Potential errors when using a computerized pantograph.
This study determined the effect on articulator settings of using an arbitrary hinge axis as compared with the terminal hinge axis in orienting a computerized pantograph on a patient. The effect of an error in measuring the reference plane angle or clutch angle was also determined. Two subjects were pantographed 30 times by using the terminal hinge axis and 30 times by using the arbitrary hinge axis. Statistically the articulator settings obtained by using the arbitrary hinge axis and the terminal hinge axis were different, but the difference was small. One subject was pantographed on 18 occasions by using different reference plane angle and clutch angle settings. Analysis showed that 1-degree change in the reference plane angle setting produced approximately 0.9-degree change in the protrusive and orbiting path articulator settings. A 1-degree change in the clutch angle setting produced approximately 0.9-degree change in the progressive side shift settings. It was concluded that the terminal hinge axis should be used as the posterior reference point and the reference plane angle and clutch angle should be carefully recorded.