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Biomedical subjects

W A Read

Publications and source records attributed to W A Read.

11 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2003

Development and application of an LC-MS method to determine possible migration of mercaptobenzothiazole, benzothiazole and related vulcanization residues from rubber used in contact with food and drink.

A method was developed for the analysis of food and drink for residues of specific vulcanization accelerators used to cross-link rubber. The method was applied to the analysis of 236 samples of selected retail foodstuffs that may have been in contact with rubber during their manufacture, transport and storage. The method of analysis involved extraction of the food using acidified solvent and analysis by liquid chromatography/atmospheric pressure chemical ionization-mass spectrometry (LC-APcI-MS). The detection limit depended on the sample type and was in the range 0.005-0.043 mg kg(-1) for 2-mercaptobenzothiazole (MBT) and benzothiazole (BT). The average analytical recovery rate was 82% for MBT and 87% for BT. The analytical method was validated using a blind check sample exercise. For MBT and BT at seven different concentrations in the range 0.1-0.2 mg kg(-1), the laboratory found a mean of 91 and 90% of the expected concentrations, respectively. No trace of MBT or BT was found in any of the retail samples. It is also concluded that no sample contained significant 2-mercaptobenzothiazyl disulphide (MBTS) or N- cyclohexyl-2-benzothiazole sulphenamide (CBS). Both MBTS and CBS are important accelerators used to vulcanize rubber and they break down in foodstuffs to form MBT and BT. The absence of MBT and BT in the foodstuffs therefore also provides proof of the absence of MBTS and CBS.

Benzothiazoles↗
PubMed1986

New trends in hospital-based services for the elderly.

What types of long-term care services are hospitals providing for the elderly? An American Hospital Association survey reveals the types of services hospitals currently provide, including specialized geriatric programs, and what services they are likely to provide in the future.

Aged↗
PubMed1978

Dental examinations for quality control: peer review versus self-assessment.

This paper reports the dental care norms for restorative dentistry collected from examinations of 1,466 patients in 105 dental offices in Washington State during 1976. These results are part of a larger study, "Assessment of Care and Continuing Dental Education," being conducted by the University of Washington with the endorsement and cooperation of the Washington State Dental Association. Treatments in volunteer offices were evaluated either by colleagues (peer review) or by the practitioner himself (self-assessment). Two hundred twenty-four of 1,196 eligible dentists volunteered for the study. Patients from the practitioners' offices were randomly selected from office files by project staff. The study tests the proposition that, using standardized clinical evaluation procedures and comparable samples of treatment, dentists will be more critical of their own work than that of others. Results suggest a generally high level of care provided by volunteer practitioners and that self-assessments were significantly more critical than peer review.

Dental Care↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Levels of di-(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate and total phthalate esters in milk, cream, butter and cheese.

Di-(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate (DEHP) and total phthalate ester plasticizer levels were determined in milk, cream, butter and cheese samples from a variety of sources from three European countries (UK, Norway and Spain). Samples of milk (from Norway) obtained at various stages during collection, transportation and packaging operations showed no apparent trends in phthalate contamination with total phthalate levels (expressed as DEHP equivalents) in the raw milk of between 0.12 and 0.28 mg/kg. On processing the DEHP was concentrated in the cream at levels up to 1.93 mg/kg, whereas low fat milk contained from < 0.01 to 0.07 mg/kg. Retail dairy products (from Spain) were contaminated with < 0.01-0.55 mg/kg DEHP with a maximum total phthalate level of 3.0 mg/kg in cream samples. UK pooled milk samples from doorstep delivery (obtained from different regions of the country) contained low levels of DEHP (< 0.01-0.09 mg/kg) and total phthalate (0.06-0.32 mg/kg). Retail UK samples of cheese, butter and other fatty products varied considerably in their levels of contamination, the highest being cheese samples containing 17 mg/kg of DEHP and 114 mg/kg total phthalate. However, the majority of samples contained 0.6-3.0 mg/kg DEHP and 4-20 mg/kg total phthalate. UK cream samples contained levels of 0.2-2.7 mg/kg DEHP and 1.8-19.0 mg/kg total phthalate. The level found in these products was too high to have resulted solely from milk by concentration in the fat phase and must therefore have arisen in other ways.

Animals↗