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Biomedical subjects

V Taylor

Publications and source records attributed to V Taylor.

67 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1979

Intact heel decubitus: an innovative treatment with a special cleansing sponge.

An innovative treatment of intact blue-black heel decubitus with a nonmedicated cleansing sponge was investigated. Forty-five patients over an 18-month period were identified with this type of decubitus and were treated tid for 21 days with a soak and massage of the heel. Analysis of variance was based on changes in size, color, and pliability of decubitus.

Analysis of Variance↗
PubMed1976

Ultrasonic diagnosis of choledochal cyst in pregnancy.

Two patients are reported with obstructive jaundice in pregnancy. In one of these ultrasonic scanning confirmed a diagnosis of choledochal cyst, and in the other made this diagnosis. Ultrasonic scanning is suggested as the preliminary radiological examination for obstructive jaundice in pregnancy. Any patient with a clinical diagnosis of choledochal cysts should have an ultrasonic scan.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Eliminating the issue of skin color in assessment of the blanch response.

OBJECTIVE: The high melanin concentration in dark skin prevents the observation of a blanch response to light finger pressure. The objective of this study was to determine the ability of visible and near-infrared spectroscopy (the technique used in pulse oximetry) to monitor a blanch response from in vivo spectra in individuals with light and dark skin, based on changes in blood volume. DESIGN: A quasi-experimental repeated measures design was employed. A stepper motor with an attached spectrophotometer probe was used to deliver controlled pressure to the participants' forearms, mimicking the finger-blanching test. Visible and near-infrared spectra were acquired throughout the blanching cycle. SETTING: The In Vivo Tissue Optics Lab at the Institute for Biodiagnostics, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada. PARTICIPANTS: A convenience sample of 10 healthy light-skinned individuals and 10 healthy dark-skinned individuals. RESULTS: Determined by analysis of the spectra, the 2 groups differed in pigmentation in both the visible (P<.01) and near-infrared (P<.01) regions of the absorbance spectrum. There was a significant difference in total hemoglobin at high and low pressure in both the visible (P<.01) and near-infrared (P<.05) regions. CONCLUSIONS: The observation of a significant difference in total hemoglobin at high and low pressure in both light- and dark-skinned groups in this study demonstrates the ability of visible and near-infrared spectroscopy to monitor blood volume changes associated with a blanch response. These findings support the potential use of this technology as the basis of a clinically useful blanch response tool that is insensitive to skin color.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Facilitators and barriers to cervical cancer screening among Chinese Canadian women.

BACKGROUND: Chinese Canadian women have higher cervical cancer incidence, and lower Pap testing, rates than the general Canadian population. Predisposing, enabling and reinforcing factors associated with ever having a Pap test, and having a recent Pap test within the last 2 years, were assessed in Chinese women in British Columbia using the PRECEDE-PROCEED model. METHOD: Chinese women (n=512) between the ages of 20 and 79 years and residing in Greater Vancouver were interviewed about Pap testing, health care, traditional health beliefs, acculturation and sociodemographic characteristics. Two analyses were done, comparing women who had ever and never had a Pap test, and comparing women who had and had not received a recent Pap test. Focus groups and qualitative interviews ensured cultural sensitivity in the survey questionnaire. RESULTS: Seventy-six percent reported ever having a Pap test and 57% reported having a Pap test within the last 2 years. Traditional health beliefs were not associated with ever or recent Pap testing. However, belief that Pap testing prevented cancer and general knowledge about the Pap test were associated with screening. Concern about pain/discomfort with the test, availability of time, culturally sensitive health care services and recommendation for Pap testing by a physician were also associated with screening. Factors differed for ever, and recently, having a Pap test. INTERPRETATION: Pap testing is less common among Chinese Canadian women. Continuing education about Pap testing is recommended for physicians serving underscreened Chinese women. Culturally and linguistically appropriate educational materials are needed for the Chinese community.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Cervical cytology quality assurance in Washington State.

The objectives of this study were to establish a profile of cervical cytology laboratories in Washington State, identify quality assurance problems amenable to correction through education or legislation, and describe differences between large and small cytology laboratories. All 43 Washington laboratories that perform cervical cytology were surveyed by mail during 1989. Completed surveys were returned by 37 (86%) of the laboratories. Nearly half (43%) of the respondents reported processing less than 10,000 Papanicolaou smears annually. Only one-third (35%) of the respondents reported participating in relevant proficiency programs. A proportion of smaller cytology laboratories were compensating their cytotechnologists on the basis of the number of slides read and allowing Papanicolaou smears to be read outside the confines of the laboratory. The results of this study suggest that cytotechnologists in some larger Washington laboratories have been exceeding work load limits recommended by professional associations. Recent legislation includes regulations that address cervical cytology quality assurance. However, continued efforts will need to be made to encourage voluntary adoption of quality control measures not addressed by this legislation.

Female↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Specialty differences and the ordering of screening mammography by primary care physicians.

BACKGROUND: Careful attention to factors that affect women and their physicians is necessary to achieve the national goal that, by the year 2000, 60 percent of women should have had a screening mammogram in the previous 2 years. This report evaluates factors that differentiate primary care physicians who regularly order mammograms from those who do not. The study was conducted as part of a large demonstration project in Washington State and includes a survey of women served by the physicians. METHODS: We conducted a survey of primary care physicians and women in four counties to assess factors that influenced self-reported ordering of screening mammography. RESULTS: Among the 73 percent of family physicians, general practitioners, internists, and obstetrician-gynecologists who returned the questionnaire, there were more obstetrician-gynecologists (76 percent) who reported ordering screening mammograms in 90 percent or more of women aged 50 to 75 years, but they cared for only 15 percent of women in the sample. Women's survey results confirmed the physicians' reported differences and also revealed demographic characteristics that distinguished populations associated with particular primary care specialists. These specialists differed in their perceptions of their colleague's mammography practices, the adequacy of insurance coverage, and how often they had spent an unreasonable time explaining mammography results. In a multivariate model of factors expected to influence behavior, performance of clinical breast examination rather than specialty was the salient factor associated with ordering screening mammography. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that the context of practice, rather than specialty type or beliefs about mammography, has the major influence upon behavior. To achieve national screening mammography goals in the Northwest, we must influence the context of family physicians' preventive care practices because they care for 47 percent of women aged 50 years or older.

Aged↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Public awareness of the risks of drinking alcohol during pregnancy: the effects of a television campaign. Child Health Committee, Manitoba Medical Association.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the impact of a television public awareness campaign on knowledge of the dangers of drinking alcohol during pregnancy. DESIGN: A survey with five questions on alcohol and pregnancy and five health questions unrelated to alcohol was administered before and after the campaign. PARTICIPANTS: Three thousand women aged 15-45 years. INTERVENTION: A 30-second announcement with a message on alcohol and pregnancy was broadcast over ten weeks by five television stations in Manitoba. RESULTS: More respondents after the campaign thought that alcohol consumption in pregnancy would put the baby at risk, and attributed this information to "television". There were no differences in the responses to the five health questions unrelated to alcohol. CONCLUSIONS: An increase in awareness of the risks of drinking alcohol during pregnancy was observed after a mass media campaign.

Adolescent↗