Biomedical subjects
W Arnold
Publications and source records attributed to W Arnold.
[Comments on the work of Bundschuh, G., and Madry, M.: "atwp-mutants in an albino mouse subtype (AB/Hum-1)," Z. Versuchtierkd. 1988; 31: 249-254].
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["Sense and nonsense in non-surgical gallstone treatment"].
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[Experience with the reintroduction of the Sauerbruch-Lebsche operation (Sauerbruch's kineplasty)].
We have initiated the kineplasty to Sauerbruch in our clinic again. 5 patients are operated up to now. This 5 patients have one middle long and three short forearm stumps respectively one middle long upper-arm stump. One patient had a shoulder exarticulation on the contralateral side. In the first case we performed a forearm channel and in the four other cases a biceps channel. All channels have a good stroke, so the patients can have an active and cosmetic very good prosthesis with very good functional results. We ask for presentation of patients with indication to kineplasty to Sauerbruch.
Spontaneous Hymenolepis nana infection in a breeding colony of nude mice.
The spontaneous occurrence of a parasitic infection with the dwarf tapeworm Hymenolepis nana is nude mice was observed under conventional conditions. Clinical, pathological and histological observations are described.
[Follow-up of unclear disease presentations in internal medicine].
A retrospective analysis of 11,147 case notes of admissions to the medical department of a general hospital in Bremen in 1983-1985 revealed that, despite intensive diagnostic measures, the diagnosis remained in doubt on discharge in 172 patients. In this group the most common disease pictures were feverish infection, syncope, chronic pain, unclear inflammatory disease and unclear haematological changes. The mean hospital stay of 23.2 days was significantly longer than the mean duration for all patients (15.4 d). Of 139 patients without acute infection 124 were followed-up for a period of 13.7 +/- 6.5 months after discharge. Among these 124 patients 71 (57.3%) felt well or improved, 5 (4%) had got worse, no change had occurred in 18 (14.4%) and 30 (24.2%) had died. A definitive diagnosis was made during the follow-up period in 23 (18.5%), but in only seven did this lead to treatment which brought about improvement.
DNA sequence and genetic analysis of the Rhodobacter capsulatus nifENX gene region: homology between NifX and NifB suggests involvement of NifX in processing of the iron-molybdenum cofactor.
Rhodobacter capsulatus genes homologous to Klebsiella pneumoniae nifE, nifN and nifX were identified by DNA sequence analysis of a 4282 bp fragment of nif region A. Four open reading frames coding for a 51,188 (NifE), a 49,459 (NifN), a 17,459 (NifX) and a 17,472 (ORF4) dalton protein were detected. A typical NifA activated consensus promoter and two imperfect putative NifA binding sites were located in the 377 bp sequence in front of the nifE coding region. Comparison of the deduced amino acid sequences of R. capsulatus NifE and NifN revealed homologies not only to analogous gene products of other organisms but also to the alpha and beta subunits of the nitrogenase iron-molybdenum protein. In addition, the R. capsulatus nifE and nifN proteins shared considerable homology with each other. The map position of nifX downstream of nifEN corresponded in R. capsulatus and K. pneumoniae and the deduced molecular weights of both proteins were nearly identical. Nevertheless, R. capsulatus NifX was more related to the C-terminal end of NifY from K. pneumoniae than to NifX. A small domain of approximately 33 amino acid residues showing the highest degree of homology between NifY and NifX was also present in all nifB proteins analyzed so far. This homology indicated an evolutionary relationship of nifX, nifY and nifB and also suggested that NifX and NifY might play a role in maturation and/or stability of the iron-molybdenum cofactor. The open reading frame (ORF4) downstream of nifX in R. capsulatus is also present in Azotobacter vinelandii but not in K. pneumoniae.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
On the evolution of Tn21-like multiresistance transposons: sequence analysis of the gene (aacC1) for gentamicin acetyltransferase-3-I(AAC(3)-I), another member of the Tn21-based expression cassette.
The aminoglycoside-3-O-acetyltransferase-I gene (aacC1) from R plasmids of two incompatibility groups (R1033 [Tn1696], and R135) was cloned and sequenced. In the case of R1033, it was shown that the aacC gene is coded by a precise insertion of 833 bp between the aadA promoter and its structural gene in a Tn21 related transposon (Tn1696). This insertion occurs at the same target sequence as that of the OXA-1 beta-lactamase gene insertion in Tn2603. Upstream of the aacC gene, we found an open reading frame (ORF) which is probably implicated in the site-specific recombinational events involved in the evolution of this family of genetic elements. These results provide additional confirmation of the role of Tn21 elements as naturally occurring interspecific transposition and expression cassettes.
Extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy in a renal transplant patient.
We report a case of nephrolithiasis in a transplanted kidney that was treated successfully with extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy. The patient experienced transient partial obstruction after lithotripsy and, thus, intense monitoring of the transplant patient is necessary.
[Immunoreactive somatostatin in the peripheral olfactory system and nasal mucosa of the human].
Immunohistochemically, the cyclic retradecapeptide somatostatin was demonstrated in periglomerular cells and fibres of the glomerular layer (Fig. 3) of the human olfactory bulb as well as in the superficial granule layer and fibres (Fig. 2) of the olfactory tract. Additionally, somatostatin was found in endothelial cells of subepithelial arterioles and capillaries of the regio olfactoria (Fig. 4a, b) and superior turbinate. We assume that somatostatin has a paracrine transmitter function in the peripheral olfactory system and a regulative function on the blood flow of the superior nasal mucosa.
Subcellular distribution of the 1,4-dihydropyridine receptor in rabbit skeletal muscle in situ: an immunofluorescence and immunocolloidal gold-labeling study.
The subcellular distribution of the 1,4-dihydropyridine receptor was determined in rabbit skeletal muscle in situ by immunofluorescence and immunoelectron microscopy. Longitudinal and transverse cryosections (5-8 microns) of rabbit gracilis muscle were labeled with monoclonal antibodies specific against either the alpha 1-subunit (170,000-D polypeptide) or the beta-subunit (52,000-D polypeptide) of the 1,4-dihydropyridine receptor by immunofluorescence labeling. In longitudinal sections, specific labeling was present only near the interface between the A- and I-band regions of the sarcomeres. In transverse sections, specific labeling showed a hexagonal staining pattern within each myofiber however, the relative staining intensity of the type II (fast) fibers was judged to be three- to fourfold higher than that of the type I (slow) fibers. Specific immunofluorescence labeling of the sarcolemma was not observed in either longitudinal or transverse sections. These results are consistent with the idea that the alpha 1-subunit and the beta-subunit of the purified 1,4-dihydropyridine receptor are densely distributed in the transverse tubular membrane. Immunoelectron microscopical localization with a monoclonal antibody to the alpha 1-subunit of the 1,4-dihydropyridine receptor showed that the 1,4-dihydropyridine receptor is densely distributed in the transverse tubular membrane. Approximately half of these were distributed in close proximity to the junctional region between the transverse tubules and the terminal cisternae. Specific labeling was also present in discrete foci in the subsarcolemmal region of the myofibers. The size and the nonrandom distribution of these foci in the subsarcolemmal region support the possibility that they correspond to invaginations from the sarcolemma called caveolae. In conclusion, our results demonstrate that the 1,4-dihydropyridine receptor in skeletal muscle is localized to the transverse tubular membrane and discrete foci in the subsarcolemmal region, possibly caveolae but absent from the lateral portion of the sarcolemma.
Preparation of human temporal bone for immunohistochemical investigation.
Successful treatment of progressive sensorineural hearing loss with corticosteroids and cyclophosphamide has promoted the notion of a new entity 'autoimmune hearing loss'. In this context, we have examined sera of patients suffering from idiopathic sensorineural hearing loss, in order to study the binding of humoral antibodies to structures of the normal human inner ear. Investigations were carried out with indirect fluorescence techniques on temporal bones obtained at autopsy. To minimize the possibility of artifacts, we suggested that indirect immunofluorescence with the patients' sera should yield a reproducible positivity on sections of at least three normal temporal bones. In this study, we describe a method for removal and preparation of human temporal bone which ensures reproducible immunohistochemical results.
Localization of the integral membrane glycoprotein synaptophysin and the surface glycoprotein Egp-34 in the embryonic and adult human inner ear.
By using well-defined monoclonal antibodies, the distribution of synaptophysin and the glycoprotein Egp-34, the first of its kind, was analyzed immunohistochemically in the fetal and the adult human inner ear. In fetal labyrinths, a distinct immunoreactivity for synaptophysin occurred in the apical region of both outer and inner hair cells as well as in nerve terminals adjacent to both cochlear and vestibular hair cells. In adult hair cells, immunoreactivity was found throughout the cytoplasm. Synaptophysin may act as an important calcium binding protein in the sensory transduction of hair cells. A selective expression of Egp-34 was found in the area of marginal and intermediate cell infoldings in the stria vascularis. A similar localization pattern was found for a number of membrane transport enzymes. The glycoprotein Egp-34 is probably of importance for the active mechanisms regulating the homeostasis of endolymph.
Structural basis for an isometric contraction of human outer hair cells.
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Supporting and membrane structures of human outer hair cells: evidence for an isometric contraction.
The supporting elements of the human organ of Corti express a number of cytokeratins, and it is obvious that the presence of cytokeratins provides mechanical stability to the framework of the entire organ of Corti. In the basal part of the outer hair cells and in the apical part of the Deiters cells, there is a significant expression of actin. In the human outer hair cells, the system of subsurface cisterns is not only restricted to the lateral cell wall but is also continuous to the basal region where the hair cells are closely attached to the supporting Deiters cells. In contrast to the well-known organization of the subsurface cisterns and pillar structures at the lateral outer hair cell wall of rodents, the pillars at the base of human outer hair cells can form channels. These channels allow a direct communication between the lumen of the subsurface cisterns and the intercellular space which separates outer hair cells and Deiters cells. At the apical part of the Deiters cells, a condensation of microfilaments is present which displays morphological similarities to actin fibers. These well-organized structural configurations between outer hair cells and Deiters cells imply that this region has special contractile properties. The human outer hair cells are therefore firmly stabilized not merely apically but also at the cell base, a situation which would permit a mainly isometric contraction under in vivo physiological conditions.
Results of comparative determination of morphine in human hair using RIA and GC/MS.
Results of radioimmunological and mass-spectrometric tests for morphine in human hair samples, conducted independently in two separate laboratories, were compared. A large degree of qualitative and quantitative parity was observed for the two methods at morphine levels above 1000 micrograms/kg. Due to the variation of results at levels below 1000 micrograms/kg, more GC-MS tests are necessary as a safeguard. Additional GC/MS analyses of the same samples showed that discrepancies between the results of the two methods are not necessarily due to a variable response to the analyte. The results of the GC/MS examinations showed that it is also possible to distinguish between heroin and codeine addicts.
Recent advances in otitis media. Anatomy, cell biology, and pathology.
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Critical valuation of the subrenal capsule (SRC) assay and its use in experimental therapy.
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