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Biomedical subjects

Vinay K Sharma

Publications and source records attributed to Vinay K Sharma.

9 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2006

Treatment options for severe sepsis and septic shock.

Despite significant advances in the understanding of the pathophysiology of sepsis, severe sepsis and septic shock continue to be associated with high morbidity and mortality. Eradication of infection, with appropriate antibiotics and source control, remains the cornerstone of sepsis management, but does not ensure survival. Aggressive supportive care, such as fluid resuscitation, vasoactive agents or mechanical ventilation, is often required. With the exception of drotrecogin alfa, attempts to modulate the inflammatory response in sepsis have generally been unsuccessful. Early goal-directed therapy targeting adequate central venous oxygen saturation appears to improve outcome. Recently, there has been renewed interest in the use of corticosteroids, not as anti-inflammatory agents, but as replacement therapy. There is also some evidence to suggest that tight glucose control may improve outcome in these patients.

Adrenal Cortex Hormones↗
PubMed2005

Screening of some medicinal plants for anti-lipase activity.

In order to find new pancreatic lipase (triacylglycerol lipase, EC 3.1.1.3) inhibitors from natural sources, 75 medicinal plants belonging to different families were screened for their anti-lipase activity, using a radioactive method. On evaluating the results, methanolic extracts of three plants namely, Eriochloa villosa (Thunb.) Kunth, Orixa japonica Thunb. and Setaria italica (L.) Palib., exhibited strong in vitro anti-lipase activity (above 80%). These plants will be studied further to elucidate the structure and chemical properties of the active compound responsible for anti-lipase action.

Animals↗
PubMed2004

In vitro anti-tyrosinase activity of 5-(hydroxymethyl)-2-furfural isolated from Dictyophora indusiata.

The inhibition of mushroom tyrosinase by methanolic extract of Dictyophora indusiata was evaluated and the bioactive component was characterized and identified as 5-(hydroxymethyl)-2-furfural (HMF) by chromatographic and spectroscopic means. Kinetic studies revealed it to be a noncompetitive inhibitor for the oxidation of L-DOPA. On the basis of these findings some related analogues were also tested for their anti-tyrosinase activity, in order to gain more insight into structure and activity relationship among these heterocyclic compounds.

Agaricales↗
PubMed2004

Shock overview.

Despite improved understanding of the pathophysiology of shock and significant advances in technology, it remains a serious problem associated with high morbidity and mortality. Early treatment is essential but is hampered by the fact that signs and symptoms of shock appear only after the shock state is well established and the body's compensatory mechanisms have started to fail. Although the causes of shock are varied, the basic abnormality in all varieties is tissue and cellular dysoxia. In this overview we discuss the definition, classification and pathogenesis of shock in light of the recent advances in our understanding of its mechanisms. The epidemiology, diagnosis, and management of the various types of shock are also briefly discussed.

Journal Article↗
PubMed2003

Mushroom tyrosinase: recent prospects.

Tyrosinase, also known as polyphenol oxidase, is a copper-containing enzyme, which is widely distributed in microorganisms, animals, and plants. Nowadays mushroom tyrosinase has become popular because it is readily available and useful in a number of applications. This work presents a study on the importance of tyrosinase, especially that derived from mushroom, and describes its biochemical character and inhibition and activation by the various chemicals obtained from natural and synthetic origins with its clinical and industrial importance in the recent prospects.

Agaricales↗
PubMed2003

Recent developments in the treatment of sepsis.

Despite advances in supportive care, septic shock remains a major cause of morbidity and mortality. With the identification of the systemic inflammatory response as a major component in the pathogenesis of the septic shock syndrome, much of the recent work has focused on modulating this response. This includes antiendotoxin therapies in patients with Gram-negative sepsis, and therapies to modulate the pro-inflammatory mediators produced in response to infection, such as TNF-alpha, platelet-activating factor and complement. High-flow haemofiltration has the potential advantage of clearing both endotoxin and pro-inflammatory mediators. Antithrombotic strategies have been investigated and have yielded the first major success in the treatment of sepsis with activated protein C. Nitric oxide produces the cardiovascular features of sepsis and investigators have looked at both reducing its production and mopping up the excess. Attempts to reduce apoptosis have been a new focus in the treatment of sepsis. There have also been recent developments in supportive care suggesting a role for vasopressin and replacement corticosteroid therapy.

Animals↗