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Biomedical subjects

W C McMaster

Publications and source records attributed to W C McMaster.

14 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1976

Tendon grafting with glutaraldehyde fixed material.

An evaluation of 0.2% buffered glutaraldehyde fixed tendon as a potential tendon replacement prosthesis was evaluated in rabbit and chicken models. In vivo implantations were done to determine compatability, function, and strength of grafts. Autogenous fresh grafts were used as controls in the strength evaluations. The fixed tendon elicits no cellular rejection response, is invaded and replaced by host tissues, and anastomosis strength in tension compares favorably to a fresh autogenous control. These preliminary evaluations indicate a useful potential for this fixed biomaterial as a tendon prosthesis.

Aldehydes↗
PubMed1975

Cast brace for the upper extremity.

Management of a traumatized elbow or intra-articular fracture with concomitant upper extremity long bone fracture is tedious, especially when early elbow motion is desirable. An adaptation of the lower extremity hinged cast brace to the elbow provides controlled flexion while protecting against varus/valgus stress and translation forces. A cast brace is constructed from readily-available materials, and can be applied in an out-patiet clinic. The functional results obtainable in a variety of upper extremity injuries are excellent, and the patients generally accept the elbow cast brace very well.

Adult↗
PubMed1975

The management of long bone fracture in the spinal cord injured patient.

Principles of management of long bone fractures in patients with spinal cord injuries vary with the type of fracture and duration of quadriplegia. Class I fractures (acute injuries) are managed by existing principles of long bone fracture management with a tendency to open reduction and internal fixation to dispense with the necessity of plaster casts on insensate skin. Class II fractures (pathologic--osteoporotic) heal well, require minimal specific treatment, and open reduction is usually contraindicated. Class III fractures (acute injuries in chronic paraplegia) are treated with methods least likely to disrupt the patient's life style in a wheelchair. Open reduction should be used whenever there are difficulties with circular casts and traction methods.

Arm Injuries↗
PubMed1975

Isolated posterior cruciate ligament injury: literature review and case reports.

A review of the recent literature on posterior cruciate ligament injury reveals few descriptions of isolated injury. The major findings in this injury include abrasions over the anterior tibial surface, presence of a posterior drawer sign, recurvatum of the knee, bloody effusion, and X-ray evidence of avulsion of the posterior tibial margin. The mechanism of injury appears to be a direct blow to the anterior tibial surface with the knee acutely flexed and the posterior capsule lax. The force of the blow drives the tibia posterior, thereby causing a tension injury to the posterior cruciate ligament while actually increasing the laxity in the posterior capsule. All injuries were treated surgically through a posterior approach using internal fixation of the avulsion fracture. Satisfactory wound and fracture healing occurred in all cases and function at 3 months was good with ligamentous stability present.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

A literary review on ice therapy in injuries.

There is good evidence that cold application can be useful in certain situations as a therapeutic modality. In particular, it seems ideally suited to the acute injury where the reduction in local factors such as hemorrhage and edema can hasten recovery. Although cold has established physiologic effects which can be useful, there are specific contraindications to its use which must be recognized. Although the method of application is not critical, new products such as moldable frozen gel packs make on-the-field use simple. The important concept in the use of cold for treating the acute injury seems to be early prolonged application.

Athletic Injuries↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Laboratory evaluation of various cold therapy modalities.

An attempt to evaluate the potential of four modalities to cool soft tissue mass has been done under laboratory conditions using canines. The cooling of deep soft tissues within the thigh after application of various cooling devices was recorded over a 60-min exposure period. Under these circumstances, ice performed best, a frozen gel pack performed in a parallel but slightly less efficient manner. Two other modalities, an inflatable bladder filled with refrigerant gas and an endothermic chemical reaction, were least efficient in cooling.

Acute Disease↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Injuries in soccer.

The injury profile of a professional soccer team from the 1976 to 1977 season is compiled in this report. Injuries are spread across all of the playing positions, with midfielders and forwards being most prone to injury. During the entire season of this report, 60 injuries were encountered, 35 during game situations and 25 in practice. The most common injuries noted were foot and ankle sprains, but muscle strains were also frequent. Most injuries were of a minor variety. Seventeen injuries resulted in missed games while 46 injuries resulted in no games being missed. Only one player had an injury which did not allow him to return to play during the season. Although little is written in the American literature concerning soccer injuries, it does appear that the injury potential is much less when compared with that of football. The rapid increase in interest in this sport will require physicians and trainers to become familiar with its specific needs in order to render adequate care and participate in injury prevention programs.

Ankle Injuries↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Conditioning program for competitive figure skating.

To test the feasibility that traditional interval training methods could be adapted to the needs of competitive figure skaters, an interval skating program was conducted during a 3-month period for a group of skaters at diverse levels of proficiency. The program required only a small portion of the total ice time utilized by the skaters on a daily basis, i.e., 1/2 hr, three times a week. On alternate days, the skaters used the same amount of time in a strength training program. A flexibility-stretching facet was to be done by the skaters on a daily basis. Progress was evaluated by treadmill oxygen consumption determinations and ability to perform a 1/2-mile skate effort. Over the course of the 3-month period, the skaters in the program showed an average increase in oxygen consumption of 9% from 44.73 cc per kg per min to 55.51 cc per kg per min. This was accompanied by an average 10-sec reduction in the timed effort at the 1/2-mile skate. Subjectively, the skaters were less fatigued during their freestyle skating programs and were able to improve consistency at skilled maneuvers in the last minute of their performances. This initial effort to evaluate the efficacy of this type of a training program for competitive figure skating seems to have proven to be beneficial to the skaters. Currently, we are continuing our efforts to expand the program.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Shoulder torque changes in the swimming athlete.

Torque production was assessed in the shoulders of competitive men and women swimmers for the motions of abduction, adduction, and external and internal rotation. Testing was performed on the Cybex II dynamometer and the results were compared to controls. In addition, the ratios of torque development for adduction:abduction and external rotation:internal rotation were evaluated. The results demonstrated a statistically significant increase in torque production in swimmers for most motions tested. Statistically significant ratio shifts were also noted. The ratio of adduction:abduction increased and that for external rotation:internal rotation decreased. We think these shifts in the torque ratios in swimmers' shoulders resulted from sport-specific repetitive activity that emphasizes adduction and internal rotation.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Irvine ankle arthroplasty. Prosthetic design and surgical technique.

A total ankle arthroplasty (IAA) design is presented for highly selected cases. The design stems from investigations on the anatomical and biomechanical characteristics of the human ankle joint. The prostheses are inserted through an anterior approach. Full weight-bearing is well tolerated within a few days. The immediate results on 20 ankles are most encouraging.

Ankle Joint↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Closed insertion technique for the prebent Sampson femoral rod.

This is a descriptive summarization of the technique employed in doing closed intermedullary nailings of fractured femurs using a cannulated prebent nail system. With slight modifications the same approach and techniques can be used for a noncannulated solid nail system. The fine points of this technique which will help in preventing difficulties during the procedure are accurate preoperative positioning of the patient before draping; adequate preoperative traction to assure that slight over pull of the fracture fragments has been achieved; the use of the piriformis recess as the prime site for entry into the medullary canal. With proper attention to detail the technique can be employed successfully with a minimum of hazard.

Fracture Fixation, Intramedullary↗