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Biomedical subjects

W A Cumming

Publications and source records attributed to W A Cumming.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1997

An approach for the estimation of effective radiation dose at CT in pediatric patients.

PURPOSE: To estimate the effective radiation dose to pediatric and adult patients at head and abdomen computed tomography (CT). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Cylindrical water-equivalent phantoms were modeled for patients aged newborn to adult, and the energy imparted per unit axial exposure was computed. To determine the energy imparted to the simulated patients of different ages undergoing head and abdomen CT examinations, x-ray technique factors were combined with measured CT axial exposures. Body-region-specific ratios were calculated for effective dose per unit energy imparted, and these ratios were corrected for patient mass to obtain the effective dose to simulated patients. RESULTS: With use of standard techniques, the energy imparted to simulated patients at CT always increased with patient size, but the effective dose was higher in children than in adults. At CT in the head and abdomen, effective doses were highest in newborns. Effective doses ranged from 1.5 to 6.0 mSv in head CT examinations and from 3.1 to 5.3 mSv in abdomen CT examinations. CONCLUSION: The values for energy imparted at CT in pediatric patients were generally lower than in adults. The smaller mass of children, however, caused the corresponding effective doses to be higher than those in adults undergoing similar CT examinations.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1996

Supraglottic airway infections.

Supraglottic infections are included among the more serious pediatric infections, although they are less common than other pediatric respiratory infections. Supraglottic infections include epiglottis (supraglottitis), retropharyngeal cellulitis, retropharyngeal abscess, and peritonsillar abscess. A high index of suspicion combined with rapid diagnosis and treatment are crucial to reducing the morbidity and mortality associated with these infections. A review of these infections, including diagnosis and treatment, is presented.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1996

Mottle on computed radiographs of the chest in pediatric patients.

PURPOSE: To investigate the relationship between radiation exposure and perceived mottle at bedside pediatric chest examinations performed with screen-film and computed radiographic techniques. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In a pediatric intensive care unit, chest radiographs were obtained with both computed radiography (60 radiographs) and a 600-speed screen-film system (14 radiographs). The relative radiation exposure was estimated by using the sensitivity value obtained in the processing of each computed radiograph. Five radiologists assessed the mottle present in the computed radiographs and screen-film images. RESULTS: For computed radiographs, the perceived level of mottle was inversely related to radiation exposure. For the same radiation exposure, the perceived mottle on computed radiographs was significantly higher than that on screen-film images (P < .001 for small cassettes; P < .01 for large cassettes). CONCLUSION: Pediatric computed radiography of the chest requires approximately twice the exposure of a 600-speed screen-film system to attain the same level of mottle.

Child↗
PubMed1996

Neonatal gastrointestinal imaging.

As an aid to practicing neonatologists, the many gastrointestinal anomalies and diseases found in neonates are discussed with regard to choosing the most efficient and appropriate imaging modalities in each. The discussion is organized under anatomical headings: esophagus, stomach, small bowel, colon, liver, and miscellaneous. Nine representative images are included as illustrations. There is a brief discussion of umbilical arterial and venous catheters.

Catheterization, Peripheral↗
PubMed1994

Torsion of the spleen: an unusual presentation of congenital diaphragmatic hernia.

We describe an unusual case of congenital diaphragmatic hernia in a 6-week-old boy who presented with severe respiratory distress due to torsion of the spleen which had passed up into the chest through a Bochdalek hernia and caused a left hemothorax. Scintigraphy with heat-damaged red cells was diagnostic by showing a damaged but functioning spleen above the diaphragm. Surgical repair and return of the spleen to the abdomen resulted in complete recovery.

Hemothorax↗
PubMed1994

Posterior hepatodiaphragmatic interposition of the colon complicated by appendicitis.

Posterior hepatodiaphragmatic interposition is a rare malposition of the cecum that persists over time but is usually of little or no clinical importance. However, when inflammation occurs in the appendix, the symptoms and signs are those of subphrenic disease rather than abdominal disease and may be misleading to the attending physicians. Radiologists should report the presence of anterior and posterior hepatodiaphragmatic interposition and should differentiate between the two.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

Ductus arteriosus aneurysm: an unusual mediastinal mass.

The following is a case report of a ductus arteriosus aneurysm in a newborn. Its various appearance on different imaging modalities, including chest x-ray, computed tomography scan, magnetic resonance imaging, and angiography, are demonstrated. The differential diagnosis of this mediastinal mass, complications related to ductus aneurysms and the appropriate radiographic workup are discussed.

Aortography↗
PubMed1988

Pneumatic reduction of ileocolic intussusception in children.

Pneumatic reduction of ileocolic intussusception in children has been used in Argentina and in China for more than 25 years but has only recently been attempted in North America. It is reported to be safer and more effective than reduction by the hydrostatic pressure of a barium suspension. Our preliminary experience with four patients has been rewarding and we believe it may become the method of choice.

Air↗
PubMed1986

Campomelia, cervical lymphocele, polycystic dysplasia, short gut, polysplenia.

An aborted fetus, the offspring of consanguineous parents, had the unusual combination of campomelia, cervical lymphocele, polycystic kidneys, pancreas, and liver, short gut, and polysplenia. Births of earlier similarly affected fetuses suggest an autosomal recessive inheritance. Skeletal, lymphatic, and renal lesions were seen at 26 weeks' gestation by ultrasonography, but not at 16 weeks.

Abnormalities, Multiple↗
PubMed1986

Transitional cell papilloma of the bladder.

Bladder tumors of epithelial origin are rare in children. A 7-year-old male presented with intermittent painless hematuria. An ultrasound examination of the bladder revealed a single polypoid mass which proved to be a transitional cell papilloma.

Adolescent↗