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Biomedical subjects

V V Baker

Publications and source records attributed to V V Baker.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1988

Low rectal resection and anastomosis at the time of pelvic exenteration.

Twenty patients underwent a supra levator total pelvic exenteration with low rectal anastomosis for recurrent or persistent cervical carcinoma following radiotherapy. Fourteen (70%) had complete healing. Five of 9 patients with protective colostomies had complete healing while 9 of 11 without protective colostomies healed. Three of 7 patients with a rectal stump length of less than 6 cm healed while 11 of 13 whose rectal stump was 6 cm or greater experienced complete healing. Overall, 13 of the 20 patients are clinically free of disease and 8 (61%) of those enjoy life with excellent bowel continence. A low rectal anastomosis should be attempted in those patients undergoing a supralevator total pelvic exenteration.

Anastomosis, Surgical↗
PubMed1988

Incisions.

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Abdominal Muscles↗
PubMed1988

Crohn's disease of the vulva.

We have reported a case of Crohn's disease of the vulva, an unusual manifestation of inflammatory bowel disease. The initial management of this condition should be medical, using antibiotics and established regimens to control gastrointestinal symptoms. Surgical therapy is appropriate when medical management fails, as it did in our patient.

Crohn Disease↗
PubMed1987

Effects of plasma on the platelet antiaggregatory action of prostacyclin in pregnancy.

Platelet-poor plasma from 13 nonpregnant, 33 normally pregnant, and eight preeclamptic women was incubated with prostacyclin. The ability of platelet-poor plasma to diminish the antiaggregatory effect of prostacyclin was assessed by measuring this effect on arachidonic acid-induced platelet aggregation. Platelet aggregation greater than 95% in response to arachidonic acid was observed when incubated plasma without exogenous prostacyclin was assayed. When prostacyclin and platelet-poor plasma were preincubated together, subsequent arachidonic acid-induced platelet aggregation measured 9.6% in samples from nonpregnant patients, 40.3% in samples from normally pregnant patients, and 78.2% in samples from patients with preeclampsia. The ability of exogenous prostacyclin to inhibit arachidonic acid-induced platelet aggregation was significantly different in the presence of plasma from nonpregnant, normally pregnant, and preeclamptic women. These observations suggest that a plasma factor may affect the action of prostacyclin during pregnancy.

Arachidonic Acid↗
PubMed1987

Cellular DNA content and CA-125 antigen expression in ovarian carcinomas.

Tumor tissue specimens obtained at the time of disease diagnosis from patients with ovarian carcinoma were analyzed for cellular DNA content and CA-125 antigen expression. The presence or absence of aneuploidy did not influence the expression of the CA-125 antigen. In addition, both intra- and interlesional heterogeneity of cellular DNA content and CA-125 antigen expression were noted.

Aneuploidy↗
PubMed1987

Bryostatin induces changes in protein kinase C location and activity without altering c-myc gene expression in human promyelocytic leukemia cells (HL-60).

When human promyelocytic leukemia cells (HL-60) are induced by phorbol esters to differentiate to macrophages, the process is accompanied by immediate activation of protein kinase C (PK-C) in the cytoplasm and later changes in DNA and RNA synthesis. Although these events are temporarily related, it remains unclear how activation of this protein kinase leads to changes in nuclear transcription. In this study, we find that bryostatin, a macrocyclic lactone which does not induce differentiation of HL-60 cells but activates PK-C, mimics the effects of phorbol esters on protein phosphorylation and PK-C location. Treatment of HL-60 cells with bryostatin stimulates phosphorylation of the surface transferrin receptor and in the cytoplasm of five proteins having the molecular weights of 17-43 kDa over the same time course as that stimulated by phorbol esters. Similarly, prolonged treatment with bryostatin, like that with phorbol esters, causes the loss of all cellular PK-C activity. Unlike the phosphorylation studies, bryostatin treatment, over a 1-100 nM concentration range and for varying lengths of time, did not affect HL-60 c-myc RNA levels, while phorbol ester treatment rapidly decreased c-myc RNA levels. These data suggest that neither the activation of PK-C and the phosphorylation of specific substrates nor the loss of total cellular PK-C activity from HL-60 cells is sufficient to induce marked decreases in c-myc levels and differentiation of HL-60 cells.

Bryostatins↗
PubMed1986

The cardiorespiratory effects of perfluorochemicals on acute carbon monoxide poisoning in the pregnant ewe.

Studies in nonpregnant animal models of carbon monoxide poisoning have demonstrated the protective effect of perfluorochemicals. Anesthetized pregnant ewes were exposed to carbon monoxide. After symptoms of toxicity were demonstrated, group 1 animals were respired with room air. Group 2 animals respired room air and were given intravenous perfluorochemicals. Group 3 animals were administered 100% oxygen. Group 4 animals were given intravenous perfluorochemicals and respired 100% oxygen. In all ewes exposure to carbon monoxide resulted in increased cardiac output, heart rate, and carboxyhemoglobin level without a significant change in arterial oxygen tension. After carbon monoxide exposure, there was no significant difference in the carboxyhemoglobin to oxyhemoglobin conversion between groups 1 and 2 although the conversion rates were more rapid in groups 3 and 4. Fetal oxygenation was improved in groups 3 and 4. All fetal lambs exhibited a progressive increase in carboxyhemoglobin and a decrease in venous pH regardless of the maternal postexposure treatment. There was no significant increase in the fetal venous oxygen content of group 4 as compared with that of group 3, suggesting that the adjunctive administration of limited quantities of perfluorochemicals to the mother offers no apparent advantage over 100% oxygen alone for acute fetal resuscitation.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

Fatal influenza A pneumonia in pregnancy.

Today, influenza A infections are an uncommon cause of maternal morbidity and mortality. This is a report of a 20-year-old pregnant woman who died from pneumonia caused by influenza A/Philippines/1982. The decreased immune system and respiratory functions of pregnancy make pregnant women especially susceptible to having a complicated influenza infection, though such infections probably do not directly threaten the fetus. The use of influenza immunizations and antiviral medication during pregnancy is discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Amniotic fluid embolism. Three case reports with a review of the literature.

Amniotic fluid embolism is a catastrophic event of the intra- and early postpartum period which may also be seen with cesarean delivery and during abortions. Presenting symptomatology includes respiratory distress with cyanosis, shock, and possibly tonic-clonic seizures. DIC frequently occurs. The pathogenesis may include entry of amniotic fluid through lacerations or ruptures of the uterus or cervix, through endocervical veins and through abnormal uteroplacental sites, such as with placental abruption, placenta previa, or placenta accreta. Amniotic fluid probably causes cardiovascular-respiratory symptoms by pulmonary vascular obstruction and through a vasoactive substance causing pulmonary vascular constriction. The lethality of amniotic fluid may be enhanced by a high particulate content or meconium staining. The diagnosis of amniotic fluid embolism may be made ante mortem by demonstrating amniotic fluid debris in central blood samples or expectorated sputum. Postmortem diagnosis often requires meticulous examination of the pulmonary microvasculature with the utilization of special stains. Treatment is directed towards symptoms of shock, arterial hypoxemia, and DIC. Acute renal failure may complicate the picture after shock. If the patient survives the embolic and coagulative problems, recovery is usually complete without long-term sequelae.

Abortion, Missed↗
PubMed1984

Percutaneous nephrostomy in gynecologic oncology.

Percutaneous nephrostomy is a useful method of supravesical diversion when ureteral obstruction occurs at initial diagnosis of gynecologic cancer or recurrence of disease. Although survival is prolonged, the attendant quality of life would indicate that percutaneous nephrostomy should be performed only in those cases in which there is a reasonable chance for palliation or a hope for cure or when temporization is needed to define adequately the etiology of ureteral obstruction following therapy.

Female↗
PubMed1984

Maternal and fetal effects of exchange transfusion with a red blood cell substitute.

Recent reports have demonstrated the efficacy of Fluosol-DA (20%) as a temporary erythrocyte substitute. We investigated two groups of pregnant ewes that underwent exchange transfusion. In group 1, the animals underwent a nearly total isovolemic exchange of Fluosol-DA (20%) for maternal whole blood; in group 2, the red blood cells were removed and the plasma along with Ringer's lactate was replaced isovolumetrically. Although group 1 animals received 100% oxygen and Fluosol-DA (20%), the maternal arterial P02 increased to 350 to 400 torr. However, the maternal blood oxygen content decreased during the exchange, with no change in fetal pH, Pco2, or hematocrit. Maternal blood pressure remained stable and there was a 40% to 50% increase in cardiac output and mean pulmonary arterial pressure. During the exchange, the maternal hematocrit decreased from a mean of 32% to 5.5%; the maternal fluorocrit at the end of the exchange was 9%. Throughout the Fluosol-DA (20%) exchange, the proportion of fetal brain oxyhemoglobin as estimated from infrared transcranial transmittance increased, as did the fetal blood P02 and oxygen content. In group 2, the maternal mean blood pressure decreased, and the hematocrit decreased from a mean of 32% to 8%. Despite an increase in the maternal P02 to 250 torr, the fetal P02 and oxygen content decreased in group 2. This investigation demonstrated that Fluosol-DA (20%) exchange of the mother does not impair delivery of oxygen to the fetus under the conditions of the study.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

Steroid receptors in endolymphatic stromal myosis.

Endolymphatic stromal myosis is a neoplasm derived from the endometrial stromal cell. As such it should respond to hormonal manipulation. Reported are positive estrogen and progesterone cytosol receptors in three cases of endolymphatic stromal myosis with disease regression following progestational therapy. Estrogen and progesterone receptor studies are recommended in all cases of endolymphatic stromal myosis. When positive, progestational therapy is appropriate.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

Rifampin and cefazolin as prophylactic agents. A comparison in an animal model of vascular graft infection.

We investigated rifampin and cefazolin sodium as prophylactic agents in a dog model of vascular graft infection. A 1-cm segment of 3-mm-diameter polytetrafluoroethylene (Gore-tex) graft was sewn into the right carotid artery of each dog, and prior to closure, 10(3) Staphylococcus organisms sensitive to both cefazolin and rifampin were injected over the graft. The dogs were killed five days after surgery and the grafts cultured. Infection occurred in 100% of controls, 58% of cefazolin-pretreated dogs, and 17% of rifampin-pretreated dogs. Mean blood levels of antibiotics were assayed as follows: cefazolin, 50.1 micrograms/mL; rifampin, 2.9 micrograms/mL. Both were well above the minimal inhibitory concentration. Thus, rifampin proved to be more effective than cefazolin in this animal model.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

A bcl-x(S) adenovirus demonstrates therapeutic efficacy in an ascites model of human breast cancer.

OBJECTIVES: To determine whether a Bcl-x(S) adenoviral vector has therapeutic potential in an ascites model of human breast cancer in nude mice. METHODS: Advanced ascites were developed by injecting mice intraperitoneally (IP) with MDA-MB-231 human breast carcinoma cells. Mice received sequential IP injections of the Bcl-x(S) virus or a control lac-Z adenovirus. A third group of mice received no virus. Tumor burden and survival were monitored. Histopathology and necropsies were performed on mice. RESULTS: A single injection of the Bcl-x(S) adenovirus produced no systemic or local toxicity and no abnormal histopathology in normal mice. However, abdominal organs within these mice were transduced with the Bcl-x(S) vector. Adenoviral gene transduction efficiency in MDA-MB-231 ascites was 36+/-6.40% (n = 3). Percent weight change differences revealed that ascites bearing mice injected three times with the Bcl-x(S) vector showed a statistically significant decrease in tumor burden compared with lac-Z-injected mice (n = 7; P = .012 on days 10-15 after the first injection). Mice injected with the Bcl-x(S) vector had significantly greater survival relative to lac-Z-injected mice (n = 7; P = .0004). Bcl-x(S) protein expression was detected in aspirates of mice injected with the Bcl-x(S) vector but not the lac-Z vector. Necropsies revealed that ascites bearing mice injected with Bcl-x(S) vector lacked carcinoma in the peritoneal cavity compared with control mice. CONCLUSION: The Bcl-x(S) adenovirus can reduce tumor burden and increase survival in an ascites model of advanced stage breast cancer.

Adenoviridae↗