Biomedical subjects

W Adefris

Publications and source records attributed to W Adefris.

3 recordsLinked to original sources

PubMed1993

The risk of sexually transmitted diseases in human immunodeficiency virus-infected parturients.

OBJECTIVE: We assessed the prevalence of and defined the relationship between other sexually transmitted diseases and human immunodeficiency virus infection. STUDY DESIGN: We performed a case-control study among 121 human immunodeficiency virus-infected and 222 randomly selected seronegative parturient women. These women were identified from a prenatal population undergoing routine voluntary antibody screening in a large urban hospital in the southeastern United States. RESULTS: During the 24-month study period, 16,868 women consented to human immunodeficiency virus antibody screening; 121 (7.2/1000) were infected with human immunodeficiency virus. Cases were significantly more likely than controls to be infected with at least one sexually transmitted disease during pregnancy (48% vs 21%; odds ratio 3.4, 95% confidence interval 2.1 to 5.7). The prevalence of Chlamydia trachomatis and hepatitis B infection did not differ significantly among the groups. Cases were significantly more likely than controls to be infected with Treponema pallidum (29% vs 4%; odds ratio 9.6, 95% confidence interval 4.2 to 22.4). This relationship persisted after we controlled for confounding risk factors (odds ratio 9.2, 95% confidence interval 2.1 to 13.3). In addition, cases were significantly more likely than controls to be infected with Neisseria gonorrhoeae (17.2% vs 4%; odds ratio 5.2, 95% confidence interval 2.1 to 13.3). This relationship also persisted after we controlled for confounders (odds ratio 3.7, 95% confidence interval 1.4 to 10.0). CONCLUSION: Human immunodeficiency virus-infected parturient women in our center are at substantial risk of having other sexually transmitted diseases.

Adult↗

PubMed1991

Determinants of acceptance of routine voluntary human immunodeficiency virus testing in an inner-city prenatal population.

Routine voluntary prenatal human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) counseling and testing offer the opportunity to encourage reduction of high-risk behaviors among uninfected women and to identify those women with asymptomatic HIV infection. To characterize the determinants of acceptance of routinely offered and encouraged HIV testing in inner-city parturients in Atlanta, we identified two groups of women, one that declined HIV testing and another that accepted testing. Each group was asked to complete a questionnaire designed to assess the effectiveness of pre-test counseling. During the 7-month study period, 4731 women registered for prenatal care and 4574 (97%) consented to HIV testing. Nearly all women stated that they were not pressured into having HIV testing performed. Women who accepted HIV testing were more likely to be young, black, and single (P less than .001) and less likely to have received education beyond high school (P less than .05). More accepters than decliners thought the HIV counseling session was valuable (97 versus 91%; P = .04); 55% of accepters agreed to antibody testing because of concern about the risk of transmitting HIV infection to their fetus or infant. More accepters than decliners indicated a willingness to have HIV testing in a future pregnancy (74 versus 33%; P less than .001). These data suggest that most inner-city parturients in our institution view routine voluntary HIV counseling as a valuable component of their prenatal care.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1976

Encoding-imagery specificity in alcohol state-dependent learning.

A free-recall procedure demonstrated state-dependent learning using alcohol. Tests of long-term memory showed that both high- and low-imagery words were less likely to be recalled if stored while intoxicated rather than under sober conditions. However, information encoded and stored while intoxicated was more effectively retrieved when later tests of recall were performed while intoxicated, as compared to recall accomplished in the sober state. This dissociative recall effect was far more robust with low-imagery than with high-imagery words.

Adult↗