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Biomedical subjects

V V Maleev

Publications and source records attributed to V V Maleev.

122 records · Page 7Linked to original sources
PubMedDate not supplied

[Autoantibodies to the thrombocytes and erythrocytes in HIV-infected patients].

In 48 patients with HIV infection were tested for the presence of autologous and allogenic antibodies to red blood cells with the use of Coombs' direct and indirect tests. 18 HIV-infected patients had IgG antibodies to thrombocytes, circulating in the blood (detected by the method of EIA) and bound to thrombocytes (detected by the method of RIA). In 5 out of 48 patients Coombs' direct test yielded positive results with red blood cells. 6 out of 18 examined patients had an elevated content of thrombocyte-bound antibodies. The presence of cross reactions between gp120 of human immunodeficiency virus and gp3a thrombocytes led to the formation of antithrombocyte antibodies and, consequently, to a decrease in the number of thrombocytes.

Autoantibodies↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[The antimicrobial activity of nitric oxide and its role in the infectious process].

In this article information on an important role of nitric oxide (NO) in inhibiting the growth of a number of pathogenic microorganisms, including intracellular parasites, and their elimination from the host body is presented. Differences between the mechanisms of the production of NO and free-radical compounds having antimicrobial action are given. The regulation of the activity of constitutive NO-synthase and inducible NO-synthase and the relationship between the latter and the phagocytic activity and production of anti-inflammatory cytokines are described. An important role of NO in the development of the nonspecific resistance of the body is mentioned.

Animals↗
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[Listeria pathogenicity factors and their role in pathogenesis and laboratory diagnosis of listeriosis].

The mechanisms of relationships between Listeria and eukaryotic cells on the level of the main biomolecules are analyzed. These mechanisms determine the penetration and multiplication of Listeria and their importance for the pathogenesis of listeriosis. The theoretical and practical aspects of the regulation of the expression of pathogenicity factors in Listeria, connected with the activation of the regulatory protein PrfA and autoregulatory mechanisms, are considered. The elimination of the autorepressor from the cultivation medium results in the activation of the regulatory protein and the induction of the pathogenicity factors. The effective identification method for L. monocytogenes, permitting the differentiation of pathogenic and non-pathogenic Listeria, has been developed on the basis of the study of lecithinase expression in the presence of activated charcoal.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Detection of sapoviruses in children with acute gastroenteritis in Moscow in 2002-2003].

Sapoviruses were found, for the first time, to be circulating in children with acute gastroenteritis in the city of Moscow. On the basis of a genetic analysis, they were classified as belonging to genotypes 1 and 2. Two groups of sapoviruses that are essentially different from the strains presented now at the GenBank NCBI were described within the case study.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Molecular genetic variety of rickettsiae].

In this review modern data on the study of the genome of the representatives of the family Rickettsiaceae and, as follows from the accumulated information, on changes in the nomination and hierarchical place of its pathogenic and avirulent representatives are presented.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[The pathogenetic therapy of patients with food poisonings and a complicated course].

The complicated and combined course of alimentary toxicoinfections are practically the main causes of all the lethal outcomes in these diseases. In this work the data on the recent progress in the rehydration therapy of acute enteric infections are presented. The authors established that combined forms constituted 15.3% and complicated ones constituted 2% of alimentary toxicoinfections. The results of the treatment of alimentary toxicoinfections combined with ischemic heart disease, hypertension and chronic alcoholism, as well as complicated by shock and pneumonia, are presented. The general principles of treatment in combined and complicated cases are the maintenance of the usual (under given conditions) volume of liquid for rehydration with the limitation of the rate of its introduction.

Acute Disease↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[The thrombocytic link in hemostasis and the immunity system of patients with HIV infection].

To find out possible relationships between disturbances in the thrombocytic element of hemostasis and in the immune system (the count of lymphocytes CD4, the concentration of IgG, the content of circulating immune complexes), 18 adult patients with HIV infection were examined, and in 8 of them thrombocytopenia was diagnosed. 10 patients without thrombocytopenia formed the control group. The study revealed that with the development of thrombocytopenia in patients with HIV infection the aggregation capacity of their blood platelets decreased, which correlated (p < 0.01) with a decrease in the count of lymphocytes CD4; this was indicative of the progress of immunodeficiency.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[The local manifestations of diphtheria].

The development of diphtheria is characterized by a pronounced local process, but the description of local changes in the disease are based only on postmortem findings. 67 patients with different forms of diphtheria were examined. In 11 cases of descending croup bronchoscopic examination was carried out. As revealed in this study, at the primary stage of the disease films cover the whole of the air duct system, and the process is identical to that on tonsils. In the course of convalescence and under the action of specific antiserum films on the tonsils, the soft palate and the vocal cords disappeared, and films in the larynx, the trachea and bronchi could be easily separated from the mucous membrane, but always with the formation of erosions and even perforations in it. The character of the process was indicative of the absence of any specific action of diphtheria toxin on the mucous membrane at the site of the inoculation of the infective agent. No correlation between the severity of the course of diphtheria, the degree of edema and the frequency of the development of complications was noted.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Acute intestinal infections and hypertension].

Some data on the specific features of the clinical course of acute enteric infections (AKI) and hypertensive disease (HD) are presented. The data indicate that the pathogenetic mechanisms of these diseases often act on the same points and in some cases in the same direction. 32,448 AEI patients were placed under observation, among them 29,398 patients with alimentary toxicoinfections and 3,050 patients with salmonellosis. Of these 1,483 patients had HD of stages II and III. In 266 patients of this group hypertensive crises of types I and II developed. In 128 AEI patients acute disturbances in cerebral blood circulation were observed. In 67.2% of cases these patients were found to have HD in their medical history. The treatment of patients with the combination of AEI and HD included rehydration with polyionic crystalloid solutions and the administration of hypotensive preparations.

Acute Disease↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[The clinical picture and pathogenesis of complications in food poisonings (salmonellosis)].

Observation on 32,448 salmonellosis patients was carried out. In 653 cases (2.01%) the complicated course of the disease was observed. It was caused by generalized disturbances in blood circulation, or shock, in 0.09% of cases, or by regional disturbances in blood circulation (myocardial infarction in 0.4%, acute disturbances in cerebral circulation in 0.4%, thrombosis of mesenterial vessels in 0.1% of cases). In addition, infectious complications developed in the form of pneumonia (0.5%) and acute renal insufficiency (0.6% of cases). Acute adrenal insufficiency, observed in the past, did not practically occur during the recent 20 years, having lost its importance due to the use of adequate therapy with polyionic crystalloid solutions.

Acute Disease↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[The nosoparasitic form of salmonellosis].

The nosoparasitic form of salmonellosis occurs not only in cases of the association of salmonellosis with infectious diseases, but also in noninfectious patients, mostly in oncological and hematological cases. The appearance of the nosoparasitic form of salmonellosis was observed in 9 patients; of these, 5 with leukosis, 2 with malignant tumors, 1 with erythremia and 1 with cytostatic disease. Concomitant Salmonella infection contributed to the aggravation of the main disease. In 6 out of 9 cases patients with the nosoparasitic form of salmonellosis remained in oncological and hematological hospitals, and no cases of hospital infection were registered. Immunodeficiency played an important role in the development of the nosoparasitic form of salmonellosis in these patients.

Adult↗