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Biomedical subjects

W Atkinson

Publications and source records attributed to W Atkinson.

27 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1986

Field trial of oral cholera vaccines in Bangladesh.

The protective efficacy of oral B subunit killed whole-cell (BS-WC) and killed whole-cell (WC) cholera vaccines was assessed in 63 498 Bangladeshi children aged 2-15 years and women aged over 15 years. Each received three doses of BS-WC, WC, or placebo in a randomised, double-blinded fashion. Surveillance for cases seeking medical care up to six months after the third dose revealed 26 cases of confirmed cholera in the placebo group, 4 cases in the BS-WC group (protective efficacy 85%; p less than 0.0001), and 11 cases in the WC group (protective efficacy 58%; p less than 0.01). For each vaccine protective efficacy was consistent in different age-groups (2-10 years versus greater than 10 years) and for different severities of cholera.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1983

Hyperthermia with implanted electrodes: in vitro and in vivo correlations.

Hyperthermia as a treatment for cancer has elicited much recent interest. However, major difficulties persist both in the technology for heating deep-seated tumors, and in thermal dosimetry. We have investigated a heating technique for deep-seated neoplasms that employs an internal implanted electrode and an external electrode to apply radiofrequency current to a tumor mass. The internal electrode consists of an array of stainless steel needles or wires which define a Faraday cage within the tumor, while the external electrode consists of a variety of electrical conductors at the skin surface. Phantom measurements have closely reproduced calculated temperature distributions. The temperature profiles within the volume enclosed by the internal electrode show relatively homogenous heating. Temperature measurements in a rat tumor model have demonstrated that significant heating within such an internal electrode array is easily obtained. The heating may extend some centimeters outside the electrode. Using a dog model we have shown that with such a treatment technique the temperature profiles obtained are reproducible both spatially and temporally. A case report of a clinical application is presented. A 5 cm bronchogenic carcinoma was easily heated without significant heating of the surrounding normal lung, and without apparent toxicity. Such a technique may be applicable to a variety of operable but unresectable neoplasms. The reproducibility and relative homogeneity of heating suggest possible usefulness in combined modality trials.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1977

Acne treatment: a comparative efficacy trial of clindamycin and tetracycline.

Tetracycline was compared to clindamycin as adjunctive therapy in the treatment of moderate to moderately severe acne under double-blind controlled conditions. Both antibiotics were efficacious and differences were not appreciable. Lesion counts of both comedones and pustules were reduced and clinical improvement was noted in the majority of subjects. Side effects were not a problem. The place of clindamycin in the therapeutic armamentarium of the dermatologist is discussed.

Acne Vulgaris↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Spectrum of Cryptococcus neoformans infection in 68 patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus.

Sixty-eight patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and Cryptococcus neoformans who presented to three major medical centers in New Orleans, Louisiana, were studied retrospectively. In patients with meningitis the most common presenting symptoms were fever and headache. Those without central nervous system involvement generally had an isolated pulmonary infection due to C. neoformans and presented with cough and dyspnea. CSF parameters were abnormal in 41% of patients, and the India ink preparation was positive in 88% of patients with cultures of CSF positive for C. neoformans. The overall median survival time for the 47 patients who died was 5 months, with a range of 0-22 months. Of the 27 patients who received maintenance therapy with amphotericin B, two (7%) relapsed. The only factors found to be associated with a poor prognosis were abnormal computed tomography of the head and altered mental status on presentation. C. neoformans infections in HIV-infected patients remain difficult to treat and have a poor prognosis.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗