Search PubMed⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

W Byrne

Publications and source records attributed to W Byrne.

14 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2005

Persistence of Mycoplasma bovis infection in the mammary glands of lactating cows inoculated experimentally.

To study the course of clinical mycoplasma mastitis and investigate its potential for persistence, 10(8) colony-forming units (cfu) of an Irish isolate of Mycoplasma bovis was inoculated aseptically into the right fore teat canal of three lactating cows. M bovis rapidly colonised the infected quarters and grew exponentially to more than 10(10) cfu/ml within the first three days, and spread to other quarters of each of the three cows within five to 10 days. After periods of between 24 and 72 hours the infected quarters became distended and sensitive to touch, and their secretions changed from containing visible particles, to a seropurulent exudate, to an aqueous suspension of fine particles which formed a sediment after a sample was collected. M bovis-specific antibody levels increased to varying degrees in all three cows. Subsequently, the concentrations of mycoplasma decreased to less than 10(7) cfu/ml in two of the cows, but remained at more than 10(8) cfu/ml to the end of the lactation of the other cow. Apparently normal milk was secreted by one of the cows within a month of the challenge, and by the other two cows at the start of their next lactation. However, in two of the cows subclinical M bovis infection persisted through the dry periods and into their next lactations.

Animals↗
PubMed1999

Public-private partnerships: working at the local level to increase the quality and number of medical homes for Medicaid children.

We have described a process in which one state's public health leaders provided a large degree of flexibility at the community level to improve pediatric health care access for children in need. This "room-to-wiggle" allowed program providers to tailor their programs to the specific needs of their communities while remaining faithful to the statewide goals. Among the most promising outcomes of the coordinated efforts to forge public-private partnerships is the continuation of the relationships that developed in the process and the further collaborations they have spawned.

Child↗
PubMed1998

Once weekly azithromycin therapy for prevention of Mycobacterium avium complex infection in patients with AIDS: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled multicenter trial.

We conducted a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled multicenter trial of azithromycin (1,200 mg once weekly) for the prevention of Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC) infection in patients with AIDS and a CD4 cell count of < 100/mm3. In an intent-to-treat analysis through the end of therapy plus 30 days, nine (10.6%) of 85 azithromycin recipients and 22 (24.7%) of 89 placebo recipients developed MAC infection (hazard ratio, 0.34; P = .004). There was no difference in the ranges of minimal inhibitory concentrations of either clarithromycin or azithromycin for the five breakthrough (first) MAC isolates from the azithromycin group and the 18 breakthrough MAC isolates from the placebo group. Of the 76 patients who died during the study, four (10.5%) of 38 azithromycin recipients and 12 (31.6%) of 38 placebo recipients had a MAC infection followed by death (P = .025). For deaths due to all causes, there was no difference in time to death or number of deaths between the two groups. Episodes of non-MAC bacterial infection per 100 patient years occurred in 43 azithromycin recipients and 88 placebo recipients (relative risk, 0.49; 95% confidence interval, 0.33-0.73). The most common toxic effect noted during the study was gastrointestinal, reported by 78.9% of azithromycin recipients and 27.5% of placebo recipients. Azithromycin given once weekly is safe and effective in preventing disseminated MAC infection, death due to MAC infection, and respiratory tract infections in patients with AIDS and CD4 cell counts of < 100/mm3.

AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections↗
PubMed1994

Incipient and overt diabetic nephropathy in African Americans with NIDDM.

OBJECTIVE--To determine the prevalence of incipient and overt nephropathy in African-American subjects with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) attending a hospital clinic. Contributory factors, such as blood pressure (BP), duration and age at onset of diabetes, hyperglycemia, hyperlipidemia, and body mass index (BMI) also were evaluated. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS--We recruited 116 African-American subjects with NIDDM for this cross-sectional, descriptive, and analytical study. BP, BMI, 24-h urine albumin excretion, creatinine clearance, serum creatinine, lipids, and GHb levels were measured. Albumin excretion rate (AER) was calculated, and subjects were divided into three groups: no nephropathy (AER < 20 micrograms/min), incipient nephropathy (AER 20-200 micrograms/min), and overt nephropathy (AER > 200 micrograms/min). Frequency of hypertension and nephropathy was analyzed by chi 2 testing, group means were compared using analysis of variance, and linear correlations were performed between AER and other variables. Multiple regression analysis was used to examine the association of these variables while controlling for the effects of other variables. RESULTS--Increased AER was present in 50% of our subjects; 31% had incipient and 19% had overt nephropathy. Hypertension was present in 72.4%; nephropathy, particularly overt nephropathy, was significantly more prevalent in the hypertensive group. Mean BP and diastolic blood pressure (dBP) were higher in the groups with incipient and overt nephropathy, and systolic blood pressure (sBP) was increased in overt nephropathy. Men with either form of nephropathy had higher sBP, dBP, and mean BP, whereas only women with overt nephropathy had increased sBP and mean BP. Subjects with incipient or overt nephropathy had a longer duration of diabetes, and those with overt nephropathy had a younger age at onset of diabetes. By multiple regression analysis, AER correlated with younger age at diabetes onset, but not with diabetes duration. No correlation with age, lipid levels, or GHb was noted. BMI correlated with AER. CONCLUSIONS--Incipient and overt nephropathy were observed frequently in these African-American subjects with NIDDM. Albuminuria correlated with BP, younger age at diabetes onset, and BMI. Association of albuminuria and increased cardiovascular mortality may place 50% of inner-city African-American patients with NIDDM at risk for developing cardiovascular complications.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Hepatic artery aneurysm associated with the mucocutaneous lymph node syndrome.

A case of a 4-year old child with a hepatic artery aneurysm after the mucocutaneous lymph node syndrome is reported. The child had obstructive jaundice and preoperative evaluation did not lead to the correct diagnosis. The aneurysm was resected and the postoperative course was unremarkable. The literature on this entity is reviewed.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1984

Transient hypergastrinemia of 2 years' duration in a young pediatric patient.

A 24-month-old female child experienced watery diarrhea, growth failure, and abdominal pain from age 3 months. Hypergastrinemia, hypochlorhydria, and fundic gastritis were documented. A secretin stimulation test was normal but protein meal stimulation revealed an abnormal serum gastrin response. Antral biopsies revealed G cell hyperplasia. Chronic treatment with antacids and an anticholinergic agent was unsuccessful. Spontaneous recovery occurred at age 29 months. Gastrin stimulation tests, gastric acid secretory tests, antral mucosal biopsies, and multiple basal serum gastrin levels were repeated. All were normal. Follow-up of greater than 3 years has documented a completely normal clinical and laboratory course.

Achlorhydria↗
PubMed1980

Cell-mediated immune defects and infection. A study of malnourished hospitalized children.

Severe protein calorie malnutrition in children in developing countries has been characterized by noticeable depression of cell-mediated immunity and an increased manifestation of infectious illnesses. We studied 23 hospitalized US children whose admitting diagnoses included severe malnutrition to see if similar findings existed. Children were divided into two groups based on the percentage of E rosettes (T cells) prior to nutritional therapy. Those with E rosette values less than 50% were considered to have noticeably abnormal cell-mediated immunity. Eleven of the 23 patients who had rosette values less than 50% had 18 clinical infections, including four episodes of sepsis. One of the 23 children with normal (> 50%) E rosettes had one minor infection. It was concluded that depressed cellular immunity as measured by E rosette is associated with an increased incidence of infectious illness in the malnourished hospitalized pediatric patient in the United States. Other defects in host defenses, ie, defects in complement and phagocytic function, may also have contributed to the increased number of clinical infections noted in these patients.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1980

Successful treatment of chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis with ketoconazole.

Ketoconazole, a new oral antifungal agent, was evaluated in the treatment of four patients with severe chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis refractory to standard antifungal therapy. Three had Candida esophagitis, and too had previously received intravenous amphotericin B. Initial ketoconazole dosage was 100 mg daily for patients weighing less than 30 kg and 200 mg daily for patients over 30 kg. All four patients showed dramatic improvement on the initial dose; three had complete clearing of mucous membrane and skin lesions within three weeks. Of the three patients with Candida esophagitis, one had complete clearing of esophagitis within one month and two were markedly improved. One patient required 400 mg daily to obtain complete clearing of skin and mucous membrane lesions. Two patients were maintained free of overt disease on one dose three times weekly but two patients relapsed and have required daily ketoconazole therapy to keep them free of Candida. The only side effects were mild nausea (two patients) occasional emesis at higher doses (two patients), and transient hypocholesterolemia (one patient). No adverse hematologic, gastrointestinal, or renal effects were noted. Ketoconazole appears to be a valuable oral antifungal agent for some patients with CMC.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Relief of postlaminectomy syndrome in selected patients by injection of autogenous cerebrospinal fluid.

We have been using the differential spinal block to study patients referred to our Pain Clinic for treatment of their chronic pain syndromes. In a selected group of chronic-pain patients from whom cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) could not be obtained at the L4 or L5 interspace, administration of autogenous CSF obtained at a higher interspace gave immediate and complete but temporary pain relief. Endorphins were present in these autogenous CSF samples. These studies, indicating that CSF even from chronic-pain patients contains analgesic substances (possibly endorphins), may point to new treatment modalities for certain chronic back pain syndromes.

Adult↗