Biomedical subjects
W B Gillette
Publications and source records attributed to W B Gillette.
Titanium endosseous implant-soft tissue interface: a literature review.
Background information about normal periodontal anatomy and titanium used in endosseous implant fabrication is provided. Literature is reviewed concerning epithelial and connective tissue attachment to titanium. Information about the adequacy of cell attachment to implants, possible mechanisms of cell attachment formation, and the effect of implant surface properties on attachment is presented. A chemical attachment between titanium implant surface oxide layer and epithelium has been demonstrated in vitro and in vivo. This attachment is mediated by a glycoprotein similar to that seen between epithelium and natural tooth surfaces. While only minimal histological evidence exists, connective tissue fibers adjacent to titanium implanted surfaces may bring the tissue in tight apposition to the implant without an absolute biologic attachment between the implant and connective tissue. Alteration of the titanium surface morphology may selectively enhance the attachment of either epithelial cells or fibroblasts, theoretically enhancing the formation of a biologic seal between the implanted titanium surface and its adjacent tissue. A greater understanding of the mechanisms of attachment and of the factors which enhance the integrity of the biologic seal between implant and soft tissues should permit an improved prognosis for functioning titanium implants.
Sodium absorption associated with oral hygiene procedures.
A two-phase study was conducted to determine if sodium is absorbed in significant amounts by the oral mucosa during use of saline solutions. If such absorption occurs, saline rinsing procedures should be contraindicated for people on sodium-restricted diets.
Gingival and bacterial plaque response to instrumentation, oral hygiene instruction and nutritional therapy.
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Periodontics. Diagnostic, prognostic and treatment planning considerations.
The periodontal disease syndromes present the practitioner with an extensive array of clinical conditions. However, by performing a careful examination and recording of findings, the clinician will provide order to this seemingly complex picture. This careful and reasoned approach is based on a logical sequence starting with clinical observations that lead to a diagnosis of the disease entity present. This correct diagnosis in turn will lead to establishment of the prognosis and the therapeutic approach. By following these precepts, the practitioner ensures a sound biologic basis for his or her efforts. The end result is the realization of the goal of dental therapy that her is for the patient to maintain dentition in health, comfort, and function for a lifetime and minimize the potential for urgent periodontal needs.
Effect of a local germicide on the occurrence of bacteremia during subgingival scaling.
The purpose of this investigation was to determine the effectiveness of irrigating periodontal pockets with povidone-iodine in reducing the incidence of bacteremia found during subgingival scaling. Twenty male patients requiring subgingival scaling had the following factors recorded on two contralateral groups of three posterior teeth: age, race, mean pocket depth, mobility, and scores of gingival, plaque, calculus, bleeding indices. In control areas, 5 ml blood samples were taken before, during and after scaling through an in dwelling Minicath. In experimental areas, the patients first rinsed with a povidone-iodine mouthwash for 1 minute, and the teeth then received a 3-minute sulcus irrigation with 10% povidone-iodine. Blood samples were taken as with the controls, and also 2 minutes after the irrigation. Blood samples were anaerobically cultured, and isolates were classified by Gram staining and cellular morphology. No significant difference in factors between control and experimental areas was noted. All preoperative blood cultures, including those taken 2 minutes after irrigation, were negative. In the 11 patients (55%0 who showed positive cultures during the scaling, cultures were positive in both control and experimental areas. None of the preoperatively recorded factors in either control or experimental ares were significantly correlated with the occurrence of bacteremia. Local degerming by mouthrinsing and sulcus irrigation with povidone-iodine prior to subgingival scaling seems neither to increase nor decrease the incidence of bacteremia.
Ill effects of improper oral hygeine procedure.
Improper use of the tools that prevent tooth decay and gingival disease can also produce harmful effects. For example, dental floss can cause inflammation; toothbrushes could cause abscesses; and water-irrigation devices might drive foreign material into soft tissue. This report discusses the effects of incorrect oral hygiene, the signs the practioner should notice, and the proper corrective steps. Although effective oral hygiene is essential for the maintenance of healthy teeth and supporting tissues, analysis of the literature and clinical observation suggested that six problem areas may be associated with common oral hygiene measures. --Overly vigorous toothbrushing or using the wrong type of brush for the technique often leads to cervical tooth abrasion, gingival irritation, and gingival recession, or all of these problems. --Uncontrolled or overly vigorous dental flossing may lead to irritation, ulceration, or defects of the gingiva. Proximal root surfaces are rarely abraded. --Dentifrices, mouthwashes, and chewing gum may elicit allergic or toxic reactions in susceptible persons. These reactions take a variety of traumatic injuries, especially if used at high pressure. Perhaps, detailed individual instruction should be given by dental personnel before use. --Abscess of gingival tissues may occur from implantation of fragments of such oral hygiene aids as toothbrush bristles and toothpicks. --Bacteria may enter the bloodstream during certain oral hygiene measures, especially in patients with advanced chronic gingival disease. The rate of occurrence is unknown because of conflicting results in different studies. These bacteremias are of concern to patients who have rheumatic heart disease, prosthetic heart valves, prosthetic joints, and renal dialysis shunts, or fistulas used in renal dialysis. A classification of oral hygiene-caused disorders is proposed, based on the injury and the causative agent.
Effect of postmortem tissue fixation on tooth mobility and pocket depth in human beings.
With the exception of dry skulls, postmortem human material is rarely used in the study of periodontal disease. If the relationship between clinical periodontal measurements, such as mobility and pocket depth, were known antemortem versus postmortem, a new source of information would be available. In this study, such measurements were performed on a patient whose mandible was resected because of a malignant condition. Mobility was found to have decreased; pocket depths initially increased, and then returned to nearly preoperative levels.
Local dental programs supported by the taxpayer. 1. Scope of the system.
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Book review. Essentials of periodontology and periodontics, by Torquil MacPhee and Geoffrey Cowley.
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Cast-aluminum dental prostheses.
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Dialog. A double-blind clinical study of dialog, darvon and a placebo in the management of postoperative dental pain.
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Ethylene oxide sterilization in dentistry.
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Chairside safety for periodontists.
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The use of chlorhexidine and other antimicrobials in periodontal therapy.
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Updating dental treatment procedures.
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