Bovine T-cell clones infected with Theileria parva produce a factor with IL 2-like activity.
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Animals↗
Biomedical subjects
W C Brown
Publications and source records attributed to W C Brown.
Biological and biochemical characterization of bovine interleukin 2. Studies with cloned bovine T cells.
Bovine peripheral blood lymphocytes stimulated with the T cell mitogen concanavalin A (Con A) secrete a lymphokine with biological properties similar to T cell growth factor (TCGF) or interleukin 2 (IL 2) from other species. The material supports proliferation of Con A-derived T cell blasts, limiting dilution cloning of T cell blasts, and continuous growth of T cell clones for over 6 mo in vitro. A quantitative microassay with the use of TCGF-dependent, Con A-unresponsive cloned T cells was used to determine the biological activity during purification of IL 2. A single peak of activity with an apparent m.w. of 25,000 to 28,000 was recovered after gel filtration. This material eluted from DEAE-Sephacryl between 135 and 165 mM NaCl. After isoelectric focusing, high pressure liquid chromatography, and gel electrophoresis under reducing conditions, peak IL 2 activity was associated with proteins having m.w. of 20,000 and 23,000.
Animals↗
Rehabilitation of the ankle.
The ankle is the most frequently injured major joint, and ankle sprain is the most frequent sports injury. If the injured ankle is managed correctly from the beginning, pain and swelling and the resultant disability will be kept to a minimum. Early return to participation predisposes the athlete to reinjury. Not only must strength and flexibility be restored, but the athlete must also be pain free and have regained his or her proprioceptive abilities.
Ankle Injuries↗
Nasal bone hemangiomas: a review of clinical, radiologic, and operative experience.
A case of hemangioma of the nasal bones is reported. Clinical and radiologic findings, including CT scan, are presented and the literature reviewed. Although rare, the lesion often has a characteristic clinical and radiologic presentation that can be recognized preoperatively. CT scanning is helpful in defining tumor characteristics and extent. Surgery appears curative in most cases without significant disfigurement. For smaller lesions, bone graft of the defect appears unnecessary and the presence of intact periosteum may actually contribute to regeneration of normal bone.
Adult↗
Capacitance of bilayers in the presence of lipophilic ions.
The capacitance of glycerolmonooleate and egg phosphatidylcholine bilayer membranes in the presence of NaCl solutions containing tetraphenylborate, tetraphenylarsonium or dipicrylamine ions has been measured using alternating current techniques over a wide range of frequencies (1-200 kHz). The concentrations of ions corresponded to the lower limits of conductance saturation. Similar determinations were also made with solutions containing no lipophilic ions. The experimental method used in this work requires correction of admittance measurements for the solution resistance in series with the membrane, as well as careful area determinations. In all cases membrane capacitance levels off at sufficiently high frequencies to values which are independent of frequency. The high-frequency capacitance, which is regarded as the 'geometrical capacitance' due to dielectric polarization, is practically unaffected by the presence of lipophilic ions. The results support the assumption made in other studies, such as in charge pulse investigations, that the adsorption of lipophilic ions at concentrations up to the saturation range does not have an important effect on the dielectric properties of bilayers.
Anions↗
Interaction between a Bacillus cereus spore hexosaminidase and specific germinants.
A purified coat-associated hexosaminidase from spores of Bacillus cereus was studied to determine whether it could promote germination of dormant spores. Spores of a coat-deficient mutant as well as chemically extracted spores were used as substrate. Both of these spore preparations responded poorly to most germinants. However, absorbance loss was accelerated when the hexosaminidase was added in the presence of L-alanine. Enzyme alone was not effective. The addition of D-alanine inhibited completely the absorbance loss caused by hexosaminidase and L-alanine. Calcium dipicolinate and L-alpha-aminobutyric acid activated the hexosaminidase to some extent, but these chemicals were much less effective than L-alanine. In addition to the absorbance loss, the spores treated with enzyme and germinants released hexosamine and lost heat resistance and phase whiteness. The results suggest that this particular enzyme might have a role in germination.
Alanine↗
Angiotensin-induced myocardial necrosis and renal failure in the rabbit: distribution of lesions and severity in relation to plasma angiotensin II concentration and arterial pressure.
Angiotensin II was infused into conscious rabbits at various doses from 0.001 to 0.5 microgram . kg-1 . min-1 for 24 h, and caused multifocal myocardial necrosis, renal tubular necrosis and acute renal failure. The myocardial necroses were found principally in the left ventricle; only at the highest doses of angiotensin II were right ventricular lesions present. The endocardium was not involved and no arterial or arteriolar lesions were seen. Mean arterial plasma angiotensin II concentration during angiotensin infusion was closely correlated with the increase in arterial pressure, the height of the plasma urea at the end of the infusion and the severity of the induced myocardial lesions. The myocardial necroses could be a consequence of the induced hypertension, or a direct effect of angiotensin II, or a combination of effects, although their predominance in the left ventricle suggests high systemic arterial pressure is an important factor. Cardiac lesions were observed with plasma angiotensin II concentrations only some 2 to 3 fold normal values; it is therefore possible that similar myocardial abnormalities might occur as a result of rises in endogenous renin, for example, in experimental or clinical renovascular hypertension.
Acute Kidney Injury↗
Genetic transformation with cell wall-associated deoxyribonucleic acid in Bacillus subtilis.
Cell walls from bacillus subtilis 168 were prepared by conventional methods and found to contain deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA). In transformation assays, after autolysis, it was found that two major regions of the chromosome were selectively enriched in the wall preparations. One region clustered around the replication origin and is represented by the markers purA16, ts8132, thiC5, sacA321, and hisA1. The other region included the replication terminus with representative loci metB10, citK5, gltA292, and pyrA1. All other (internal) loci which were examined showed no statistical enrichment. The two areas of enrichment were similar to but more extensive than those reported for membrane-DNA complexes. The wall preparations also contained protein and lipid, indicating a possible membrane involvement. Analyses of the cell walls revealed that the fatty acid composition of the membrane component was not typical of the for B. subtilis protoplast membranes or for lipoteichoic acids. In addition, radioiodination of cell wall autolysates, followed by gel electrophoresis and autoradiography, demonstrated the presence of proteins not readily detectable in bulk protoplast membranes or on the surfaces of intact cells. These data suggest that a unique component of the membrane and regions of the B. subtilis genome involved in DNA replication events are tightly associated with cell walls. The binding of DNA-membrane complexes to the "rigid" cell wall and the replication of the wall could be a mechanism by which the segregation of growing chromosomes occurs.
Bacillus subtilis↗
Arterial levels and mineralocorticoid activity of 18-hydroxy-11-deoxycorticosterone in the rat.
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18-Hydroxydesoxycorticosterone↗
Effect of the angiotensin II antagonist saralasin on plasma aldosterone concentration and on blood pressure before and during sodium depletion in normal subjects.
The effect of the angiotensin II antagonist saralasin on plasma aldosterone, plasma angiotensin II and blood pressure was studied in six normal supine subjects both before and during sodium depletion. Before sodium depletion, infusion of saralasin produced no consistent changes; during sodium depletion, infusion of the angiotensin antagonist caused a fall in plasma aldosterone and an increase in plasma angiotensin II in each subject. It is concluded that angiotensin II plays a major part in stimulating aldosterone secretion during sodium depletion in man.
Adult↗
Occurrence of glutathione in bacteria.
Glutathione and soluble thiol content were examined in a broad spectrum of bacteria. Significant soluble thiol was present in all cases. The thiol compound was glutathione in most of the gram-negative bacteria but not in most of the gram-positive bacteria studied. Glutathione was absent in four anerobes and one microaerophile but was present in a blue-green bacterium. The glutathione content of Escherichia coli increased significantly during transition from exponential to stationary phase.
Bacillaceae↗
Cell wall protein in Bacillus subtilis.
The cell wall of Bacillus subtilis 168 contains protein that is refractory to removal by salts, detergents, and denaturants.
Bacillus subtilis↗
Isolation of membrane associated immunoglobulins from T lymphocytes by non-ionic detergents.
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Animals↗
Comparison of various procedures for removing proteins and nucleic acids from cell walls of Bacillus subtilis.
Several procedures were used in an attempt to prepare clean cell walls from Bacillus subtilis. The results indicate that protein and nucleic acids are tightly bound to the walls. The cleanest wall preparations were found following trichloroacetic acid extraction at 60 degrees or by extraction with 0.1N NaOH under a nitrogen atmosphere for 10 hrs. Protein denaturants, such as sodium dodecyl sulfate and concentrated guanidine hydrochloride were relatively ineffective in removing proteins and nucleic acids from the cell walls. Cell wall-bound DNA was biologically active in transformation assays.
Bacillus subtilis↗
The effects of saralasin, an angiotensin II antagonist, on blood pressure and the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system in normal and hypertensive subjects.
Blood pressure reduction with saralasin infusion was seen only in hypertensive patients with abnormally elevated basal plasma renin and angiotensin II levels, and after sodium depletion the reduction in blood pressure was more marked. In normal subjects, and in hypertensives with plasma renin and angiotensin II levels within the normal range, there was no marked fall in blood pressure across saralasin infusion regardless of the sodium status of the individual. Plasma aldosterone concentration fell during saralasin infusion in those subjects with high baseline renin and angiotensin II levels. This fall occurred in the sodium replete and deplete states. In the normal subjects, and those hypertensives with normal plasma renin levels, there was no fall in aldosterone in the sodium replete state. However, after sodium depletion the expected rise in aldosterone was abolished during saralasin infusion, the plasma aldosterone falling to within the normal sodium replete range, rising again after the saralasin infusion was stopped. This study supports the concept of a direct role for renin and angiotensin II in the maintenance of hypertension in those subjects with elevated basal plasma renin. Plasma aldosterone would appear to be controlled, at least in part, by the prevailing plasma angiotensin II level in those subjects with elevated basal levels of angiotensin II; that is in high renin hypertensives, and in normal subjects and normal renin hypertensives who are sodium deplete.
Adult↗
Analysis of autolysins in temperature-sensitive morphological mutants of Bacillus subtilis.
The content and distribution of autolysin were measured in temperature-sensitive morphological mutants of Bacillus subtilis. Strains RUB1000 and RUB1012 grew as rods at 30 C. At 45 C the mutants contained disproportionately less teichoic acid than peptidoglycan and grew as irregular spheres. The amount of enzyme that could be extracted from rods was at least 31 times the amount extracted from spheres. The rate of autolysis of cell walls was 7- to 28-fold greater in rods than in spheres. The low activity found associated with the cell walls of spheres was not compensated for by larger amounts of autolytic activity in the cytoplasm. No activity was found in the growth medium at either temperature. The failure of the mutant cells to autolyze was due to low amidase activity and relatively resistant cell walls. Revertants of RUB1012 were isolated that had 13, 23, and 55% of the normal proportions of teichoic acid when grown at the nonpermissive temperature. Cell walls from the revertants were as sensitive to added amidase as the wild-type strain. None of the revertant strains regained the wild-type ability to produce more amidase at 45 C. However, the deficiency in autolysin observed with RUB1012 was partially restored in revertants containing higher proportions of teichoic acid.
Amidohydrolases↗
The effects of the angiotensin II antagonist saralasin on blood pressure and plasma aldosterone in man in relation to the prevailing plasma angiotensin II concentration.
The effect of saralasin in lowering blood pressure and plasma aldosterone concentration in normal subjects, both sodium-replete and sodium-deplete, and in patients with various forms of hypertension, is closely related to the basal plasma angiotensin II concentration. These findings confirm and extend earlier studies of angiotensin II/arterial pressure and angiotensin II/aldosterone dose-response curves. They also emphasize the importance of the renin-angiotensin system in the control of aldosterone in sodium depletion and in renal hypertension.
Aldosterone↗