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Biomedical subjects

W B Greene

Publications and source records attributed to W B Greene.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1995

Electron probe microanalysis of silicon and the role of the macrophage in proximal (capsule) and distant sites in augmentation mammaplasty patients.

Electron probe x-ray microanalysis was used to locate silicon (Si) within macrophages from 12 women who had previously undergone polymer prosthesis augmentation or reconstruction. Silicon was identified within macrophages and extracellularly in all fibrous breast capsules. In four women with arthritic joint pain and one woman with sclerodermatous skin lesions, silicon also was identified within macrophages residing in joint synovium and skin, respectively. It is suggested that the silicon-laden macrophages observed in the remote lesions may have accumulated silicon from other macrophages that had previously resided in the connective-tissue capsule around the silicone breast implants.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

Bone-mineral density in children and adolescents who have spastic cerebral palsy.

Bone-mineral density was studied in a heterogeneous group of 139 children (mean age, nine years; range, three to fifteen years) who had spastic cerebral palsy. The evaluation included serum analyses and a nutritional assessment based on a dietary history and anthropometric measurements. The bone-mineral density of the proximal parts of the femora and the lumbar spine was measured with dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry and was normalized for age against a series of ninety-five normal children and adolescents who served as controls. Bone-mineral density varied greatly but averaged nearly one standard deviation below the age-matched normal means for both the proximal parts of the femora (-0.92 standard deviation) and the lumbar spine (-0.80 standard deviation). Ambulatory status was the factor that best correlated with bone-mineral density. Nutritional status, assessed on the basis of caloric intake, skinfolds, and body-mass index, was the second most significant variable. The pattern of involvement, durations of immobilization in a cast, and a calcium intake of less than 500 milligrams per day were additional factors of less significance. The age when the child first walked, previous fractures, use of anticonvulsants, and serum vitamin-D levels did not correlate with bone-mineral density after adjustment for covariance with the ambulatory status and the nutritional status. Serum levels of calcium, phosphate, alkaline phosphatase, and osteocalcin were not reliable indicators of low bone-mineral density.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1994

Synovectomy of the ankle for hemophilic arthropathy.

The results of five patients who had hemophilia and a history of recurrent hemarthrosis and hypertrophic synovitis and who had been managed with a synovectomy of the ankle were studied at an average age of nine years (range, four years and seven months to nineteen years). Compared with the complications encountered after synovectomy of the knee or the elbow, the rehabilitation process after synovectomy of the ankle was relatively easy, even for the three youngest children in this series. The average duration of follow-up was five years (range, one to nine years). By the latest follow-up examination, the range of motion of the ankle had increased an average of 10 degrees (range, -5 to 15 degrees). The rate of hemarthrosis episodes requiring transfusion was reduced from an average of 3.4 per month (range, 0.3 to 5.0 per month) for the six months before the synovectomy to 0.1 per month (range, zero to 0.2 per month) for the twelve months before the latest follow-up examination.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

Cryo-jet preservation of calcium in the rat spinal cord.

In order to determine the distribution of diffusible ions, especially calcium, in rat spinal cord axons before and after trauma, sham, 6 hours post 6 gm/cm and 20 gm/cm trauma cords were cryo-jet frozen in situ and cryo-sections were subjected to electron probe X-ray microanalysis. The results confirm part of the Ca hypothesis, i.e., some spinal cord axons accumulate intracellular Ca after traumatic injury. In addition, 6 hours after trauma, Ca is only accumulated by axons that have also lost homeostasis. Thus, it is likely that observations of the continual rise of Ca in the traumatized spinal cord are due to an increase in the number of axons that have lost homeostasis rather than an overall increase in Ca within surviving cells.

Animals↗
PubMed1994

Light microscopy techniques for the demonstration of silicone gel.

Because of the difficulty in identifying silicone gel in histologic and cytologic specimens by means of conventional light microscopy, we investigated alternative light microscopy techniques, as well as specimen staining and preparation. Specimens from six periprosthetic capsules, one silicone granuloma specimen, and one synovial biopsy specimen obtained from women with silicone breast implants were cut at 4-, 10-, 20-, and 30-microns sections, stained with a variety of common stains, and correlated with electron probe microanalysis. In addition, a commercial silicone gel and silicone gel extracted from a previously implanted silicone breast prosthesis were smeared and examined unstained or stained with Papanicolaou and Diff Quik. Silicone was noted to be refractile, nonpolarizable, and nonstainable. Thicker sections prevented silicone "dropout" during processing and increased the contrast between stained tissue and unstained silicone (negative staining). The relative ease of silicone identification was greatly increased with non-Koehler, phase contrast, and darkfield microscopy. Staining the mounting media of hematoxylin-eosin-stained sections with a nonparticulate commercial ink allowed enhanced negative staining detection of silicone gel.

Breast↗
PubMed1994

Synovial metaplasia of a periprosthetic breast capsule.

A 48-year-old woman presented for reconstruction mammoplasty 5 years after undergoing a mastectomy for breast carcinoma. She underwent tissue expansion, with subsequent placement of a permanent silicone implant, removal of the permanent implant because of asymmetry, and further tissue expansion for another attempt at permanent silicone implant placement. The periprosthetic breast capsule surrounding the initial permanent implant consisted of a lining intima, subintima, and fibrous capsule consistent with synovium on light microscopy, immunohistochemical studies, transmission electron microscopy, and scanning electron microscopy. Silicone was localized intracellularly within the lining cells and extracellularly within the fibrous capsule by electron probe microanalysis. We believe that this case represents synovial metaplasia of a periprosthetic breast capsule that was most likely induced by repeated manipulation and silicon exposure from silicone gel leakage and the prosthetic Silastic shell.

Breast↗
PubMed1994

Genu varum and genu valgum in children.

Genu varum and genu valgum are often normal developmental changes in knee alignment that occur in a young child. Measuring the child's height and understanding normal development is the key to determining which children need further evaluation for a possible skeletal or metabolic bone dysplasia.

Child, Preschool↗
PubMed1993

Endoscopic treatment of reflux: migration of Teflon to the lungs and brain.

We set out to determine experimentally whether particles of polytetrafluoroethylene migrate to the lungs and brain when relatively small volumes of Teflon paste are injected into the bladder in the manner used to correct reflux. Numerous particles of polytetrafluoroethylene were recovered from these organs within 2 weeks of injection. Those in the brain measured up to 15 microns in diameter, indicating that the pulmonary bed is an inefficient filter of particles gaining access to the venous circulation. Although clinically no adverse neurological effects have hitherto been reported, this study suggests that following the 'sting' procedure, some particles may lodge in the brain where they can block the cerebral microcirculation. We believe these findings represent a contraindication to the use of Teflon paste in children.

Animals↗
PubMed1993

Infantile tibia vara.

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Bone Diseases, Developmental↗
PubMed1993

One-stage release of congenital circumferential constriction bands.

A one-stage release of circumferential congenital constriction bands was performed in four extremities (three patients). No wound problems occurred, even when there had been marked swelling of the extremity distal to the band. The one-stage release facilitated postoperative care, and there was no need for additional periods of anesthesia or for additional operations, which are necessary when this problem is treated with a release performed in two or three stages.

Acidosis↗
PubMed1993

Infantile tibia vara.

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Bone Diseases, Developmental↗
PubMed1992

An improved cryo-jet freezing method.

A new cryo-jet freezing apparatus is described that is easy to use and gives good results using a propane-butene mixture (3:1). Our use of the freezer in the study of mouse spinal cord explant cultures is discussed. At the tissue surface, the quality of tissue preservation from freezing, followed by freeze substitution, rivals that of conventional electron microscopic methods. Certain intracellular structures are better visualized using our methods. There is no evidence of the tissue being distorted by the cryogen jet when the freezer is operated correctly. A new freeze substitution device is also discussed.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

Adolescent tibia vara: alternatives for operative treatment.

We reviewed the cases of fifteen obese patients (twenty-one extremities) who had had adolescent tibia vara and had been followed for at least two years. Of the nine patients (eleven extremities) who had been initially managed with lateral tibial hemiepiphyseodesis, eight (ten extremities) were skeletally mature at the time of the review (mean duration of follow-up, five years). The mechanical alignment was judged to be excellent in three of these ten extremities, fair in three, and poor in four. Excellent mechanical alignment was defined as a value within the reported normal range of 5 degrees of varus to 2 degrees of valgus. A poor result was defined as alignment that was more than 5 degrees outside the normal range. After secondary operative procedures, three of the extremities for which the result had been poor and one for which it had been fair had excellent alignment. Five of the nine patients had bilateral involvement. Two of them were managed with bilateral tibial hemiepiphyseodesis; two, with contralateral proximal tibial osteotomy; and one had a mild deformity on the contralateral side that was not treated. Six extremities in six patients (two of whom had a contralateral hemiepiphyseodesis) were managed primarily with proximal tibial osteotomy and were evaluated an average of seven years postoperatively. Two additional patients were managed with proximal tibial osteotomy because of residual varus deformity after the hemiepiphyseodesis.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

Displaced supracondylar humeral fractures in children. A comparison of results and costs in patients treated by skeletal traction versus percutaneous pinning.

Clinical outcome and treatment cost were compared in 65 children treated by either percutaneous pinning or skeletal traction for displaced supracondylar humeral fractures. Clinical outcome was evaluated by loss of elbow motion and change in carrying angle. Results of treatment were basically equivalent in the two groups and were satisfactory in 90% or more. To determine treatment cost, the authors analyzed factors that vary according to the type of therapy. Cost of treatment was lowest in those who had percutaneous pinning and subsequent pin removal in the office. Compared to this group, the cost of treatment increased by 23% in those who had percutaneous pinning and removal of the pins as a surgical procedure, by 117% in those treated by traction with the olecranon pin inserted in the emergency room, and by 142% in those treated by traction with the olecranon pin inserted in the operating room.

Bone Nails↗