Biomedical subjects

W C McMaster

Publications and source records attributed to W C McMaster.

42 records · Page 3Linked to original sources

PubMedDate not supplied

A survey of interfering shoulder pain in United States competitive swimmers.

The prevalence of shoulder pain in United States competitive swimmers has not been extensively surveyed but is perceived as common. To evaluate this concern, a questionnaire survey was conducted on 1262 United States swimmers: 993 age group, 198 senior development, and 71 national team athletes. We sought to identify the incidence of interfering shoulder pain in this population and how it is influenced by various training tasks. The prevalence of current shoulder pain in these groups varied between 10% (age group) to 26% (national team) and increased with time in the sport. In those athletes with a painful shoulder, weight training, use of hand paddles, kickboard use, stretching, and various resistance activities aggravated the painful shoulder. This survey has identified that interfering shoulder pain is present in a substantial number of competitive swimmers.

Adolescent↗

PubMedDate not supplied

A correlation between shoulder laxity and interfering pain in competitive swimmers.

Shoulder pain in the swimming athlete that interferes with effective training is serious and may result in decreased performance. Based on the hypothesis that shoulder laxity is an important factor in shoulder pain, this study of 40 senior national and elite swimmers was undertaken. A questionnaire identified those athletes currently suffering from such pain. Shoulder laxity was assessed using standard clinical tests, from which a laxity score was derived. A statistically significant correlation was identified between the shoulder laxity score and the presence of interfering shoulder pain, confirming the hypothesis of the study. These results have direct implications for training the symptomatic athlete.

Adolescent↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Effects of simulated scapular protraction on anterior glenohumeral stability.

We evaluated the effect of simulated scapular protraction on anterior glenohumeral translation and in situ inferior glenohumeral ligament strain. Five fresh-frozen cadaveric glenohumeral joints were tested in the position of apprehension while simulating scapular protraction using a custom translation testing device and a differential variable reluctance transducer. The results showed a statistically significant decrease in anterior glenohumeral translation as the scapula was increasingly rotated to simulate 20 degrees of scapular protraction. With 15 N of thorax-based, anteriorly directed load, the mean anterior translation was 6.3 +/- 1.6 mm (mean +/- SEM). With 10 degrees of simulated scapular protraction, translation decreased to 4.1 +/- 1.0 mm; with 20 degrees of simulated scapular protraction, it decreased further to 2.5 +/- 0.5 mm. For each of the other anteriorly directed loads, translations also decreased when 20 degrees of scapular protraction was simulated. Concurrently for each of the anteriorly directed loads, there was increased in situ strain of the anterior band of the inferior glenohumeral ligament with increased simulated scapular protraction. These results suggest that repetitive or chronic protraction of the scapula may result in excessive strain and, ultimately, insufficiency in the anterior band of the inferior glenohumeral ligament.

Biomechanical Phenomena↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Irvine ankle arthroplasty. Prosthetic design and surgical technique.

A total ankle arthroplasty (IAA) design is presented for highly selected cases. The design stems from investigations on the anatomical and biomechanical characteristics of the human ankle joint. The prostheses are inserted through an anterior approach. Full weight-bearing is well tolerated within a few days. The immediate results on 20 ankles are most encouraging.

Ankle Joint↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Closed insertion technique for the prebent Sampson femoral rod.

This is a descriptive summarization of the technique employed in doing closed intermedullary nailings of fractured femurs using a cannulated prebent nail system. With slight modifications the same approach and techniques can be used for a noncannulated solid nail system. The fine points of this technique which will help in preventing difficulties during the procedure are accurate preoperative positioning of the patient before draping; adequate preoperative traction to assure that slight over pull of the fracture fragments has been achieved; the use of the piriformis recess as the prime site for entry into the medullary canal. With proper attention to detail the technique can be employed successfully with a minimum of hazard.

Fracture Fixation, Intramedullary↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Cryotherapy influence on posttraumatic limb edema.

The potential of local cooling to reduce posttraumatic swelling has been assessed on rabbits. A standard crush injury to a forelimb was used as a control model. In a treatment regimen of one hour of cooling following the injury, 30 degrees C proved to perform best, this group having less residual swelling at 24 hours than the 20 degrees C group. Repeated applications of cooling in 3 cycles of one hour of cooling followed by one hour exposure to ambient room air showed residual swelling at 24 hours in both 20 degrees C and 30 degrees C groups. Although no clear-cut clinical directives can be made from the data, it does appear that too much cold or too long application may be deleterious. For these reasons, discretion in the utilization of cold therapy is warranted. Within limits of physiologic conditions, there is empirical evidence for the use of icing treatment of local musculoskeletal trauma.

Animals↗