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Biomedical subjects

W Brown

Publications and source records attributed to W Brown.

At least 127 records · Page 7Linked to original sources
PubMed1980

Purification of plasma vitamin D metabolites for radioimmunoassay.

The ability of four solvent systems to extract tritiated 25-hydroxy vitamin D3, 24,25-dihydroxy vitamin D3, 25,26-dihydroxy vitamin D3 and 1 alpha, 25-dihydroxy vitamin D3 from plasma was compared. Diethyl ether gave the highest yield of metabolites and lowest yield of "lipid" materials, the dihydroxylated metabolites were more readily extracted than 25-hydroxy vitamin D3. Following extraction with ether the vitamin D metabolites could be separated, without prior purification, on a 6.2 mm X 250 mm Zorbax-Sil high pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) column, a simplification of previous methods. Plasma 1 alpha, 25-dihydroxy vitamin D levels measured after purification by this method were not significantly different from those obtained by an established, more complex method.

24,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D 3↗
PubMed1980

Porter training: the key is 'keep it practical'.

Just over two years ago, Edward Lewis, personnel officer, Mid Glamorgan HA, described in the Journal how a training programme for head and deputy head porters was received in Wales. At that stage only the first module had been devised. Now with Nigel Bryant, lecturer in the department of management studies, Polytechnic of Wales, and William Brown, Welsh Office advisor, he reports on further progress.

Curriculum↗
PubMed1980

Plasma 1,25(OH)2 vitamin D measured by radioimmunoassay and cytosol radioreceptor assay in normal subjects and patients with primary hyperparathyroidism and renal failure.

Antibodies to 1 alpha, 25-dihydroxy vitamin D3 25-hemisuccinate linked to albumin were produced and an immunoassay for 1,25-dihydroxy vitamin D developed. Plasma 1,25-dihydroxy vitamin D concentrations were compared using an immunoassay and cytosol radioreceptor assay. Both assays gave comparable results but the immunoassay was more reproducible, slightly more sensitive and had a lower detection limit. Using the immunoassay the plasma 1,25-dihydroxy vitamin D was 110.5 pmol/l (S.D. 29.4) in normal subjects; there was no difference between males and premenopausal females. It was negatively related to plasma phosphate. In renal failure and primary hyperparathyroidism plasma 1,25(OH)2D was positively related to radiocalcium absorption. Following 1 and 2 microgram of 1,25-dihydroxy vitamin D3 given orally the peak plasma concentration occurs within 12 h.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

Bioavailability and dissolution parameters of seven lithium carbonate products.

Seven commercial products and a standard powder of lithium carbonate were administered to healthy human volunteers in a crossover study. An analysis of variance of saliva levels and urinary excretion as well as an analysis of variance of peak concentration and the area under the curve from 0 to 24 hr for the saliva levels showed no significant difference between the powder and products, but a significant difference between subjects. A significant difference was found between the time of peak saliva levels, which was attributed to faster powder absorption. A dissolution study using the USP basket method at 50 and 100 rpm and the Levy beaker at 50 rpm also showed no significant difference between products after the lag time for the capsule dosage forms. With a regression analysis, a significant correlation was found between the saliva levels of the products at 2 hr and dissolution in the USP basket at 50 rpm at 4 min.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

Relationship between high fasting blood sugar and depression in a mental hygiene clinic population.

The relationship between diagnosis and abnormally high fasting blood sugar levels was reviewed for 4,994 patients in a mental hygiene clinic. Fifty-four patients exceeded the criterion level of fasting blood sugar abnormality, FBS greater than or equal to 145 mg%. There was no evidence of relationship between psychiatric diagnosis and the presence of an abnormally high fasting blood sugar level. This held true for the diagnosis of depression despite observations made elsewhere that a significant association exists between the depressions and diabetes.

Adjustment Disorders↗
PubMed1978

Clinical laboratory abnormalities and their follow-up in a mental hygiene clinic.

In a retrospective study, there were clearly abnormal laboratory findings in 4.8 per cent of 4,994 adults who attended for psychiatric evaluation at a mental hygiene clinic. In particular high fasting blood sugars, abnormal blood counts, eosinophilia, VDRL and abnormalities of chest X-ray or urinalysis were found. Just under half of these abnormalities led to further medical follow-up. Old and young, schizophrenic and neurotic were equally likely to be followed up, but tests which were clinically not alarming might be ignored. The implications are discussed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1977

Contragestational agents. 1. Steroidal O-aryloximes.

The preparation of a series of O-aryloximes of various steroids by two different routes is described. These compounds were prepared by reacting a keto steroid with a substituted O-arylhydroxylamine in the presence of an acid catalyst or, alternatively, by the reaction of a steroidal oxime with a substituted aryl halide in the presence of a suitable base. These compounds were examined for their ability to interrupt postimplantive gestation in female rats. The most significant contragestational activity was seen with compounds in which the basic steroid structure was a 5alpha-androstane and the 3-oxime was of the p-nitrophenyl series. One of the most active compounds in the series (16) was shown to have the ability to terminate pregnancy, when orally administered to rats at 2.5 mg/kg on days 9-12 of gestation. This compound was found to be devoid of androgenic activity at this dose level.

Animals↗
PubMed1977

Plasma level studies of penbutolol after oral dose in man.

Plasma levels of penbutolol (HOE 893d) were determined in eight healthy adult male subjects after oral administration of 50-mg capsules. Fast absorpiton of the drug from the gastrointestinal tract was indicated by the rapid increase in plasma levels during the absorption phase, with a peak time at about 1 hour after dosing in all subjects. After the peak level, plasma concentrations declined biexponentially, with an average half-life of 2.5 and 27 hours for the fast and slow disposition phases, respectively. These values were in good agreement with data previously found for this drug. Cumulative excretion of intact drug in the urine of the eight subjects during 72 hours after dosing was less than 4 per cent, except for one subject who excreted 9.82 per cent of the dose. Large individual variations were found for area under the plasma level curves, disposition rates, and amounts of intact drug excreted in the urine. Significant pharmacologic effects were noted in all eight subjects at the 50-mg dose level, and mild side effects were evident in one half of these subjects. The average drop in blood pressure and pulse rate for all subjects was 26/18 mm Hg and 19 beats per minute, respectively.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1976

The hemodynamic effects of intrauterine hypoxia: an experimental model in newborn lambs.

An experimental animal model of intrauterine hypoxia and respiratory distress in newborn lambs was produced by inducing maternal hypotension. Serial hemodynamic data indicated that the oxygenation defect in the lambs was due to right-to-left shunting of blood through fetal channels rather than within the lungs. Shunting was mainly across the foramen ovale, but, in severely distressed animals, significant right-to-left shunt also occurred through the ductus arteriosus. Left-to-right shunts across the ductus arteriosus were found in lambs with milder respiratory distress. The implications of perinatal hypoxia as it affects the pulmonary vascular bed in human neonates with the respiratory distress syndrome (hyaline membrane disease) and persistence of the fetal circulation are discussed. It is speculated that the early pulmonary vascular esponses in the two diseases may be identical.

Animals↗
PubMed1976

A restriction endonuclease analysis of the bacterial plasmid controlling the ecoRI restriction and modification of DNA.

Genetic analyses of DNA restriction and modification mechanisms have been encumbered by the inability to rigorously select for mutant phenotypes associated with these systems. The application of restriction endonucleases has now proved to be a successful approach to the genetic analyses of small genomes that are recalcitrant to the more standard genetic techniques. Restriction endonucleases EcoRI and HindIII were used to analyze the structure of the plasmid genome responsible for the EcoRI restriction endonuclease and modification methylase. This plasmid in the original clinical isolate of Escherichia coli appears to be identical to the ColE 1 plasmid except for a 1.95 kilobase pair segment which contains these genes. A preliminary restriction map of this plasmid is presented.

Base Sequence↗
PubMed1975

Staphylococcal food poisoning aboard a commercial aircraft.

On Feb. 3, 1975, 196 (57%) of 344 passengers and 1 steward aboard a commercial aircraft contracted a gastrointestinal illness characterised by nausea, vomiting, abdominal cramps, and diarrhoea; 142 passengers and the steward were admitted to hospital. Symptoms developed shortly after a ham and omelette breakfast had been served. An investigation strongly incriminated ham as the vehicle of the outbreak, and the source seems to have been a cook with lesions on his fingers. The attack-rate was 86% for passengers who ate the ham handled by this cook and 0% for passengers who ate ham handled exclusively by another food preparer. Before being served, the ham and omelette had been held at room temperature for 14 h and at 10 degrees C (50 degrees F) for 14 1/2 h Specimens of stool and vomitus from ill passengers, left-over food, and the finger lesions of the cook were positive for Staphylococcus aureus of identical phage types and antibiotic sensitivities. Preformed enterotoxin was detected in the left-over ham and omelette. This outbreak re-emphasises that people with infected lesion should not handle food and that foods must be stored at temperatures low enough to inhibit the growth of bacteria. To ensure against a common foodborne illness incapacitating the entire flight crew, cockpit crew members should eat different meals prepared by different cooks.

Adult↗