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Biomedical subjects

V V Erokhin

Publications and source records attributed to V V Erokhin.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2003

[Effects of immunomodulator leukinferon on the course of experimental tuberculosis].

An experiment was conducted on 60 CBA mice intravenously inoculated with cultured Mycobacteria tuberculosis (MBT), Erdmann strain, in a dose of 0.025 mg. The specific features of tissue, cellular, and biochemical reactions were studied in the lung, liver, and spleen when leukinferon (LF) was included into tuberculosis treatment regimen. LF was shown to have a positive impact on the development of reparative reactions during tuberculous inflammation by reducing the time of abacillation and recovering the structure of diseased organs. By month 3 of follow-up, MBT were not detected in mice receiving antibacterial agents (ABA) and LF, while typical and changed forms of LF were identified in the cytoplasm of alveolar macrophages in mice treated with ABA alone. A specific feature of an inflammatory reaction as a significant proliferation of lymphocytes and macrophages with their ample infiltration of target organs was noted in animals receiving LF. This was followed by the activated production of alpha- and gamma-interferons and by the mobilization of an enzymatic link of anti-oxidant defense under chronic oxidative stress, which led to a reduction of resolution of inflammatory areas and to an increase in survival of animals which had not been given ABA, but treated with LF alone.

Adjuvants, Immunologic↗
PubMed2003

[Current views of tuberculosis inflammation].

The value of histological and histochemical studies in the diagnosis of a phase of tuberculosis progression or healing is shown. Electron microscopic study of tuberculous inflammation in different phases of its evolution evaluated the functional status of cellular elements of the lung and granuloma. The body's antituberculous resistance due to molecular genetic mechanisms is realized through intercellular interactions and macrophageal functions. Immune macrophages are characterized by a higher metabolic activity, they suppress the intracellular multiplication of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MBT) and are more protected from their toxic action. The pathogenetic mechanisms responsible for caseous pneumonia were studied. Three stages of evolution of the process: Stage 1 is the breakdown of defense and adaptive mechanisms: disorganization of connective tissue and alveolar parenchyma; enhanced permeability of blood and lymphatic microvascular walls with developed interstitial and intraalveolar edema, plasma and fibrin exudation, fibrinoid swelling of collagenous fibers, and their lysis; occurrence of lung parenchymal microinfarcts and infarction-pneumonia; type 2 alveolocytic dysfunction with surfactant destruction; Stage 2 is the breakdown of local immunity; exudative and alterative tuberculous inflammation with involvement of immunocompetent organs; suppressed T-cellular immunity, a shift of a T helper/T suppressor ratio to the latter, lymphopenia; impaired intercellular interactions, cellular apoptosis in blood and inflammation areas, and suppressed granulomatous reaction; inhibited L transformation of Mycobacteria tuberculosis, intensive MBT multiplication in the foci of tuberculous inflammation, particularly those which are resistant to many antibiotic drugs, a larger number of associations of the nonspecific microflora and fungi. Stage 3 is caseous pneumonia and generalization of a tuberculous process: a predominance of an alterative reaction of inflammation; the presence of allergic and caseous and necrotic vasculitis, bronchiolitis, and endo-panbronchitis; depressed granulomatous reaction; the development of acute alterative sequestrating pneumoniogenic caverns. Histological, histochemical, and electron microscopic studies of tuberculous inflammation may specify the mechanisms of the pathogenesis of tuberculosis and may serve as the basis for early diagnosis of the disease and for timely correction of performed treatment in order to enhance its efficiency.

Giant Cells↗
PubMed2002

[Analyzing the drug resistance of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in Russia's experimental areas introducing the WHO tuberculosis control programme].

The authentic data on the drug resistance of Mycobacterium tuberculosis can be obtained only provided that standard laboratory procedures and the unified standardized method for determining the resistance are used along with a compulsory outside quality control over the performance of this test. The supervisory activities of the researchers of the Central Research Institute of Tuberculosis (CRIT), Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, made in some regions of Russia included standardization of methods and their implementation quality control allowed them to reveal and to correct main errors in drug resistance testing. In this connection, this made it to record the true level of M. tuberculosis resistance to essential antituberculous agents in the areas investigated by the researchers of CRIT. Analyzing the data on the drug resistance of M. tuberculosis in the above areas leads to the conclusion that 2000 was marked by rather high rates of primary drug resistance; nearly a fourth of all new and prior cases of pulmonary tuberculosis studied for its drug resistance were carriers of a M. tuberculosis resistant to at least one antituberculous agent.

Bacteriological Techniques↗
PubMed2001

Detection of rifampicin-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis strains by hybridization and polymerase chain reaction on a specialized TB-microchip.

Two alternative methods for identification of rifampicin-resistant strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis on biological microchips are developed. The methods are based on detection of point mutations and other rearrangements in the rpoB gene region determining rifampicin resistance. Hybridization on TB-microchip detects 30 mutant variants of DNA in rifampicin-resistant strains (about 95% of all resistant forms). Allele-specific microchip PCR shortens the duration of analysis to 1.5 h. These methods can be used in clinical diagnostic laboratories for evaluating drug resistance/sensitivity of tuberculosis agent and for monitoring of the efficiency of antibiotic therapy.

Antibiotics, Antitubercular↗
PubMed2001

[Morphological diagnosis of tuberculosis and some disseminated diseases of the lungs].

Based on the results of light optic and electron microscopic studies of lung tissue biopsy specimens from patients with disseminated tuberculosis (n = 31), sarcoidosis (n = 46), exogenous allergic alveolitis (n = 22), the authors present a set of various morphological signs of specific inflammation, which are detectable both in the area of a focus and in its adjacent sites. The set allows the diagnosis of the most common granulomatoses of the lung to be verified.

Alveolitis, Extrinsic Allergic↗
PubMed2001

[Critical state medicine. Surfactant therapy of adult respiratory distress syndrome (results of multicenter studies)].

The paper provides evidence for the pathogenetic approach to treating acute lung lesion (ALL) and adult respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). An algorithm of the use of Russian lung surfactant preparations: CT-HL and CT-BL has been developed. In involves earlier (the first days following the onset of respiratory failure) use of surfactant, its combined bolus intratracheal or intrabronchial administration in doses of 200-400 mg/m2, followed by continuous (5-day) aerosol inhalation in doses of 20-30 mg/h for children and 30-75 mg/h for adults until pronounced clinical and X-ray effects are shown. Fifty three patients were found to develop ALL and ARDS in the presence of severe pneumonia, postperfusion lung disorders, reperfusion syndrome, pulmonary embolism, long-term artificial ventilation, combined car accident injury and gunshot wounds of the chest, heroine intoxication, septic shock, sepsis, postoperative sequels in cancer patients, and after hepatic transplantation or massive aspiration of gastric contents. Fifty patients were overcome their critical status, 44 survived. The duration of artificial ventilation (AV) ranged from 1 to 6 days. Earlier use of the drugs made it possible to transfer patients to safe AV regimens and to eliminate ALL and ARDS rapidly and to significantly reduce mortality due to critical states.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed2001

[Features of morphological reactions in caseous pneumonia].

The morphological features of caseous pneumonia (CP) were studied in 90 patients aged 20-54 years by using specimens obtained at autopsy and surgery at the Central Research Institute of Therapy, Russian Academy of Medical Sciences and Moscow Clinical Tuberculosis Hospital No. 7. Thirty patients died from CP, 30 were operated on for CP. A matched group of 30 patients was operated on for fibrocavernous pulmonary tuberculosis (FCPT). Of the 30 patients operated on for CP, the process was classified as an individual nosological entity in 19 patients and as a complication due to FCPT in 11 patients. Out of the 30 deceased, CP was as an individual nosological entity in 17 patients and it complicated acute FCPT in 13 patients. Morphological (light and electron microscopy) and immunomorphological studies revealed the specific features of CP, which distinguished it from other forms of pulmonary tuberculosis. These included: the fulminant course and dissemination of lung tissue lesion, which is association with the appearance of intravascular blood coagulation and lung infarction; 2) development of immunodeficiency in the presence of autoallergy to the basilar membrane of lung vessels, macrophageal and lymphocytic dysfunctions; 3) extensive cell dystrophy of the air-blood barrier even in the intact portions of the lung; 4) hepatic dysfunction due to extensive dystrophy to the extent of hepatocytic micronecroses and dyscirculatory disorders.

Adult↗
PubMed2000

[Effects of mixture of fermented whey SGOL-1-40 ("Sgidolac") and sterilized milk on the course of experimental tuberculosis].

The effect of enzymolic whey SGOL 1-40 ("Sgidolac") and sterilized milk mixture on experimental tuberculosis process with mice has been investigated. The mice of CBA line infected with tuberculosis (Type H37Rv) and been given this mixture (rate SGOL 1-40 to milk 1:5) per os immediately after the infection at the amount of 0.5 g/Kg body weight per day every day, perished on 42-nd day, meanwhile the mice that had received the mixture 3 weeks before the infection and all the period after it, died on 46-th day he mice in the control group (infected and untreated) died on the 38-th day. The positive treatment and prophylactic effect of the SGOL 1-40 and milk mixture on the tuberculosis process has been stated and morphologically proved.

Animals↗
PubMed2000

[The morphological reactions in the lungs during the chemotherapy of experimental tuberculosis].

Histological, histochemical, and electron microscopic studies were used to examine cellular and subcellular responses in the lung to the development of tuberculous inflammation and its drug treatment. In early inflammation, they are induced by higher capillary and cellular permeabilities, cell ultrastructural changes in the air-blood barrier. The period of granuloma formation is characterized by a larger count of hypertrophic alveolar parenchymal cells, type 2 alveolocytes in particular, that synthesize a surfactant, and by higher macrophagal activity. During therapy, there are increases in the count of multinuclear giant cells in the granuloma, in the resolution of inflammatory changes or in the isolation of a tuberculous focus. Morphological signs that show the inefficiency of treatment are identified.

Animals↗
PubMed2000

[Morpho-functional changes of surfactant system in pulmonary tuberculosis].

A complex study of different cellular and extracellular surfactant elements in the dynamics of the spontaneous course of generalized tuberculosis was made in 240 guinea-pigs and 77 patients with different forms of active pulmonary tuberculosis by using electron microscopy, biochemistry, and physical chemistry. A diagnostic scheme was proposed for life-time assessment of surfactant in bronchoalveolar lavage specimens. Three degrees of changes in surfactant were identified; 1) adaptive rearrangement of its elements developing in local surfactant damages; 2) significantly impaired type 2 alveolocyte production of surfactant, which affects its biochemical composition and capacity of forming characteristic structures; 3) common morphological, biochemical, surface-active signs of surfactant decompensation, profound metabolic disturbances, alveolar epithelial destruction with cleared alveolocytes found in the lavage.

Animals↗
PubMed1998

[Morphological signs of ineffective chemotherapy for experimental destructive pulmonary tuberculosis].

A rabbit model of destructive pulmonary tuberculosis was used to study the specific features of the cellular composition of the wall of the cavern and its adjacent lung parenchyma during long-term (as long as 6 months) chemotherapy. The morphological findings were compared with the dynamics of isolation of Mycobacteria tuberculosis which, including those unchanged, are one of the main causes of retarded healing processes. The morphological responses generally reflecting the ineffective chemotherapy of destructive pulmonary tuberculosis were identified.

Animals↗
PubMed1996

[The morphofunctional heterogeneity of the alveolar macrophages in disseminated pulmonary tuberculosis].

Morphofunctional heterogeneity of macrophagal elements of bronchoalveolar lavage was investigated cytologically, cytochemically and electron-microscopically in 230 guinea-pigs with generalised tuberculosis and 52 patients with active disseminated tuberculosis. The above clinical and experimental material allowed the authors to reveal common features of the macrophagal reaction, cytochemical and ultrastructural characteristics of macrophagal elements which are of importance for physiological diagnosis and prognosis.

Animals↗