Search PubMed⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

W Bauer

Publications and source records attributed to W Bauer.

At least 145 records · Page 8Linked to original sources
PubMed1985

Transcutaneous electrical stimulation for tinnitus.

The use of electrical stimulation to treat tinnitus was evaluated in a two-experiment study. The stimulus was a low amperage, low frequency variable square wave applied to 13 sites on the auricle of the ear with tinnitus. The sites were selected for their increased electrical conductivity as measured by low electrical resistance readings. Experiment 1 results defined improvement as either a complete remission of the tinnitus or a decrease in the frequency of the tinnitus. Experiment 2 utilized a single blind protocol with 20 subjects comprising 33 ears with tinnitus. Eighty-two percent of the 33 ears showed improvement by either of the two criteria. The permanence of the improvement ranged from 20 minutes to at least six months. The variables associated with this procedure were discussed. The adverse effects from the stimulation were minimal.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

[Determination of the activity and control of the course of sarcoidosis using bronchoalveolar lavage].

The active stage of sarcoidosis is marked by lymphocyte-rich alveolitis with predominance of helper-T-lymphocytes. 8 patients with sarcoidosis were investigated by bronchoalveolar lavage. Of these patients, 5 proved to have high-intensity and 3 low-intensity alveolitis. It was observed that the total number of helper-T-lymphocytes in the lavage liquid was many times higher than in the patients with low-intensity alveolitis. 4 of the 5 patients with high-intensity alveolitis were treated with prednisone. Parallel to the radiological, functional and clinical improvement, a significant decrease in the absolute number of helper-T-lymphocytes was observed in the lavage liquid, as well as a decrease in the ratio of helper- to suppressor-T-lymphocytes.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

[Immunotherapy of chronic bronchitis: importance of humoral antibodies].

Properties and potentialities of passive and active immunization are discussed in relation to antibody deficiency syndromes (ADS) and in situations with increased risk of infections. Passive immunization with immunoglobulins is indicated whenever the specific antibodies needed for defence against an infectious agent are lacking. The protective effect provided by passive immunization is polyvalent and of immediate onset, but fades rapidly with a halflife of 2-3 weeks. Adequate protection can only be expected with a high dosage. Active immunization with specific vaccines provides longlasting protection against certain infectious diseases with high morbidity and lethality. Using the example of pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine, the authors offer evidence that a single subcutaneous injection provides a high level of protection in immunologically normal young individuals, but not in old and immunocompromised subjects.

Bacterial Vaccines↗
PubMed1984

[How useful is the ultrastructural study of the cilia of the respiratory tract in the diagnosis of an immotile cilia syndrome?].

The immotile cilia syndrome (ICS) comprises a range of congenital defects of the ciliary apparatus most probably transmitted by autosomal recessive inheritance. Because cilia occur mainly in the respiratory and genital tract, the clinical symptoms of ICS are most commonly chronic sinusitis, bronchitis, bronchiectasis and male sterility. The syndrome can be associated with a situs inversus and is then called Kartagener's syndrome. We studied the ciliary ultrastructure in airway biopsies of 5 patients suffering from chronic upper and lower respiratory tract infections. With the single exception of one female patient with confirmed ICS diagnosis (Kartagener's syndrome) the etiology of the recurrent infections was unknown. The following ciliary defects were observed: missing dynein arms, radial spoke defects, missing nexin links, microtubular transpositions, compound cilia, supernumerary, absent, or incomplete microtubules, lack of ciliary orientation and various abnormal patterns of microtubular arrangement. In no instance did a patient show only a single anomaly; defects were always combined. Missing dynein arms, radial spoke defects and microtubular transpositions have frequently been described as lesions specific for ICS. Whenever these lesions were found simultaneously in both the respiratory and genital tracts, their genetic origin cannot be doubted. In our confirmed ICS patient the outer dynein arms were not missing but were reduced in number and length in a large number of cilia. The biopsy was, however, obtained from the heavily infected maxillary sinus and it is known that inflammation can lead to a loss of dynein arms. In the light of our investigations and of a review of the published cases of ciliary anomalies, it is concluded that none of the above defects in itself is specific for ICS. They may all occur as secondary lesions or sporadically as varieties in otherwise healthy subjects. It therefore appears questionable whether ICS can be diagnosed from the ciliary ultrastructure of a single airway biopsy. Assessment of ICS cannot be based simply on the ultrastructural demonstration of a particular ciliary defect, but necessitates additional considerations particularly regarding the origin of the biopsy, the sampling procedures and quantitation of defects. It appears necessary to investigate samples from different parts of the airways and quantitatively analyze the prominent lesions.

Abnormalities, Multiple↗
PubMed1983

Electrical treatment of severe head and neck cancer pain.

A new modality for the treatment of severe head and neck cancer pain is introduced along with three representative cases showing its effect. The modality uses an extremely low-frequency, low-amperage AC. The mechanism of action is as yet theoretical, with evidence that endorphins and enkephalins are released. All results have been extremely positive in reducing pain.

Analgesia↗
PubMed1982

[Use of broncho-alveolar lavage in the diagnosis, activity determination and follow-up of sarcoidosis. Preliminary report].

Pulmonary sarcoidosis is associated with granulomas and alveolitis at certain stages with accumulation of helper T-lymphocytes. The activity of alveolitis was determined by analysis of T-lymphocytes recovered by bronchoalveolar lavage. Only the alveolitis stage of sarcoidosis is influenced by treatment. 3 patients of a total of 5 fulfilled the criteria of active sarcoidosis. The course in 5 cases is discussed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1982

SMS 201-995: a very potent and selective octapeptide analogue of somatostatin with prolonged action.

Stepwise modification of a conformationally stabilised analogue of the fragment of somatostatin which had been thought to be essential biologically active moiety has enabled us to synthesise the analogue H-(D) Phe-Cys-Phe-(D) Trp-Lys-Thr-Cys-Thr(ol) code-named SMS 201-995, which in vitro is three times more potent than the native hormone in inhibiting the secretion of growth hormone, which is highly resistant to degradation by pure enzymes and by tissue homogenates, which in vivo in rat and rhesus monkey is (depending on test system) at least 20 times more active than somatostatin, which is much longer acting, and which moreover in both species is much more selective in inhibiting the secretion of growth hormone than that of insulin. The compound is active by several routes of administration including the oral, is well tolerated both in laboratory animals and in man, and is currently undergoing preliminary clinical trial.

Animals↗
PubMed1981

The behavior of transferrin iron in the rat.

The behavior of rat transferrin has been investigated employing acrylamide gel electrophoresis and isoelectric focusing. In vitro trace labeling with iron chelates at 30 min was 93%-98% effective, whereas binding by simple ferric salts was reduced to 71%-76%. Complete and specific binding of 59FeSO4 by the iron binding sites of transferrin was demonstrated after in vitro or in vivo addition of ferrous ammonium sulfate in pH 2 saline up to the point of iron saturation. In vitro the radioriron transferrin complex in plasma was stable and its iron had a negligible exchange with other transferrin binding sites over several hours. The distribution of radioiron added in vitro or through absorption was shown to be random between the binding sites of slow and fast transferrin molecule. Iron distribution among body tissues was similar for mono- and diferric transferrin iron and was not affected by the site distribution of iron on the transferrin molecule. The only important aspect of transferrin iron binding was the more rapid tissue uptake of iron in the diferric form was compared to monoferric transferrin. Additional in vivo effects on internal iron exchange were produced by changes in the iron balance of the animal. In the iron loaded animal, monoferric transferrin injected into the plasma was rapidly loaded by iron from tissue and thereby converted to diferric transferrin. Injection of diferric transferrin in the iron deficient animal was associated with a rapid disappearance from circulation of the original complex and a subsequent appearance of monoferric transferrin as a result of iron returning from tissues. These observations support the concept that plasma iron behaves as a single pool except that diferric iron exchange occurs at a more rapid rate than dose monoferric iron exchange.

Animals↗
PubMed1981

The relationship between plasma iron and plasma iron turnover in the rat.

Plasma iron turnover has been evaluated in the growing rat. Consistent data were obtained with the intravenous injection of radioiron in the form of ferrous sulfate or ferric citrate. Plasma iron turnover changed as a function of plasma iron concentration. Only part of this effect in the rat was due to the different rates of clearance of mono-and differic transferrin, the latter having a higher iron delivery rate in vivo. An additional effect was shown to relate to the rate of red cell production. With decreased production, the effect of plasma iron on plasma iron turnover was reduced, whereas with increased erythropoiesis there was an additional increment in plasma iron turnover for any increase in plasma iron. Since this effect was observed when increased iron demands were due to an increase in erythroid precursors in the marrow but not in the circulating blood, it is attributed to limitations in iron flow to the marrow. This suggests that erythroid marrow activity and the adequacy of iron supply when studied by ferrokinetic techniques can best be defined by the response curve relating plasma iron concentration to plasma iron turnover.

Animals↗
PubMed1980

Prognostic parameters in radiotherapeutic management of localized carcinoma of the prostate.

A series of 215 patients with carcinoma of the prostate localized to the pelvis received radical radiotherapy. Treatment results have been correlated with the tumor stage, tumor size defined independently from stage, doses of radiation and histological grade. The following ranges from 2 to 13 years (median 5 years). Local recurrence was observed in 6.6 percent of stage B, 16.1 per cent of stage C and 20 per cent of stage D1 cases. Eighty per cent of the patients with stage B disease, 56 per cent with stage C and 0 per cent with stage D1 survived 5 years free of disease. Tumors less than 2 cm. in diameter were controlled uniformly, while tumors more than 2 cm. in diameter showed an over-all local control rate of about 85 per cent. Increasing size resulted in a higher incidence of distant metastases. A dose of 6,500 rad (180 to 200 rad per day) appears adequate for tumors less than 2 cm. in diameter and stage B tumors, while higher stage tumors require doses of 7,000 rad (180 to 200 rad per day). Most high grade tumors and massive tumors of any grade fail outside the pelvis.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1980

[Litter-specific characteristics of diurnal drinking water consumption by sows and their piglets].

Reported in this paper is the evolution of drinking water intake by two piglet litters in relation with their mother's periods of drinking water intake, frequency of drinking water consumption periods during nursing, and subsequent phases of piglet development in connection with maximum activities and nursing periods. High-continuity testing of drinking water consumption proved helpful in devising an automatic measurement system for time-dependent and quantity-dependent recording of drinking water consumption of litters and mothers.

Animal Population Groups↗
PubMed1980

[Chronology of breast cancer using Gompertz' growth model].

The chronology of carcinoma of the breast based upon the size of the primary tumour and of its metastatic nodes in a simple exponential growth model leads to anomalies. The Gompertz model may be substituted for it in order to date the primary tumour and its metastases at the price of a hypothesis: the asymptotic size of the carcinoma. Its value has little influence on the initial doubling times chosen as a new time unit. 337 radical mastectomy specimens out of 500 examined fulfilled the necessary conditions for a precise quantitative study. If the age of the lesion expressed by taking the initial doubling time as a time unit is called K, the mean age of the primary carcinoma at the time of the first metastasis (FM) is K = 35. Its size is 15 mm3 and its diameter 3 mm. 90% of lymph node metastases occurred at K = 43 (size of primary carcinoma 125 mm3; diameter 6 mm). These results are in agreement with others obtained on theoretical or experimental bases. They tend to show that the earliest diagnosis, taking technical possibilities into account, cannot be early enough to precede lymphatic spread.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

[Primary thrombocythemia: clinical, pathophysiology and therapeutic possibilities].

The course of primary thrombocythemia has been observed in 22 patients over a period of 1-19 years. In contrast to experience with primary thrombocythemia in the literature, thrombotic complications were far more common than hemorrhage. 20 out of 22 patients complained of pain in toes and fingers due to disturbances of microcirculation, whereas bleeding disorders were present only in 5. Studies on spontaneous aggregation of platelets revealed a close association between platelet hyperaggregability and ischemic attacks. 500 mg acetylsalicylic acid every second day normalized the hyperaggregability in vitro and removed pain completely. The indication for antiaggregating substances in the therapy of primary thrombocythemia is discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

Posttraumatic pseudohypertelorism. (Telecanthus).

Telecanthus was evaluated in a large series of patients with midfacial trauma. Nine patients were selected for detailed analysis of cause, degree of injury, and results of surgical treatment. The evaluation suggests that fractures causing the medial canthal injury are extensive, often resulting in ocular and CNS damage. Late repairs are plagued with difficulty in identification of the ligament and mobilization of soft tissues in the medial canthal area. Satisfactory function and appearance can usually be obtained by early exploration of the injury, reduction of bone fragments, and restoration of the medial canthal ligament to its normal position.

Adolescent↗