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Biomedical subjects

V V Smirnov

Publications and source records attributed to V V Smirnov.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1996

[Elaboration of rational schedules of work and rest for excavation and drilling machine operators].

Operators of excavators, boring machines could be considered as exposed to vibration at work. Methods preventing occupational diseases among those workers should include general medical and management procedures as well as rational work schedules. The authors suggest shift-related and changeable schedules of work and rest, based on timing and half-year analysis of work output. When put into practice, the schedule could lower the total vibration zone to the allowable one and relieve fatigue. Length of service in the occupations should be limited by 5-7 years.

Humans↗
PubMed1995

Antibiotic susceptibility as a taxonomic characteristic of the genus Bacillus.

A large number of Bacillus strains assigned to different species were tested to determine their susceptibilities to antibiotics. Some clear differences between species were observed. The antibiotic susceptibilities of strains isolated from natural sources seemed to be stable and to reflect adaptation of the strains to specific conditions in certain ecological niches. A method for data processing which can be used for rapid species identification is described.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed1995

[Clinical fluorescent diagnosis of tumors using photosensitizer photogem].

During clinical trials of photodynamic therapy (PDT) the tissue fluorescence spectra under 510 nm laser excitation were recorded in 22 patients with tumors of the lungs, larynx, skin, gastric and esophageal carcinoma, and cancer of the gynecological organs before (autofluorescence) and after drug administration. A spectroscopic fluorescence detection system, developed at the General Physics Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, was applied for tumor diagnostics. The system has been used for clinical fluorescence diagnostics with the aid of HPD-type photosensitizer Photogem (Moscow Institute of High Chemical Technologies) marked by selective retention in malignant tumors. Methods and equipment for spectra analysis aimed at estimating drug distribution in the near-surface layers of tissues, determining the tumor boundaries before photodynamic treatment, as well as studying drug pharmaco kinetics have been developed and tested. The results demonstrate the possibility of tumor detection by fluorescence even in low selectivity of drug accumulation which appears to be dependent on the stage and type of the disease and the organ involved.

Female↗
PubMed1994

[Development of rational work schedules for tunnel workers of schist mines].

The tunnelers of schist mines boring blast holes with hand drill are exposed to the discontinuous vibration and noise, which markedly exceed the MAL (12 and 11 dB respectively). Though the time of exposure is reduced by mechanization, it exceeds the safe limits due to unequal shift load on the tunnelers team. The improved working schedule includes equal cyclic participation of every tunneler in the boring and limits the contact with vibration and noise. High risk of vibration disease in tunnelers even following the allowable time of contact with hazards can result from such confounding factors as cooling microclimate, intensive physical strain. The recommendations reduce the duration of employment to 7 years and necessitate mastering two allied occupations.

Adaptation, Physiological↗
PubMed1994

[Susceptibility to antimicrobial drugs of strains of bacilli used as a basis for various probiotics].

Five strains of the genus Bacillus used as components of biological preparations i.e. bacterin SL, biosporin, bactisubtil and subalin were tested for their susceptibility to 38 antimicrobial agents, The strains were simultaneously resistant to 5 antibiotics: astreonam, colistin, penicillin, ceftizoxime and cefuroxime. High susceptibility of the strains to some penicillins, cephalosporins and aminoglycosides was recorded. The gene engineered strain B. subtilis 2335(105) marked by the kanamycin resistance gene showed cross resistance to amikacin and tobramycin. Trimetoprim, sulfotrimetoprim and norfloxacin proved to be active against the strains.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed1994

[Photodynamic therapy and fluorescent diagnosis of malignant tumors using preparation photogem].

From February, 1992 to May, 1993 photodynamic therapy (PDT) was applied at the State Scientific Center of Laser Medicine and the Moscow Scientific-Research Oncological Institute for the treatment of 60 patients with primary and metastatic malignant tumors of the breast, skin, respiratory and digestive organs, female reproductive organs, and urinary bladder. Forty-eight patients underwent one course of PDT, 11 patients received 2 courses, and one patient was given 3 courses. Russian-produced Photogem was used as the photosensitizer. It was infused intravenously 24, 48, or 72 hours before exposure to laser beam. The dose of Photogem ranged from 2.5 to 6.0 mg/kg. The density of laser radiation power during PDT sessions ranged from 100 to 1,600 mVt/cm2, energy exposure from 80 to 600 J/cm2, duration of irradiation from 3 to 45 minutes. After treatment the patients were studied in follow-up periods of 4 weeks to 17 months. Complete regression of the tumor verified morphologically was found in 62%, partial regression in 34%, and limited response or absence of an effect in 4% of cases. Fluorescent-diagnostic examination of patients was conducted at the Moscow Scientific-Research Oncological Institute. It demonstrated the reliability of this diagnostic method with the use of the preparation Photogem as the photosensitizer.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

[The subcellular distribution of the glutathione system enzymes in the brain tissue of the rat].

Using the percoll density gradient method for rapid isolation of organelles the distribution of glutathione system enzymes in the rat brain was characterized including glutathione S-transferase (GST), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and glutathione reductase (GR). In the fraction of mitochondria, the shares of GPx, GR, and GST were found to be as much as 92, 61, and 15% from their respective general activities. No enzymatic activity was found in lysosomes. Fractions of organelles with low density (microsomes, Golgi complex, cytoplasmic membranes) were cross-contaminated. Nevertheless, on the base of the established dynamics of distribution of the marker enzyme activity among various cell organelles it is suggested that, besides mitochondria, the glutathione system enzymes may be localized primarily in the endoplasmic reticulum, rather than in other organelles.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

[Amyloidosis in systemic lupus erythematosus].

Based on the authors' experience from 1982 to 1990 it was noted that out of 26 cases of renal amyloidosis in the presence of nonpurulent and purulent conditions 2 patients (7%) demonstrated the association with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). It was also noted that amyloidosis developed in the patients with a long history of the disease. Long-course immunosuppression treatment could be regarded as the other factor-of-risk for amyloidosis development. Histochemical examination of both patients demonstrated that amyloid deposits in the renal glomeruli were resistant to the potassium permanganate effect and consisted of AL-protein. The results obtained indicated the possibility of appearance of immunoglobulins AL--the proteins of the primary amyloidosis--synthesized in the spectrum in the SLE presence as well as their deposition in the renal glomeruli. As a possible cause of proteinuria and the nephrotic syndrome in SLE patients amyloidosis should be diagnosed in the life time and be regarded in the choice of therapeutic policy as well as in the assessment of pulse immunosuppressive therapy practicability.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

[Characteristics of immunobiological resistance of children with diabetes mellitus].

Immunoglobulins and nonspecific defence factors (complement, properdin, lysozyme) were studied over time in 194 children suffering from diabetes mellitus. In 145 children, diabetes mellitus was associated with chronic tonsillitis. Resistance in 49 children was examined depending on the phase of diabetes mellitus. The data obtained indicate that diabetes mellitus is marked by imbalance of nonspecific defence factors and humoral immunity. These changes are obviously related to the disease gravity, phasic nature of the process, diabetes mellitus standing, and the presence of concomitant diseases. No parallelism was established between the level of nonspecific defence factors and specific immunity activity.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

[State of lipid metabolism, platelet aggregation and microcirculation in patients with angina pectoris during plasmapheresis treatment].

The paper presents the changes found in the lipid spectrum in 48, platelet aggregation in 23 and microcirculation in 35 patients with coronary heart disease after plasmapheresis. In patients with Functional Classes III and IV angina, repeated procedures of plasmapheresis were found to result in a clinical improvement of its course in 92% of the patients and in conversion to a lower functional class of angina in 71%. Massive plasmapheresis performed by the developed methods caused a significant improvement in the lipid spectrum, blood rheology, and microcirculation, which persisted for 1 to 6 months after plasmapheresis in relation to the type of hyperlipoproteinemia.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

[The magnetotherapy of hypertension patients].

A study was made of the influence of the constant MKM2-1 magnets on patients suffering from essential hypertension. Continuous action of the magnetic field, created by such magnets, on the patients with stage II essential hypertension was noted to result in a decrease of arterial pressure without the occurrence of any side effects and in a simultaneous reduction of the scope of drug administration. Apart from that fact, magnetotherapy was discovered to produce a beneficial effect on the central hemodynamics and microcirculation. The use of the MKM2-1 magnets may be regarded as a feasible method of the treatment of essential hypertension patients at any medical institution.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

[Regulation of immuno- and hematopoiesis with asterin].

It was shown that asterin, a higher plant preparation, had a marked antiblastomic action and a favourable effect on differentiation of the precursor cells and blood cells. It accelerated proliferation, migration of the truncal hemopoietic cells and their transfer from the dormant state into the cellular cycle. It also changed the cell differentiation in the direction of myelopoiesis. The mechanism of the asterin's immunomodulating action was found to be associated with regulation of T-cellular immunity and T-dependent immune response.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

[The hemodynamic effects of a number of new hypotensive preparations].

Assessment of the initial data on hemodynamics in patients with stage II essential hypertension made it possible to differentiate indications for the use of some new hypotensive drugs. In the treatment of patients with stage II essential hypertension, preference should be given to arelix and minipress in case the total vascular resistance is initially high, whereas in hypertension of ejection, it is better in long-term treatment of patients with stage II essential hypertension, that the drugs producing an effect on the stroke volume of the heart, namely arifon, and tobanum, may be applied. All the drugs enumerated exert a negligible effect on the microvascular blood flow.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

[Effect of salvin on the synthesis of macromolecules in Staphylococcus aureus 209P].

The effect of salvin and its active component, carnazolic acid, on the synthesis of macromolecular compounds in the cells of S. aureus 209P was studied. It was shown that the inhibitory action of salvin on the synthesis of peptidoglycane in the culture was defined by the presence of carnazolic acid in its composition. In the bactericidal concentration, carnazolic acid was twice as less active as salvin and inhibited incorporation of labeled precursors into RNA and protein. The findings grounded the conclusion that some nonidentified components of salvin with low antimicrobial activity contained in it in insignificant quantities had an additional inhibitory effect on the process. Comparative study of salvin and antibiotics with the known mechanisms of action such as benzyl penicillin or chloramphenicol revealed a certain similarity in the action of salvin and benzyl penicillin on incorporation of labeled precursors into the macromolecular compounds of S. aureus 209P.

Abietanes↗