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Biomedical subjects

W C Reeves

Publications and source records attributed to W C Reeves.

At least 217 records · Page 12Linked to original sources
PubMed1978

Cellular immune response in genital herpes simplex virus infection.

We studied the relations between the cellular immune response, pre-existing complement-fixing antibody and virus type with duration of virus excretion in genital herpes simplex virus (HSV) infection. Thirty-six patients (seven with HSV-1 and 29 with HSV-2) with genital herpes underwent serologic testing, sequential viral cultures and weekly determination of lymphocyte-transformation stimulation index with inactivated HSV antic n. The duration of virus excretion was shortest in those with pre-existing complement-fixing antibody, was unrelated to virus type, and was inversely correlated with the magnitude of the mean peak stimulation index (r = -0.69, P less than 0.001). Prolonged virus excretion occurred in patients with a delayed and diminished peak index. Recurrent episodes had a higher peak index (29.4 compared to 14.5) (P less than 0.02), an earlier development of the peak during recurrences (9.1 vs. 25.8 days) (P less than 0.01) and a briefer duration of viral shedding than initial episodes. Thus, the temporal course and magnitude of the stimulation index correlate with and may determine the duration of genital HSV infection.

Antibodies, Viral↗
PubMed1978

Initiation and characterization of a diploid cell line from larval tissues of Aedes dorsalis (Meigen).

Mosquito cell cultures were initiated from the minced tissues of newly hatched Aedes dorsalis (Meigen) larvae. Continuous cell division occurred only after an adaptive period of approximately 6 months. Optimal growth of the cells required a relatively low pH of 6.5. Karyological studies showed that the cells have remained diploid (2n = 6) for 60 serial passages and that the cultures are free of contaminating cells. The cultures also were shown to be free of bacteria (including Mycoplasma), fungi and virions. Subpopulations (strains) of the original parental cultures have been selected and characterized on the basis of morphology, karyology, growth rate and monolayer formation.

Aedes↗
PubMed1978

Recurrent genital herpes among women: symptomatic v. asymptomatic viral shedding.

To investigate whether asymptomatic shedding of herpes simplex virus occurs in women with recurrent genital herpes, six women with documented disease were followed up twice weekly with viral cultures and pelvic examination. During the study period of 1330 patient days and 452 patient visits, 26 episodes of genital herpesvirus infection were recorded. Twenty-three (88%) episodes were accompanied by signs and symptoms. Three (14%) of the culture-positive recurrences were asymptomatic. In one episode an asymptomatic lesion was noted, and in two instances viral shedding from the vulva or cervix occurred in the absence of visible herpetic lesions. Three of the six women had evidence of recurrent cervical herpesvirus infection. No relationships between menstrual cycle and sexual activity and the onset of recurrence were noted.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

The relationship between aortic valve closure and aortic root motion.

The minimum interval between aortic valve closure and the onset of posterior motion of the posterior aortic wall (C--PW) was obtained from M-mode echographic studies in normal subjects and patients with mitral regurgitation (MR), rheumatic mitral stenosis (MS), mixed rheumatic MS and MR, pure aortic stenosis (AS), and pure aortic insufficiency. Three-fourths of the patients with MR and 2/3 of those with AS had short C--PW intervals. Short C--PW intervals are probably the result of early mitral valve opening with rapid LA emptying, whereas slow emptying due to dilated, relatively inert left atria may account for normal C--PW intervals in patients with MR. C--PW intervals are affected by both ventricular ejection and LA dynamics and may prove useful in evaluating suspected mitral or aortic valve disease.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1978

Echocardiographic evaluation of intracardiac pacing catheters: M-mode and two-dimensional studies.

Thirty patients with right ventricular (RV) and 15 with coronary sinus (CS) pacing catheters were studied by M-mode echocardiography. RV catheters, detected in 23, appeared as linear echoes in the right ventricle during mitral valve recordings in 12, adjacent or superimposed on the tricuspid valve (TV) in 14, and immediately anterior to aortic root and pulmonary valve echoes in two with a redundant loop in RV outflow. In three with complete heart block, prominent systolic anterior movements of the TV occurred when atrial systole coincided with ventricular systole, probably due to catheter-induced TV "buckling" or exaggerated TV annular motion. Catheter echoes mimicked TV recordings in three, since its motion pattern was similar, although delayed and mimicked prolapsing right atrial myxomas in two because of multilayered complexes behind TV, while reverberations cluttering the left ventricle simulated structural echoes present in that cavity. CS catheters, detected in 14 as linear echoes in the area of atrial septum recorded behind the TV, showed typical small humps in late diastole/early systole. Cross-sectional echocardiography with a mechanical sector scanner demonstrated RV catheters at the RV apex in five of seven patients, while CS catheters were detected near the base of the atrial septum in three of five patients. Echocardiography has the potential to localize pacing catheters which are occasionally difficult radiologically or electrocardiographically. Failure to recognize catheter echo patterns may result in errors in echocardiographic interpretation.

Cardiac Pacing, Artificial↗
PubMed1978

Selection of a strain of Culex tarsalis highly resistant to infection following ingestion of western equine encephalomyelitis virus.

After prolonged selection, two hybrid strains of Culex tarsalis were evolved that were highly resistant to infection following ingestion of western equine encephalomyelitis virus. These strains were greater than 25,000-fold more resistant than the most susceptible parental strain when fed on viremic chicks. Resistance was associated with a mesenteronal barrier since both refractory and parental strains were equally susceptible to infection by intrathoracic inoculation. Susceptibility was dominant, possibly incompletely dominant, over resistance. Inheritance was probably polyfactorial but this could not be determined with certainty since a small proportion of individuals appeared to become infected by nongenetic mechanisms.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

Prophylactic adenine arabinoside following marrow transplantation.

Interstitial pneumonia is a major cause of morbidity and mortality following allogeneic marrow transplantation for hematologic malignancy. In this prospective randomized study, 22 of 40 patients received prophylactic adenine arabinoside (Ara-A) at a dose of 5 mg/kg/day administered intravenously on an intermittent schedule. Thirteen episodes of interstitial pneumonia occurred among treated patients, including three cases associated with cytomegalovirus (CMV) in the lung. Ten episodes of interstitial pneumonia were seen in the untreated group, with CMV cultured from five. Surveillance viral cultures were positive from 18 different sites in 12 treated patients compared to 10 sites from 7 patients in the untreated group. No significant toxicity from Ara-A was encountered, and no difference in overall survival between the two groups was detected. Ara-A did not reduce the frequency of interstitial pneumonia or viral isolation from routine cultures.

Bone Marrow Transplantation↗
PubMed1978

Study of homologous and heterologous antibody response in California horses vaccinated with attenuated Venezuelan equine encephalomyelitis vaccine (strain TC-83).

Of 359 horses vaccinated with attenuated Venezuelan equine encephalomyelitis (VEE) vaccine (strain TC-83), 87% developed hemagglutination-inhibition (HI) antibodies to VEE virus within 1 month. Blood from a subsample of 101 of the 359 horses was obtained over a 1-year period. Within 1 month after vaccination, 84% of the 101 horses had developed VEE HI antibodies, 87% had developed VEE-neutralizing (Nt) antibodies, and 78% had developed VEE complement-fixing (CF) antibodies. One year after vaccination, 58% of the horses had VEE HI antibodies and 73% had VEE Nt antibodies. The percentage of horses with VEE CF antibody titers dropped to a low level (46%) within 6 months after vaccination, and most horses were seronegative for VEE CF antibodies 1 year after vaccination. The presence of antibodies to heterologous (western equine or eastern equine encephalomyelitis, or both) alphaviruses suppressed VEE antibody formation in horses vaccinated with TC-83 vaccine. However, the proportion of horses that developed VEE antibodies exceeded levels that generally were believed adequate to suppress a VEE epizootic in a population. There was an 88% correlation between the HI and Nt tests for VEE antibodies.

Animals↗
PubMed1977

Echocardiographic features of combined membranous subaortic stenosis and acquired calcific aortic valvulopathy.

The M-mode echocardiographic features of aortic valve structure and motion in a 45-year-old male with combined congenital subaortic diaphragm and acquired deformity of the aortic valve are described. Clinical, hemodynamic, and angiographic studies suggested calcific aortic valve disease with stenosis and insufficiency, but the additional presence of a subaortic diaphragm was not appreciated. Cardiac ultrasonography demonstrated multiple, central diastolic aortic valve cusp echoes consistent with a thickened, calcified, tricuspid aortic valve. Despite calcification of the cusps, however, enough systolic cusp excursion remained to demonstrate an early systolic, rapid movement toward closure of the right coronary cusp-a finding suggestive of fixed subvalvular obstruction. Surgery confirmed a discrete subaortic diaphragm and a tricuspid, thichened, mildly calcified aortic valve with fusion of the cusp commissures at their origins and rolling back of the cusp edges. The value of echocardiography in the evaluation of the left ventricular outflow tract and aortic valve is emphasized.

Aortic Valve↗
PubMed1977

Antibody studies in ponies vaccinated with Venezuelan equine encephalomyelitis (strain TC-83) and other alphavirus vaccines.

Serologic studies in 24 ponies indicated that prevaccination antibodies to Venezuelan equine encephalomyelitis (VEE) virus (strain TC-83) had no influence on hemagglutination-inhibition (HI) antibody stimulation by western equine encephalomyelitis (WEE) or eastern equine encephalomyelits (EEE)-WEE vaccines. However, studies of the effects of VEE neutralizing antibodies on neutralizing antibody stimulation by the heterologous alphavirus vaccines were inconclusive. The VEE, WEE, and EEE antibody responses were studied in 18 VEE-vaccinated (strain TC-83) animals (13 ponies and 5 horses) at 9 to 14 months after challenge of immunity with virulent VEE virus. The VEE HI, and neutralizing antibodies in combination were associated with greater suppression of VEE antibody stimulation than were VEE neutralizing antibodies alone. The VEE geometric mean antibody titers (GMT) increased 26- and 64-fold for HI antibodies and for neutralizing antibodies, respectively, in 5 animals that had prechallenge exposure titers of VEE neutralizing antibodies only. In contrast, the GMT increased only threefold and eightfold for VEE HI antibodies and for neutralizing antibodies, respectively, in 8 animals that had prechallenge exposure titers of both VEE HI and neutralizing antibodies. Five animals which were seronegative for prechallenge VEE antibodies and had survived challenge exposure gave primary VEE-immune response. Protection in these animals may have resulted from high-titer cross-reacting antibodies to WEE or EEE viruses, or both. Changes in the GMT for WEE HI, neutralizing, and complement-fixation antibodies after challenge exposure were statistically insignificant. However, a statistically significant increase in the EEE HI-GMT occurred in ponies that had low (or no) prechallenge exposure titers of VEE antibodies.

Animals↗
PubMed1976

The seroepidemiology of reovirus, coxsackievirus infections among Panamanian Indian children.

Rates of hepatitis B virus infection varied significantly among Panamanian Indian tribes. Chocó and Mainland Cuna Indians had a greater prevalence of antibody to hepatitis B surface antigen than Guaymi and Island Cuna Indians. The village water supply appeared to be the major environmental difference that distinguished the tribes from one another. Since contaminated water plays a role in the transmission of enterovirus, an attempt was made to assess relative exposure to contaminated water by determination of the prevalence of antibodies to reovirus and coxsackievirus B in children 10 years old or younger. Infection with coxsackievirus B occurred more frequently in Chocó and Mainland Cuna Indians than in Guaymi or Island Cuna Indians. Although essentially all children tested were exposed to reoviruses, Mainland Cuna Indians had the highest geometric mean titers of antibody, followed by Chocó, Guaymi, and Island Cuna Indians in descending order. This parallel in rates of hepatitis B and enterovirus infection supports the hypothesis that fecal-oral transmission of hepatitis B virus is important in certain populations.

Antibodies, Viral↗
PubMed1976

Variations in the susceptiblility of field and laboratory populations of Culex tarsalis to experimental infection with western equine encephalomyelitis virus.

Four field populations and four laboratory colonies of Culex tarsalis from California were evaluated for their susceptibility to infection with western equine encephalomyelitis (WEE) virus by intrathoracic inoculation and by feeding on pledgets soaked with a virus-blood-sucrose mixture. All mosquito strains were uniformly susceptible to infection by intrathoracic inoculation, but 50% infective doses for field and colonized strains varied as much as 1000- to 1500-fold, respectively, by pledget feeding. Moreover, dose-response curves obtained by pledget feeding revealed that some field and laboratory strains of C. tarsalis were quite heterogeneous for susceptibility since some individual females could be infected after ingestion of small concentrations of virus and others could not 0e infected by increasing the concentration of virus by 1000- to 10,000-fold. Variability in viral susceptibility of different mosquito strains could not be correlated with differences in autogeny rates or organophosphorus insecticede resistance.

Animals↗