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Biomedical subjects

V Williams

Publications and source records attributed to V Williams.

At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1982

A cluster-analytically derived typology: feasible alternative to clinical diagnostic classification of children?

Despite numerous studies of the relationships among symptoms manifested by children and adolescents, there have been few systematic attempts to group individuals on the basis of the syndromes identified. In the course of a treatment evaluation project requiring classification of both child patients and untreated controls, the present study was conducted to determine whether replicable types of children and adolescents could be identified by the cluster analysis of their IJR Behavior Checklist profiles. One clinical sample (N = 185) and two mixed clinical and normal subsamples (Ns of 358 and 373) were cluster-analyzed separately. Seven types that replicated across at least two subsamples were identified: (1) High Assets, Flat Symptom Profile; (2) Sociopathic, Academic Problems; (3) Moderate Assets, Egocentric, Incontinent; (4) Insecure, Somaticizing, Underachieving; (5) Aggressive, Overreactive; (6) Schizoid, Withdrawn, Anxious, Bizarre; and (7) Diffuse, Mixed Pathology. The issue posed by the title of the article was explored in the light of the findings.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1982

Regulation of axonal microtubules: effect of sympathetic hyperactivity elicited by reserpine.

The density of microtubules in sympathetic postganglionic fibres of the cat was studied with the electron-microscope before and after administration of reserpine. The microtubule density was 56 microtubules per square micron under basal conditions. Six hours after reserpine administration, the density rose by 46%. This change was still present 55 h later. At least 31% of the total microtubular protein in the axoplasm of sympathetic fibres of the unrestrained cat was estimated to be in the soluble form. The increase in microtubule density was prevented by a section of the preganglionic fibres. Microtubules of the unmyelinated fibres of the cutaneous sural nerve were unaffected by reserpine treatment. Since reserpine is known to produce hyperactivity of sympathetic nerves, it is concluded that this hyperactivity is instrumental in the increase of the number of axonal microtubules. It is proposed that the electrical activity of nerves regulates axonal microtubules in the living animal.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

Neonatal neurobehavioral effects of inhalation analgesia for vaginal delivery.

The authors studied the neonatal neurobehavioral effects of nitrous oxide:oxygen and enflurane:oxygen inhalation analgesia for vaginal delivery. Parturients were assigned randomly to receive no inhalation agent (Group 1, n = 21); enflurane, 0.3 to 0.8 per cent, and oxygen (Group 2, n = 22); or nitrous oxide, 30 to 50 per cent, and oxygen (Group 3, n = 18). Infants were tested at 15 min, 2 h, and 24 h of age using the Neurologic and Adaptive Capacity Score (NACS); and at 2 and 24 h using the Early Neonatal Neurobehavioral Scale (ENNS). No significant differences in neurobehavioral status occurred. For all groups, scores tended to be lowest at two hours of age. We conclude that neither enflurane nor nitrous oxide analgesia adversely affects neonatal neurobehavioral status at 15 min, 2 h, or 24 h of age.

Alphaprodine↗
PubMed1979

Naloxone reversal of mild neurobehavioral depression in normal newborn infants after routine obstetric analgesia.

To investigate the presence of subtle narcotic depression following maternal narcotic analgesia, we have evaluated the effects of naloxone versus placebo in a double-blind parallel group study in 43 normal term newborn infants whose mothers had received routine narcotic analgesia within six hours prior to delivery. Infants were given either an intramuscular injection of 20 microgram/kg naloxone or 0.20 ml/kg placebo after determination of the one-minute Apgar score, and the following measurements were compared: Apgar scores at one and five minutes, capillary blood gas values at one, 60, 120, and 240 minutes, and neurobehavioral assessments at one, 4, and 24 hours. No adverse effects from naloxone were observed. Neither Apgar scores nor capillary blood gas determinations differed significantly between the two groups. Response to sound was significantly higher in the naloxone group at 24 hours. The alertness score was significantly higher for the naloxone group at one and four hours; the general assessment score for the naloxone group was significantly higher at four and 24 hours. Average scores of naloxone and placebo groups were also different at four and 24 hours of age. These data demonstrate that maternal narcotic analgesia may produce subtle changes in alertness and general behavior not reflected by Apgar scores or respiratory status, potentially reversible by administration of naloxone shortly following delivery.

Anesthesia, Obstetrical↗
PubMed1977

Visualization of the lateral edge of the liver in ascites.

Medial displacement of the liver was observed in 35 cases of ascites using plain radiographs, total-body opacification, tomography, radionuclide imaging, peritoneography, and/or ultrasonography. In 16 cases the displaces liver was seen on plain radiographs. Separation of the liver and kidney was seen on ultrasonograms in every case; it was increased by addition of increments of fluid in patients undergoing peritoneal dialysis. Since the liver is surrounded by fluid, an interface between it and the extraperitoneal fat cannot account for the displacement seen on plain radiographs: rather, this is the result of a difference in density between liver and fluid.

Ascites↗
PubMed1976

Investigations to characterize a new anti-arrhythmic drug, ORG 6001 including a simple test for calcium antagonism.

1 The compound Org 6001 (3alpha-amino-2beta-hydroxy-5alpha-androstan-17-one hydrochloride) was found in recent experiments to exhibit anti-arrhythmic activity. Evidence is presented in this paper concerning its mode of action. 2 Org 6001 was 1.8 times more potent than procaine as a local anaesthetic on desheathed frog nerve. 3 Org 6001 had no effect on the resting potential of isolated cardiac muscle of rabbit, but greatly reduced the maximum rate of depolarization tion (MRD). The action potential duration TAPD) WAS MARGINALLY PROLONGED IN ATRIAL AND VENTRICULAR MUSCLE. 4 Org 6001 preferentially shortened APD in that part of the Purkinje system in which APD is normally longer than elsewhere, so that APD

17-Ketosteroids↗
PubMed1975

Intercellular relationships in the external glial limiting membrane of the neocortex of the cat and rat.

The external glial limiting membrane of the cerebral cortex appears to be a complete astrocytic mantle covering the pial surface of the molecular layer. It consists of flattened cell bodies arranged singly or in small groups spaced about 100 mu apart and multitudes of interdigitating processes arrayed in layers. The glial mantle is thicker in the sulci than on the gyri. It is covered externally by a basal lamina which is associated with collagenous fibrils and cells of the pia mater. The extracellular space in aldehyde-perfused material appears as a regular, electron-lucent interval 150 A wide between adjacent cell membranes. Gap junctions are frequently encountered in the external glial limiting membrane; desmosomes are present between astrocytic processes but are seen much less often.

Animals↗
PubMed1975

The significance of the dural supply from the carotid siphon.

The dural branches from the cavernous portion of the internal carotid consists of the meningophypopseal trunk, the inferior cavernous, and the capsular arteries. These vessels have extensive anastomoses in and around the sellar area. These arteries are not usually demonstrated angiographically; therefore, when they are enlarged, a pathological lesion should be suspected. There are numerous lesions other than meningiomas associated with hypertrophy of these dural branches and the corresponding vessels involved depends on the anatomic location of the associated lesion.

Adenoma, Chromophobe↗
PubMed1971

1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol: identification of the proposed active form of vitamin D3 in the intestine.

The major polar metabolite of cholecalciferol (vitamin D(3)) present in chick intestinal mucosa has been chemically characterized by mass spectrometric analysis to have a molecular formula of C(27)H(44)0(3) and a structure of 1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol. This compound, which is produced in the kidney from 25-hydroxycholecalciferol, has been previously shown to be from 4 to 13 times as active as cholecalciferol in stimulating intestinal calcium transport. 1,25-Dihydroxycholecalciferol (previously designated metabolite 4B in this (laboratory) probably represents the biologically active form of cholecalciferol in the intestine.

Age Factors↗