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Biomedical subjects

W Bauer

Publications and source records attributed to W Bauer.

At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1994

Activated T cells and cytokines in bronchoalveolar lavages from patients with various lung diseases associated with eosinophilia.

Increasing evidence suggests an important role for cytokines in the regulation of eosinophilic inflammation. In the present study we investigated the distribution of leukocytes, lymphocyte subsets, their activation state, and the cytokine profile present in BAL fluid from patients with various lung diseases associated with eosinophilia. For this purpose, we analyzed the levels of IL-1 beta, IL-2, IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-8, GM-CSF, TNF-alpha, and IFN-gamma, as well as soluble IL-2 and TNF receptors, in concentrated bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid obtained from clearly defined patients with allergic and nonallergic asthma, eosinophilic pneumonia, allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis (ABPA), hypersensitivity pneumonitis, and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. BAL fluid from normal individuals and sarcoidosis patients was analyzed as noneosinophilic controls. BAL cytokine levels were compared with the cellular infiltrate and the activation state of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells as measured by the expression of IL-2 receptors (CD25), HLA-DR, and the very late activation antigen VLA-1. Beside the characteristic leukocyte infiltrate in the various lung diseases, all patients demonstrated significantly increased numbers of activated CD4 and CD8 T cells compared with normal individuals. The analysis of the cytokine profile present in BAL fluid revealed a T helper type 2 (Th2) cell cytokine pattern, with elevated IL-4 and IL-5 but normal levels of IL-2 or IFN-gamma in allergic asthma. ABPA patients demonstrated significantly increased levels of IL-4 and IL-5, with low but significantly elevated concentrations of IL-2 and IFN-gamma. In contrast, the analysis of the cytokine profile in sarcoidosis patients revealed a Th1 cell cytokine pattern characterized by increased concentrations of IL-2 and IFN-gamma but normal levels of IL-4 or IL-5. All other patient groups showed a cytokine pattern incompatible with a pure Th1 or Th2 cell response, because IL-5, IL-2, and IFN-gamma were found to be significantly increased. The BAL fluid analysis of the other, mainly non-T cell-derived cytokines and soluble receptors showed increased levels in all patients compared with normal individuals and may represent the ongoing inflammatory responses. In conclusion, whereas increased IL-4 levels were found only in diseases characterized by increased IgE production, IL-5 was elevated in all patients with increased numbers of eosinophils. The close correlation between IL-5 levels, number of eosinophils, and activated T cells further supports a role for IL-5 in causing tissue eosinophilia.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

Emergency nurses' perceived knowledge and comfort levels regarding pediatric patients.

OBJECTIVE: To assess emergency nurses' levels of preparation and education regarding pediatric patients, their levels of knowledge and comfort with specific medical conditions of these patients, and the need they perceive for special policies for pediatric patients. METHODS: Surveys were mailed to nurse managers and emergency nurses in six diverse counties, including Los Angeles and vicinity. Fifty-one nurse managers and 362 emergency nurses from 51 hospitals responded to the questionnaires. RESULTS: More than half of the emergency nurses had 6 or more years of experience; many had certificates, professional designations, and pediatric nursing education. Those with more pediatric education and those designated Pediatric Advanced Life Support, Certified Emergency Nurse, and Mobile Intensive Care Nurse reported the greatest comfort and knowledge with pediatric patients. The greatest discomfort and least knowledge were associated with neonatal emergencies, major trauma, child abuse or sexual abuse, sudden infant death syndrome, envenomation, psychiatric emergencies, meningococcemia, near-drowning, respiratory arrest, and cardiac arrest. Opinions regarding the need for special pediatric policies differed in some cases from current practice. CONCLUSION: Pediatric medical conditions associated with high nurse discomfort and low knowledge point to areas of need for specific education.

Child↗
PubMed1993

Central nervous system involvement in Leber's optic neuropathy.

Six months after the onset of visual loss a 23-year-old male patient with Leber's optic neuropathy associated with a mitochondrial DNA mutation developed brain stem involvement with Parinaud's syndrome and oculopalatal myoclonus. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) revealed a high signal area in the brain stem, corresponding to a hypodense area in the CT scan that did not show contrast enhancement. Distinct diminution but not complete remission of the MRI findings was found in the 5-year follow-up, which was not accompanied by clinical improvement. Although the MRI findings were compatible with a demyelinating lesion, neither extensive evoked potential studies nor spinal fluid examination supported this.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

[Occlusal splint therapy in reciprocal TMJ clicking. A critical observation within a follow-up study].

During post-treatment examination the effect of splint therapy on 14 temporomandibular joints (TMJ) with anterior disk displacement were examined using clinical and instrumental findings and magnet resonance imaging (MRI) to judge the therapeutical success of the treatment from an orthodontic perspective. A stable reposition of the TMJ disk was achieved in four joints, which showed no relapse over a two-year period of observation. The success of the therapy was dependent on the extent of the tissue damage to the TMJ and also on patient compliance. The MRI yielded therapeutically valuable information, which is not revealed in the clinical-instrumental analysis, on the tissue structure of the disk and the ligaments. In certain cases the use of MRI is necessary to confirm the clinical diagnosis.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1993

SDZ CO 611: a highly potent glycated analog of somatostatin with improved oral activity.

To obtain orally active octreotide (Sandostatin, SMS 201-995) analogs a new class of glycated somatostatin derivatives were synthesized by the Amadori reaction (Maillard reaction). The synthesis, chemical and biological characterization of a series of new compounds is described. These oligopeptides bind with high affinity to somatostatin receptors and retain full biological activity. Whereas generally polypeptide hormones are almost completely inactive after oral administration, we report here for the first time that these analogs show remarkably high activity by the oral route. Thus for example SDZ CO 611, the D(+)-maltose Amadori derivative of octreotide, has about 10 times higher oral effect bioavailability than octreotide while maintaining the selectivity, metabolic stability and long duration of action of the parent compound.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1992

[Space closure with T loops (Burstone)--a clinical study].

The theoretically favourable aspects of orthodontic space closure with segmented arch technique and the T-loop type A are clinically reproducible. In our study of eleven patients we found for the isolated canine retraction, as well as for the en masse retraction, controlled types of movement for the active units and maximum anchorage situations for the passive units produced by the torquing force. Because of these good anchorage conditions space closure could be done without headgear. The level of the anchorage segments was negligibly influenced but in the anterior segments a marked tilting was found in several cases. Besides other factors the intrusive force of the T-loops type A must be considered. As a rule the positioning of the T-loop between central and lateral incisor is to be recommended.

Activator Appliances↗