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Biomedical subjects

W A Cutting

Publications and source records attributed to W A Cutting.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1995

How to do it. Participate in an international conference.

Attending an international conference should be instructive and fun. But it can also be alarming and lonely. Although participating in scientific conferences is now almost essential to medical career development, no medical school describes how to make the most of the opportunity as part of its curriculum. Here are some hints on how to get yourself organised so that the experience can be both scientifically productive and enjoyable. In essence, you should travel, see places, meet people, make friends, and identify one or two ideas that you can apply in your own work or research.

Congresses as Topic↗
PubMed1995

A preliminary evaluation of the cognitive and motor effects of pediatric HIV infection in Zairian children.

Fourteen asymptomatic HIV-infected Zairian children under 2 years of age displayed social and motor developmental deficits on the Denver Developmental Screening Test when compared with 20 HIV-negative cohorts born to HIV-infected mothers and 16 control children. In a second study, 11 infected children over 2 years of age had sequential motor and visual-spatial memory deficits on the Kaufman Assessment Battery for Children and motor development deficits on the Early Childhood Screening Profiles. HIV infection affects central nervous system structures mediating motor and spatial memory development, even in seemingly asymptomatic children. Furthermore, maternal HIV infection compromises the labor-intensive provision of care in the African milieu and undermines global cognitive development in even uninfected children.

AIDS Dementia Complex↗
PubMed1994

Breast-feeding and HIV--a balance of risks.

HIV-1 infection may be transmitted by breast-feeding. The risk of vertical transmission varies with the stage of maternal infection, but is 29 per cent if a mother acquires infection during lactation. The risk of infant death by not breast-feeding in a poor and contaminated environment is greater than the risk of HIV-infection when an HIV-positive mother breast-feeds. Vertical transmission can be reduced if women avoid high risk activities during pregnancy and especially lactation.

Africa↗
PubMed1993

AIDS in Africa.

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1993

Rapid HIV tests.

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

AIDS Serodiagnosis↗
PubMed1993

Osmotic production of sterile oral rehydration solutions--an economic, low-technology method.

A sterile oral rehydration solution can be produced by immersing in water a semi-permeable cellulose tube containing glucose and salts. Osmotically-driven ultrafiltration excludes all microbes and particulate matter even when the immersion water contains 45 x 10(6) cfu/ml of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, 25 x 10(7) cfu/ml of Staphylococcus aureus or 20 x 10(7) cfu/ml of Escherichia coli. Solutions of consistent composition can be obtained by having a standard amount of glucose-electrolytes in a cellulose tube of appropriate dimensions and immersing this in a fixed volume of water for a minimum period of time. The method is simple, inexpensive, low-technology and requires no external source of power. It has potential for producing sterile solutions for injections and intravenous use in situations with very limited and simple resources, in emergencies and during natural disasters. Further studies are now needed to determine whether the method can be adapted to provide the large quantities of oral rehydration fluid needed in field conditions.

Humans↗
PubMed1993

Effect of a maltodextrin-electrolyte, a maltodextrin-nutrient-electrolyte and a standard electrolyte solution on water and electrolyte fluxes in the secreting rat intestine.

The effects of a maltodextrin (dextrose equivalent 12)-electrolyte solution and a maltodextrin-electrolyte solution with added nutrients on net water and electrolyte transport in the secreting rat intestine was compared with the citrate-World Health Organization oral rehydration solution to determine the need for a clinical trial to evaluate the efficacy of these maltodextrin solutions in acute diarrhoea treatment. Cholera toxin consistently produced net water secretion (-36.5 +/- 9.9 mean +/- SEM microliter/min/g dry weight of intestine). All three solutions reversed the cholera toxin-induced net intestinal water secretion to net absorption. Significantly greater net water absorption occurred from the maltodextrin-electrolyte solution compared to the World Health Organization solution (P < 0.05) but not when compared to the maltodextrin-electrolyte-nutrient solution. Net sodium, potassium and chloride fluxes due to the World Health Organization-solution were not significantly different from the maltodextrin-electrolyte solution. These data provide a rationale for initiating a clinical trial.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

Lymphadenopathy and hepatosplenomegaly in the 1st year in children infected by HIV-1 in Zaire.

The children of 50 women positive for antibody to human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) and 42 children of antibody-negative mothers were examined for lymphadenopathy and hepatosplenomegaly at 3-month intervals during the 1st year of life. Lymphadenopathy was found to be significantly more frequent at 6 months (p less than 0.01), 9 months (p less than 0.001) and 12 months (p less than 0.01) in children who were subsequently shown to be infected with HIV-1. Hepatomegaly was seen more frequently (p less than 0.05) in the 1st year in HIV-1-infected children than in uninfected children. Splenomegaly was not more frequent in HIV-1-infected children in this area which is holoendemic for falciparum malaria.

AIDS Serodiagnosis↗
PubMed1992

How many bloods will a 'HIVCHEK' check? Multiple tests for HIV antibody for a single screening kit.

Detection of HIV infection in blood donors or populations is usually by testing sera for antibodies to HIV-1 and HIV-2. Screening tests are now highly sensitive and specific, but still expensive and scarce in Africa. We tested the commercially available kits 'HIVCHEK 1 + 2' in two field laboratories, on specimens from blood donors and antenatal women in rural Zaire. We describe a method of using one test kit for up to five serum samples, saving money and time. In 491 antenatal mothers in Eastern Zaire, among whom the HIV seroprevalence was 3.3%, we compared 'HIVCHEK' results with results obtained by ELISA and Western blot. The 'HIVCHEK' multiple-sample method had a sensitivity of 82% and a specificity of 99.6%. In an area with an HIV seroprevalence of < 4%, using 'HIVCHEK' by the multiple sample method would lead to a saving of about 2,400 pounds for every 1000 individuals tested.

AIDS Serodiagnosis↗