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Biomedical subjects

V Vats

Publications and source records attributed to V Vats.

28 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed2001

Effect of metronidazole on spermatogenesis and FSH, LH and testosterone levels of pre-pubertal rats.

Metronidazole, a 5-nitroimidazole drug has been reported to decrease testicular weight, testicular and epididymal spermatid counts and causes abnormal sperm morphology with degeneration of seminiferous tubules with 6 weeks treatment of metronidazole (400 mg/kg, day). In contrast to DNA flow cytometry (FCM), the histological and gravimetric parameters do not allow a rapid, sensitive, objective and multiparameteric evaluation of reproductive toxicants on spermatogenesis. Moreover, the exact mechanisms for such an effect are not entirely clear. The present study was therefore undertaken to assess the effects of intraperitoneal (i.p.) administration of metronidazole 400 mg/kg daily for 30 days on testicular germ cell changes assessed by DNA (FCM) and hormone levels of testosterone, FSH and LH in pre-pubertal rats. A significant reduction in the haploid cell population in metronidazole treated groups as compared to saline treated controls was observed. The mean serum FSH, LH and testosterone value were also lowered in treated animals. Thus, the spermatotoxic effects of metronidazole were probably mediated by decrease in the circulating hormones responsible for spermatogenesis.

Animals↗
PubMed2000

Anti-hyperglycemic effect of Eugenia jambolana and Tinospora cordifolia in experimental diabetes and their effects on key metabolic enzymes involved in carbohydrate metabolism.

In India, the decoction of kernels of Eugenia jambolana (EJ) and extracts of Tinospora cordifolia (TC) are used as a household remedy for diabetes. These also form constituents of many herbal formulations for diabetes that are marketed in this country. The anti-hyperglycemic effect of aqueous and alcoholic extracts as well as lyophilized powder of these two plants was evaluated in diabetic animals using different doses of diabetogenic agents for varying duration (21-120 days) so as to assess their effect in mild (plasma sugar>180 mg/dl, duration 21 days), moderate (plasma sugar>280 mg/dl, duration 120 days) and severe (plasma sugar>400 mg/dl, duration 60 days) diabetes mellitus. In the pilot study (mild diabetes), maximum reduction of 73.51 and 70.37% in glucose levels was seen in animals receiving 200 mg/kg per day of lyophilized powder of EJ and 400 mg/kg per day of aqueous extract of TC after 3 and 15 weeks of treatment, respectively. There percent reduction in glucose decreased significantly in the moderate and severe diabetes; 55.62 and 17.72% for EJ and 48.81 and 0% for TC at the similar time intervals. The alteration in hepatic and skeletal muscle glycogen content and hepatic glucokinase, hexokinase, glucose-6-phosphate and phosphofructokinase levels in diabetic mice were partially restored by EJ but not by TC. The mechanism of action of EJ and TC is discussed.

Animals↗
PubMed1996

Activation of tinidazole, an antiprotozoal drug to a mutagen by mammalian liver S9.

Tinidazole was found to display much higher mutagenic activity compared to metronidazole in Salmonella strain TA100 and YG1029. Under anaerobiosis, the specific activity of this nitroimidazole was enhanced, at least, by about 1.75-fold in TA100 and several fold in TA100NR relative to aerobic conditions. The mutagenicity in the latter strain with S9 mix became further increased by 2.5-fold under anaerobiosis, indicating the role of oxygen sensitive bacterial and mammalian S9 nitroreductases in the activation of the drug. The mutagenicity of the drug was slightly lowered in TA100/1,8-DNP6 (O-acetyltransferase deficient), YG1029 (O-acetyltransferase overexpressing) and TA100 in the presence of pentachlorophenol (PCP), an O-acetyltransferase inhibitor. These results rule out the possible involvement of N-acetoxyarylamine pathway in the metabolic activation of these nitroimidazoles.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Zinc levels in women and newborns.

Zinc is an important trace element having a definitive role in the metabolism, growth and development and reproduction. During pregnancy the requirements for zinc increase. This study was designed to evaluate the zinc status of normal women, normal pregnant women and their newborn babies. Forty normal adult females, 40 normal pregnant women and their newborn babies were randomly selected and their serum and hair zinc levels were analysed using atomic absorption spectrophotometer. The mean serum and hair zinc levels in normal women were 69.47 +/- 1.4 micrograms/dl and 147.45 +/- 6.12 micrograms/g respectively. The mean serum and hair zinc levels in normal pregnant women were 69.0 +/- 3.22 micrograms/dl and 142.83 +/- 4.39 micrograms/g respectively while the mean serum (cord blood) and hair levels in normal new born babies were 72.77 +/- 5.14 micrograms/dl and 188.36 +/- 4.12 micrograms/g respectively. There was a significant (p < 0.001) decrease in hair zinc levels during pregnancy. There was a significant (p < 0.05) decrease in zinc levels in new born babies when the time interval between the previous delivery and the present delivery was less than 3.4 years. The results of the present study reinforce the need for zinc supplementation during pregnancy especially if the interval between pregnancies is short.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Proton pump inhibitors.

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

2-Pyridinylmethylsulfinylbenzimidazoles↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Iatrogenic hepatotoxicity.

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Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Thalidomide: a re-look.

Thalidomide was synthesized in 1954 in erstwhile West Germany and marketed as a sedative in over 46 countries until the early 1960s. Owing to serious teratogenic effects, the drug was withdrawn from the market in 1961. A chance observation suggested the utility of thalidomide in erythema nodosum leprosum (ENL). After many controlled and uncontrolled trials were published, the World Health Organization recommended its use in ENL. The Food and Drug Administration, USA approved it for use in ENL in July 1998. Only established and well-defined studies conducted to substantiate the efficacy of thalidomide have been included in this review. Thalidomide is considered the drug of choice for the treatment of ENL, but for other conditions, it is recommended only when resistance to the currently available form of therapy is encountered. Once the anti-inflammatory, immuno-modulatory, anti-TNF-alpha and anti-angiogenic properties of thalidomide were discovered, it was also tried in AIDS and related wasting, apthous ulcers, microsporidiosis and Kaposi's sarcoma. Thalidomide has no clinical place as an immunosuppressant in solid organ transplantation. However, it has a therapeutic role in graft-verus-host-disease. Among the dermatological conditions, thalidomide has been found to be effective in systemic lupus erythematosus, discoid lupus erythematosus, actinic prurigo and prurigo nodularis. Used correctly, it is a safe and effective medicine (except for its teratogenic potential and delayed neuropathy) in a variety of disease conditions.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Anthelmintics: a review.

Helminths infect 25% of the world's population. In the last 50 years specific, safe and effective anthelminitic drug therapy for various parasitic infestations have been developed. The population of the developing countries across the globe suffers not only as a direct result of these infections but due also to co-morbidity such as anemia, malnutrition and reduced immunity status. Earlier anthelmintic drugs suffered from serious drawbacks such as hepatotoxicity and required specific preparation of the patient before treatment such as 12-hour fasting and pre-post purging caused considerable inconvenience to the patient. However, successive discoveries were born out of rationale approach that contributed to the effective, more specific and more easily tolerated drugs i.e. benzimidazoles, piperazine derivatives, avermectins, pyrazinoquinoline, etc. The present approach is to identify the causative parasite on the basis of stool examination and as a result of this approach, different drugs are prescribed for different parasitic infections. Examples include thiabendazole for cutaneous larva migrans, mebendazole for ascariasis, trichiuriasis and hookworm, albendazole for inoperable cases of cystic hydatid disease, DEC for Toxocara induced visceral larva migrans and loiasis, ivermectin for onchocerciasis, praziquantel for schistosomiasis and niridazole for Dracunculus medinensis. The cure rates with these drugs is also high e.g. thiabendazole produces a cure-rate of 98% in cutaneous larva migrans while mebendazole gives cure rate of 76-95% in ascariasis, trichiuriasis and hookworm infestations. A cure rate of 96% is produced by praziquantel in schistosomiasis. Most of these drugs have broad-spectrum anthelmentic effect. The present review aims at evaluating the currently available anthelmintics with respect to their efficacy and adverse effects. Steps to prevent impending helminthic drug resistance are also discussed.

Anthelmintics↗