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Biomedical subjects

W Brumfitt

Publications and source records attributed to W Brumfitt.

At least 199 records · Page 11Linked to original sources
PubMed1974

Cefoxitin and cephalothin: antimicrobial activity, human pharmacokinetics, and toxicology.

Cefoxitin, a semisynthetic cephamycin, has been compared with the widely used parenteral cephalosporin, cephalothin, in terms of antibacterial activity, human pharmacokinetics, and toxicity. For both compounds, minimal inhibitory concentrations were within the therapeutic range against the 156 gram-positive cocci tested (except group D streptococci), but cephalothin was 8 to 20 times more active. Regarding the 313 gram-negative organisms tested, both antibiotics were of approximately equal activity against cephalothin-susceptible strains, but cefoxitin was outstandingly superior against Providencia spp. and indole-producing Proteus spp., and markedly better against Serratia marcescens and Bacteroides fragilis. Against these organisms, cefoxitin but not cephalothin would be expected to be therapeutically valuable. Antibiotic activity levels in the serum and urine of 18 human volunteers after parenteral administration were higher and more prolonged in the case of cefoxitin, which had an average terminal serum half-life of about 45 min and a urinary recovery of about 90%. Cefoxitin was entirely nontoxic and, given intramuscularly, slightly less painful then cephalothin. These preliminary results suggest that cephamycins may prove to be a significant chemotherapeutic advance.

Adult↗
PubMed1973

Cefoxitin, a new semi-synthetic cephamycin: an in-vitro and in-vivo comparison with cephalothin.

The activity of cefoxitin was compared with that of cephalothin against 229 bacterial strains. Cefoxitin was more active against most Gram-negative strains, notably against indole-producing Proteus spp., which are usually resistant to the cephalosporins. Cefoxitin was not susceptible to any significant extent to degradation by beta-lactamases produced by Gram-negative organisms. Against Gram-positive organisms, however, cefoxitin was considerably less active than cephalothin, but minimum inhibitory concentrations for Staphylococcus aureus were well within therapeutically attainable blood levels.Pharmacokinetic studies in 18 volunteers showed a higher and longer sustained antibiotic activity in serum and urine after injections of cefoxitin than after equal doses of cephalothin. Urinary recovery of cefoxitin activity was also much higher than that of cephalothin. No evidence of toxicity due to cefoxitin was found. Cefoxitin was slightly less painful after intramuscular injection than cephalothin.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1972

Double-blind trial to compare ampicillin, cephalexin, co-trimoxazole, and trimethoprim in treatment of urinary infection.

In order to test their value in urinary infection a double-blind trial was carried out using ampicillin, cephalexin, trimethoprim-sulphamethoxazole (co-trimoxazole), and trimethoprim. Eighty-three courses of treatment were given to hospital patients, 149 to pregnant women, and 107 to patients with dysuria and frequency seen in domiciliary practice. Thus infections of varying severity in defined groups of patients caused by organisms with different antibiotic sensitivities were treated.Analysis of the overall results (339 courses) was compared with those from the individual groups and considerable variation in response was found. In domiciliary infections and bacteriuria in pregnancy trimethoprim alone proved to be at least as effective as the other three compounds and caused fewer than half the number of side effects. In the hospital patients co-trimoxazole was superior to trimethoprim.The overall results for ampicillin and cephalexin were similar although cephalexin proved to be inferior in treating symptomatic domiciliary infections.

Ampicillin↗