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Biomedical subjects

W Buchberger

Publications and source records attributed to W Buchberger.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1996

[Establishment of an emergency CT service by means of teleradiology].

UNLABELLED: The teleradiological connection between the University Hospital in Innsbruck, Tyrol, and the Regional Hospital in Zwettl, Lower Austria, is presented as an example of a routine online connection of two helical CT systems. PURPOSE: To establish a practicable and cost-efficient emergency CT service in a remote hospital during night time and on weekends. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Online connection of a GE HiSpeed Advantage-Spiral-CT and a GE Prospeed-Spiral-CT via two Sun SPARC 10 work stations and ISDN. RESULTS: The transmission of 121 CT data sets from 116 patients revealed a sufficiently fast average transmission time of 15 (6-53) minutes and average transmission costs of DM 9.00 per examination. The system was technically reliable, cost-efficient and practicable in clinical routine application. CONCLUSIONS: Teleradiology enables remote hospitals to provide an emergency CT service even if there is no radiological specialist available outside office hours. Thus time-consuming and cost-intensive patient transfers and delay of therapy can be reduced.

Austria↗
PubMed1996

[PC-assisted network for quality control in film development].

Measuring of the daily performance of the film processing system by sensitometry is an important part of quality assurance in radiologic imaging. Computer-assisted evaluation of the measurements may be useful, especially in large hospitals with numerous image processors to be tested. We present a PC-based quality assurance network which was implemented at the University Hospital in Innsbruck in 1994. Direct data transfer from the evaluation stations to the technical service center of the hospital facilitated problem solving and resulted in a significant decrease of loss of time due to technical failures. An expansion of the network to outside institutions is planned for the future.

Computer Communication Networks↗
PubMed1995

[Magnetic resonance tomography in spinal trauma].

PURPOSE: To assess the value of MR imaging in the acute and chronic stages of spinal trauma. METHODS: 126 MR examinations of 120 patients were evaluated retrospectively. In 15 cases of acute spinal cord injury, correlation of MR findings with the degree of neurological deficit and eventual recovery was undertaken. RESULTS: Cord anomalies in the acute stage were seen in 16 patients. Intramedullary haemorrhage (n = 6) and cord transection (n = 2) were associated with complete injuries and poor prognosis, whereas patients with cord oedema (n = 7) had incomplete injuries and recovered significant neurological function. In the chronic stage, MR findings included persistent cord compression in 8 patients, syringomyelia or post-traumatic cyst in 12, myelomalacia in 6, cord atrophy in 9, and cord transection in 7 patients. CONCLUSION: In acute spinal trauma, MR proved useful in assessing spinal cord compression and instability. In addition, direct visualisation and characterisation of post-traumatic changes within the spinal cord may offer new possibilities in establishing the prognosis for neurological recovery. In the later stages, potentially remediable causes of persistent or progressive symptoms, such as chronic spinal cord compression or syringomyelia can be distinguished from other sequelae of spinal trauma, such as myelomalacia, cord transection or atrophy.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1995

Iodine distribution in a porcine eye model following iontophoresis.

Iodine distribution was studied in isolated porcine eyes after iontophoresis using 131I-labelled solutions and chemical methods. After a 15-min treatment with a therapeutically used iodine brine, the iodine content in the ocular tissues showed the following rank order: cornea > retina > vitreous body > anterior chamber fluid > lens. Replacement of the brine by 0.15 M NaI increased the uptake values in a different way, but the same rank order was maintained. The increase was highest in the cornea (5.6-fold) and only about 2-fold in the lens, nevertheless approaching now the level of 10(-4) M, a concentration which was regarded as being optimal for the antioxidant effect of I-. Among the other eye components, the relatively high iodine enrichment of the retina was remarkable. The data are discussed with respect to a possible protective, antioxidative and OH-scavenging efficacy of I- and to previous results in the literature concerning iodine uptake in ocular tissues.

Animals↗
PubMed1994

Applications of capillary zone electrophoresis in clinical chemistry. Determination of low-molecular-mass ions in body fluids.

Investigations were carried out on parameters influencing separation selectivity in the capillary zone electrophoresis of inorganic cations. Copper sulphate can be recommended as a carrier electrolyte salt for the separation of alkali and alkaline earth metal ions. Its separation selectivity is different from that of the widely used aromatic amines and it is compatible with indirect UV detection at 214 nm. The addition of organic solvents to the electrolyte results in a general increase in the migration times of divalent cations relative to monovalent cations. Ion-pairing reagents such as sodium dodecyl sulphate were found to exhibit specific effect son some ions (especially strontium and barium), but are less useful owing to interferences with the separation of alkali metal ions by sodium introduced with the ion-pairing reagent. Applications to the determination of cations relevant in clinical chemistry are demonstrated for serum samples. Further, the determination of anions in serum was investigated using chromate as electrolyte. Generally, the advantage of capillary zone electrophoresis over ion chromatography can be seen in the fact that proteins need not be removed from the sample and do not interfere with the separation of low-molecular-mass ions.

Body Fluids↗
PubMed1994

[Giant cystosarcoma phylloides: mammographic and sonographic findings in an unusual case].

Cystosarcoma phylloides (also called phylloides tumour) is a rare fibroepithelial mixed tumour which accounts for 0.3 to 1% of all breast neoplasms. Diagnosis can be strongly suspected after clinical, mammographical and especially sonographical findings. Neither mammography nor sonography and even not aspiration cytology can be reliably used to differentiate between benign and malignant tumours. In the following a patient is presented in whom cystosarcoma phylloides attained, even for this kind of tumour, an unusually large dimension.

Breast Neoplasms↗
PubMed1993

Early detection of post-traumatic olivary hypertrophy by MRI.

Two patients are described, in whom MRI detected unilateral signal abnormalities in the region of the inferior olivary nuclei, suggesting an early stage of olivary hypertrophy. MRI was performed 4 and 7 weeks respectively after traumatic brain-stem injury. Palatal myoclonus was concomitantly observed in one patient, while the other showed no evidence of segmental myoclonus at the time of examination. The authors conclude that MRI is highly sensitive in the detection of olivary hypertrophy and of traumatic lesions of the dentato-rubro-olivary pathway.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

MR imaging of late onset orbital rhabdomyosarcoma with intracranial extension.

Today, patients with alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma have a favorable prognosis with a survival rate of more than 80%, due to modern radiotherapy. However, those patients with secondary meningeal involvement are still afflicted with a mortality rate of 90% unless a different therapeutic approach is taken. We report a case of a young adult with invasion of the tumor into the anterior cranial fossa. MRI aided in the assessment of the intracranial tumor spread and allowed for a direct visualization of the meningeal membranes. The signal characteristics of the tumor and the adjacent tissue in unenhanced and postcontrast MRI is discussed. MRI was clearly superior to CT and indicative for the choice of treatment.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

[Diagnosis and staging of blunt kidney trauma. A comparison of urinalysis, i.v. urography, sonography and computed tomography].

In a retrospective study of 1230 patients with blunt abdominal or flank trauma, the results of microscopic urinalysis, urography, sonography, and computed tomography in the diagnosis and staging of renal injuries were compared. Haematuria was present in 98% of renal lacerations and in all pedicle injuries, whereas among 1038 patients without haematuria only one small laceration was found. The degree of haematuria showed no correlation with the severity of renal injury. 92 renal injuries were diagnosed radiologically, including 58 lacerations, 31 contusions, and three pedicle injuries. Computed tomography was performed in 39 lacerations and six contusions, and allowed correct diagnosis and staging in all cases. Urography established the correct diagnosis in 72%, and sonography in 85%. Sensitivity in the diagnosis of clinically relevant injuries (lacerations and pedicle injuries) was 98% (specificity: 99%), when both modalities were combined. Based on the results of our study, we suggest the use of sonography as a screening modality in blunt abdominal or flank trauma, and additional urography in case of haematuria. Computed tomography is the method of choice for exact staging of suspected renal injury.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1993

[The role of sonography and MR tomography in the diagnosis and therapeutic control of the carpal tunnel syndrome].

120 wrists of 105 patients with carpal tunnel syndrome were studied preoperatively by high-resolution sonography. Follow-up examinations after carpal tunnel release were performed in 72 wrists. In addition, 40 wrists were examined preoperatively, and 20 wrists were examined postoperatively by MR imaging. Based on quantitative analysis of the cross-sectional area and shape of the median nerve and of the palmar bowing of the flexor retinaculum, sonography established the diagnosis in 95% of cases. MR was superior in the evaluation of mild degrees of median nerve compression, and in the detection of possible causes of the carpal tunnel syndrome, such as synovitis of the flexor tendon sheaths or ganglionic cysts. In postoperative follow-up, sonographic demonstration of a normally flattened median nerve was an excellent indicator of the successful carpal tunnel release. In 10 patients with persistent or recurrent symptoms after carpal tunnel release, the underlying pathology could be exactly demonstrated by MR.

Carpal Tunnel Syndrome↗
PubMed1993

[Ischemic lesions in the vertebral artery blood flow area as a rare complication of lumbar disk surgery].

We report on the case of a 61-year old man who developed a reversible Brown-Sequard syndrome immediately after an uncomplicated lumbar discectomy. Magnetic resonance imaging showed ischaemic lesions in the upper cervical medulla, the caudal part of the medulla oblongata, and in the cerebellum. Vertebral artery compression due to spondylosis and hyperflexion of the cervical spine during operation is discussed as a possible pathogenetic mechanism.

Brain Ischemia↗
PubMed1993

Post-traumatic segmental myoclonus associated with bilateral olivary hypertrophy.

We present clinical and magnetic resonance (MR) findings in three patients with segmental myoclonia occurring 11-18 months after severe brainstem injury. Palatal myoclonus and vertical ocular myorhythmia were present in all three patients and synchronous involuntary movements of the upper extremities ("wing beating") in two patients. MR-imaging showed multiple post-traumatic lesions within the dentato-rubro-olivary pathway ("myoclonic triangle"), associated with bilateral enlargement and increased signal intensity of the inferior olives. The signal abnormality was more prominent on proton density weighted images than on T2-weighted images, suggesting underlying pathological changes different from typical gliosis.

Adolescent↗