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Biomedical subjects

W Bischoff

Publications and source records attributed to W Bischoff.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1992

Loracarbef (LY163892) versus cefaclor and norfloxacin in the treatment of uncomplicated pyelonephritis.

Optimal therapy for pyelonephritis requires the immediate administration of an effective broad-spectrum antibiotic. Because conventional oral antibiotics such as the sulfonamides and the aminopenicillins are limited by the development of resistant bacteria associated with this common disease, the therapeutic effectiveness of a new oral carbacephem antibiotic was investigated. Two double-blind, randomized clinical trials of loracarbef (LY163892) were conducted. A total of 245 patients (greater than or equal to 18 years old) with uncomplicated pyelonephritis were enrolled in parallel studies. One study compared loracarbef with cefaclor; the other compared loracarbef with norfloxacin. In the combined patient population, 119 patients were treated with loracarbef (400 mg twice daily), 43 with cefaclor (500 mg three times daily), and 83 with norfloxacin (400 mg twice daily). All treatment regimens continued for greater than or equal to 14 days. A total of 68 patients in the loracarbef group, 25 in the cefaclor group, and 43 in the norfloxacin group qualified for efficacy analysis. Escherichia coli was the causative pathogen in 85.0% of these patients. Successful posttherapy clinical and bacteriologic responses were similar for all three study drugs: 94.1 and 86.8%, 96.0 and 80.0%, 97.7 and 88.4% for loracarbef, cefaclor, and norfloxacin, respectively. Late posttherapy clinical responses were 87.4, 83.3, and 91.7% for the loracarbef, cefaclor, and norfloxacin groups, respectively. Bacteriologic responses for the three groups were 79.6, 60.0, and 88.9%. The most frequent adverse effects (headache, diarrhea, and nausea) were experienced by three patients (2.5%) in the loracarbef group; headaches were noted in two (4.7%) cefaclor patients, diarrhea was noted in three (7.0%) patients in the cefaclor group, and nausea was noted in four (9.3%). Gastrointestinal events were noted in four patients (4.8%) in the norfloxacin group. The data demonstrate that loracarbef is comparable in efficacy and safety to both cefaclor and norfloxacin as oral therapy for uncomplicated pyelonephritis.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

Antibiotic therapy for urinary tract infections.

Loracarbef, a member of the carbacephem class of beta-lactam antibiotics, was tested in randomized, double-blind, parallel studies for the treatment of uncomplicated urinary tract infections (UTIs). In one study conducted in the United States, a 7-day course of once-daily doses of loracarbef (200 mg) was compared with a 7-day course of multiple daily doses of cefaclor (250 mg three times a day). Analysis of data from a small, homogeneous patient population of 108 college-aged women showed that loracarbef produced clinical and bacteriologic responses similar to those produced by cefaclor. At 5-9 days posttherapy, bacteriologic cure was observed in 96% of patients in the loracarbef group and 90% of patients in the cefaclor group (p = 0.614); at 4-6 weeks post-therapy, the same cure rate (81%) was observed in both groups. Analysis of the larger (333 patients) and more heterogeneous study population containing several male and elderly female patients showed that loracarbef again produced responses similar to those produced by cefaclor, with no statistically significant differences seen between the groups at 5-9 days or at 4-6 weeks posttherapy. The adverse events reported by the loracarbef and cefaclor groups were also comparable in both the small and large patient populations analyzed. Similarly favorable results were seen when a 7-day regimen of loracarbef (200 mg once a day) was compared with a 7-day regimen of norfloxacin (400 mg twice a day) in a large European study of approximately 300 patients with uncomplicated cystitis. These studies demonstrate that the safety and efficacy of once-daily loracarbef are comparable to the safety and efficacy of multiple-dose/day therapy with other antimicrobial agents commonly used in the treatment of uncomplicated UTIs.

Cefaclor↗
PubMed1991

An open multicentre study on the efficacy and safety of rufloxacin in patients with chronic bacterial prostatitis.

In an open study, 27 patients with chronic bacterial prostatitis were treated for four weeks with rufloxacin. They received 400 mg on the first day, and then 200 mg once daily. The patients were studied for up to one month after completion of therapy. One patient was lost to follow-up, but was included in the safety analysis. One patient did not meet all the inclusion criteria (WBC less than 10/HPF in the prostatic fluid sample) and was evaluated separately (cure). One month after treatment, clinical success (cure and improvement) was obtained in 23 of 25 patients (92%) and bacteriological eradication was achieved in 19 of 24 patients (79%). The only adverse event possibly related to the study drug was a case of transient mild tiredness and nervousness. Rufloxacin did not accumulate in plasma during therapy. Hence, a single daily dose of rufloxacin 200 mg appears to be a safe treatment for chronic bacterial prostatitis.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

An assessment of temafloxacin in the treatment of chronic bacterial prostatitis.

Based on its in-vitro activity against the majority of organisms associated with bacterial prostatitis and its excellent penetration into prostatic tissue, prostatic secretions and seminal fluid, temafloxacin appears to be a suitable agent for the treatment of prostatic infections. The efficacy and safety of temafloxacin 400 mg bd for 28 days were assessed in 61 patients from ten centres in Germany with symptomatic bacterial prostatitis diagnosed by segmented localizing cultures. Urine and prostatic secretions were obtained for culture. Clinical signs and symptoms were evaluated at two weeks during treatment, and at 5 to 9 days and 26 to 30 days after treatment. Safety was monitored during and at the end of treatment. Escherichia coli and Enterococcus spp. were the most frequent pathogens. In 41 clinically and bacteriologically evaluable patients, 37 (90%) were successfully treated at 5 to 9 days; four of these patients did not return for follow-up at the final visit and the remaining patients (33) continued to be clinically cured or improved. Thirty-seven patients (90.2%) had eradication of pre-treatment pathogens at 5 to 9 days after treatment; three of these patients did not return for this final follow-up visit. There were six patients with persistent or recurrent pathogens isolated and six patients with reinfecting pathogens. Thus, 26 of 38 (68%) evaluable patients at visit 5 were free from infection (from either a pre-treatment pathogen or any subsequent new infecting pathogen) up to 26 to 30 days after treatment. One clinically evaluable but bacteriologically non-evaluable patient was classified as a therapeutic failure after nine days of treatment and was not included in the final assessment. Improvement in the severity of specific signs and symptoms was observed in greater than 90% of cases. Mild to moderate adverse events, mostly occurring during the first or second weeks of long-term therapy, were reported in 11.5% of patients. Temafloxacin 400 mg bd, for four weeks was very effective and well tolerated by the majority of patients with documented bacterial prostatitis.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1990

3.75 and 7.5 mg leuprorelin acetate depot in the treatment of advanced prostatic cancer: preliminary report. German Leuprorelin Study Group.

In an on-going, non-comparative, open, multicentre phase III study in Germany, 190 patients with advanced prostatic cancer were treated with 3.75 or 7.5 mg leuprorelin acetate depot given subcutaneously or intramuscularly once monthly, with or without concomitant antiandrogen or cytostatic therapy. The two doses and the different routes of administration did not have any significant effects on serum testosterone, dihydrotestosterone, follicle stimulating hormone and luteinizing hormone concentrations, tumour activity or clinical tolerance. Using either dose, the 'no progression' rate (complete remission plus partial remission plus stable disease) was 88.5% overall and was 88.2% in T1-T2 disease and 82.5% in T3-T4 disease after 12 months' treatment. It is concluded that the depot formulation of leuprorelin acetate offers an important alternative in the treatment of advanced prostatic cancer.

Aged↗
PubMed1990

[Comparative structural analyses of the spongy bone of lumbar and cervical vertebral bodies. Radiological-morphometric and statistical studies].

To investigate the question as to a possible insufficiency of the osteoblasts with increasing age, autopsy material obtained from 105 deceased of both sexes at an age of 16 to 91 in whom clinically manifest bone diseases had been excluded, was studied. The structure of the spongy bone of the 3rd to 5th lumbar vertebral bodies (LVB) and of the 5th to 7th cervical vertebral bodies (CVB) was examined quantitatively-morphometrically, and the results were submitted to a statistical evaluation. In the three LVB, Vv, Sv and S/V behave in a similar manner. Here, Vv and Sv decrease after the age of 50 by more than 1/3, while S/V remains constant throughout live. In all the structural parameters, the three lower CVB have higher values than do the LVB. The age-dependent changes, in contrast, are only very slight. This differing behaviour of the spongy bone in the two regions of the spinal column is an expression of the characteristic loading forces in the respective regions: LVB loading is predominantly static, CVB loading mainly dynamic. Thus, from this functional point of view, physiological osteoporosis due to aging, so-called, is merely an expression of an aging bone adapting - in the same way as the bone of a young adult - to the current loading forces acting upon it.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1979

[The problem of hepatic dysfunction of the diagnosis of hypernephroid kidney carcinomas (Stauffer syndrome)].

In 43 patients with histologically proved hypernephroid kidney cancer evaluation of the electrophoretic results, serum alkaline phosphatase, thromboplastin time (Quick's time) and bromthalein retention (n = 10) was carried out. As a control group the serum values of 10 patients with clinical tentative diagnosis of hypernephroid kidney cancer were checked; in this group operation and histological examination showed no kidney tumor. Only in one patient we found the typical constellation with elevated alkaline phosphatase, diminished albumin, elevated alpha-2 globuline fraction, and decreased thromboplastin time. 10 patients with histologically proved hypernephroid kidney cancer (nephrectomy) did not show any hepatic dysfunctions. Concerning the laboratory findings there was no difference between the two groups. In case of hepatic dysfunctions of unknown etiology a liver punction should be carried out for histologically examination. The cause of hepatic dysfunction (Stauffer syndrome) in cases of hypernephroid kidney cancer are discussed.

Alkaline Phosphatase↗
PubMed1979

Treatment of arteriovenous angiomas of the kidney: surgical intervention and intra-arterial embolization.

Angiomas of the kidney are benign vascular dysplasias, which usually can be identified angiographically. If there are no clinical symptoms treatment is not necessary. In cases of hematuria and/or hypertension either intra-arterial superselective embolization seems to cause less functional loss of the renal parenchyma, whereas excision often leads to heminephrectomy or even total nephrectomy. Even if the angioma is initially not completely embolized followup study to 2 years has shown complete occlusion of the angioma, either owing to inflammatory reactions or redistribution of blood flow and diminished blood pressure. Two cases of renal angiomas are presented. Treatment consisted of intra-arterial superselective embolization in 1 case and surgical clipping of the supplying arterial branch in the other.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

[Arterio-venous angioma of the kidney: embolisation and two year follow-up (author's transl)].

Successful embolisation of an arteriovenous angioma of the kidney with gel foam suspension is described, with a two year follow-up. Embolisation cured hypertension, which had otherwise resisted treatment, and stopped haematuria. The need for careful follow-up is stressed with long-term observations using both angiography and scintigraphy of the affected kidney. The intra-arterial embolisation with gel foam resulted in a redistribution of blood-flow which led to complete success of treatment even thought the vascular malformation had not been totally obliterated.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

[Indications and value of treatment by catheter occlusion (author's transl)].

The value of the catheter occlusion therapy is analyzed in 92 cases retrospectively, and the indication, and complication risk of these procedures are considered. In the following vessel areas occlusion with different methods have been performed with decreasing frequency; kidneys, pelvis, legs, gastrointestinal tract, external carotid and internal carotid artery. Serious complications have been observed in therapeutic investigations at the head, especially in occlusions of the external carotid artery. In this group embolisation therapy should be performed with strict indication only.

Adrenal Gland Neoplasms↗
PubMed1979

Experimental embolization in kidneys: tissue concentration of antibiotics.

In 7 dogs renal arterial embolization was performed using the Seldinger technique and an inflatable Swan Ganz balloon catheter. Methyl methacrylate and butyl-2-cyanoacrylate were injected. 6 months later, the tissue concentration of Cefazolin was measured in the embolized and contralateral kidneys and in serum 2 h after a short infusion of 1 h Cefazolin. The concentrations in serum and homogenized kidney tissue were determined by means of the agar gel diffusion method. Angiography showed no vessels in the embolized kidneys. Histologically there was total atrophy of the tissue, especially of the tubular system. The mean tissue level of Cefazolin in the embolized kidney was 70% of serum. The tissue concentration was always above 10 micrograms/g. This concentration is high enough to inhibit nearly all strains of E. coli, Klebsiella, Salmonella, Shigella and a large part of Proteus mirabilis, whereas nearly all gram-positive bacteria are inhibited at a lower concentration. The value and necessity of antibiotic therapy in embolized kidney cancer is discussed.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

[Indication for vascular reconstructive operations in radical tumor surgery].

First experiences concerning reconstructive vascular surgery in malignant tumor surgery are presented. In order to improve total tumor excision, the resection of great veins or nutritive arteries may become necessary. In some cases the reconstruction of vascular defects together with tumor resection may be indicated. Only in the case of younger patients vascular reconstruction of essential vessels seems to be indicated.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

[Angiomyolipoma, a precursor of hypernephroma? (author's transl)].

Presentation of an eleven year follow-up of a case of angioblastoma of the cerebellar hemisphere and multiple bilateral renal hamartomas in a female patients. Malignant degeneration of these hamartomas was detected early due to regular and careful follow-up examinations.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1978

[Concentration of antibiotics in long term embolized kidneys (author's transl)].

In 7 dogs renal arterial embolization was performed using Seldinger technique and inflatable Swan Ganz balloon catheter by injection of methyl methacrylate/butyl 2 cyano acrylat. Six months later tissue concentration of cefazolin was measured in the embolized and kontralateral kidneys and in serum two hours after a short infusion of 1 g of Cefazolin. The concentrations in serum and homogenized kidney tissue were determined by means of the agar well diffusion method. Angiography studies showed no vessels in the embolized kidneys. Histologically there was total atrophy of the tissue especially the tubular system. The mean tissue level of Cefazolin in the embolized kidney was 70% of serum. The tissue concentration was always above 10 microgram/g. This concentration is high enough to inhibit nearly all strains of E. coli, Klebsiella, Salmonella, Shigella and a large part of Proteus mirabilis, whereas nearly all gram-positive bacteria are inhibit at a lower concentration. Value and necessity of antibiotic therapy in embolized kidney cancer is discussed.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

[Artificial embolization before septic amputation].

By artificial embolization before extensive septic amputation arrosion bleedings that are otherwise noncontrollable can be prevented. Resorbable gelatine (Gelforam) is suitable for embolization. For safety one can leave a balloon catheter above the embolized vessel segment for several days.

Accidents, Traffic↗