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W A Cunningham

Publications and source records attributed to W A Cunningham.

4 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2001

Implicit attitude measures: consistency, stability, and convergent validity.

In recent years, several techniques have been developed to measure implicit social cognition. Despite their increased use, little attention has been devoted to their reliability and validity. This article undertakes a direct assessment of the interitem consistency, stability, and convergent validity of some implicit attitude measures. Attitudes toward blacks and whites were measured on four separate occasions, each 2 weeks apart, using three relatively implicit measures (response-window evaluative priming, the Implicit Association Test, and the response-window Implicit Association Test) and one explicit measure (Modern Racism Scale). After correcting for interitem inconsistency with latent variable analyses, we found that (a) stability indices improved and (b) implicit measures were substantially correlated with each other, forming a single latent factor. The psychometric properties of response-latency implicit measures have greater integrity than recently suggested.

Adult↗
PubMed2000

Performance on indirect measures of race evaluation predicts amygdala activation.

We used fMRI to explore the neural substrates involved in the unconscious evaluation of Black and White social groups. Specifically, we focused on the amygdala, a subcortical structure known to play a role in emotional learning and evaluation. In Experiment 1, White American subjects observed faces of unfamiliar Black and White males. The strength of amygdala activation to Black-versus-White faces was correlated with two indirect (unconscious) measures of race evaluation (Implicit Association Test [IAT] and potentiated startle), but not with the direct (conscious) expression of race attitudes. In Experiment 2, these patterns were not obtained when the stimulus faces belonged to familiar and positively regarded Black and White individuals. Together, these results suggest that amygdala and behavioral responses to Black-versus-White faces in White subjects reflect cultural evaluations of social groups modified by individual experience.

Black or African American↗
PubMed1992

Stockless inventory systems for the health care provider: three successful applications.

Three large hospital-based stockless inventory systems are described. First, the method of stockless inventory is described in some detail and differentiated from the just-in-time (JIT) method of inventory management. Second, three hospital case studies involving successful stockless systems are summarized and evaluated. Finally, some important implications for the implementation of stockless inventory systems are summarized for hospital management.

Contract Services↗