in the coronary artery that had supplied the infarct area and was superimposed on advanced atherosclerotic plaque, but no relation was found between extent of luminal obstruction by thrombus and AMI size. The absence of coronary thrombus at necropsy was associated with either small infarcts or prolonged survival after AMI.

Aged↗
PubMed1986

Amounts of coronary arterial narrowing by atherosclerotic plaques in clinically isolated mitral valve stenosis: analysis of 76 necropsy patients older than 30 years.

Although several studies have described the status of the coronary arteries by angiography in patients with mitral stenosis (MS), few necropsy studies of the coronary arteries in these patients are available. The present report describes in detail the amounts of narrowing by atherosclerotic plaque of the 4 major epicardial coronary arteries in 76 necropsy patients, aged 31 to 79 years (mean 53) with clinically isolated MS (with or without associated mitral regurgitation but without aortic valve dysfunction). Of the 76 patients, greater than or equal to 1 major coronary artery was narrowed greater than 75% in cross-sectional area (XSA) in 38 (50%) and in 10 of the 38 patients greater than or equal to 1 major coronary artery was totally occluded or nearly so (greater than 95% XSA narrowing). A higher percent of the 29 men had significant (greater than 75% XSA) coronary narrowing than did the 47 women (62 vs 44%) and the men had more major coronary arteries significantly narrowed compared with the women (31 of 116 arteries [27%] vs 33 of 188 arteries [18%]). The 4 major coronary arteries in the 76 patients were divided into 5-mm segments and examined histologically: of the 3,124 segments (41 per patient), 620 segments (20%) were narrowed 0 to 25% in XSA, 1,826 (58%) were narrowed 26 to 50%, 470 (15%) were narrowed 51 to 75%, 188 (6%) were narrowed 76 to 95%, and 20 segments (1%) were narrowed 96 to 100% in XSA. The percent of segments narrowed greater than 75% in XSA was 9% in the men and 5% in the women.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adult↗