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Biomedical subjects

V Spicák

Publications and source records attributed to V Spicák.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1997

Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of cetirizine in infants and toddlers.

The pharmacokinetics of the second generation H1-receptor antagonist cetirizine were studied in 15 infants and toddlers (mean +/- SD age, 12.3 +/- 5.4 months) who were treated with a single 0.25 mg/kg dose of cetirizine solution. The infants and toddlers were hospitalized for recurrent respiratory infections or other hypersensitivity-related diseases. Blood samples were collected at 1/2, 1, 11/2, 2, 4, 6, 8, 12, and 24 hours, and a 24-hour urine sample was obtained. A peak plasma level of 390 +/- 135 ng/ml was observed after 2.0 +/- 1.3 hours. The elimination half-life was 3.1 +/- 1.8 hours, the apparent oral body clearance was 2.13 +/- 1.15 ml/min/kg, and the apparent volume of distribution was 0.44 +/- 0.19 L/kg. The excretion of unchanged cetirizine in six complete urinary collections was 62.7% +/- 13.2% of the administered dose. An additional pharmacodynamic study (inhibition of the histamine-induced wheal and flare) was performed in 10 of these infants and toddlers, after the intake of 0.25 mg/kg cetirizine twice a day for at least 4 days. A 90% +/- 12% inhibition of the wheal and a 87% +/- 17% inhibition of the flare were still observed 12 hours after the last intake. The duration of the H1-inhibition by cetirizine at the cutaneous level is thus longer in infants and toddlers than could be inferred from its pharmacokinetics; the level of inhibition at 12 hours was the same as in older age groups.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1989

[Pharmacokinetics and chronotherapy of delayed action theophylline (Euphyllin CR)].

Monitoring of theophyllinaemia in the course of 24 h during treatment with theophylline anhydrate capsules (Euphyllin CR) was used in 20 children (9-15 years) and in 20 adults (18-61 years) with bronchial asthma. The doses used in children were 5.96 mg/kg at 7 a.m. and 10.2 mg/kg at 7 p.m., while in adults the morning and evening doses were similar (4.35 and 4.89 mg/kg). After the first dose in the morning the serum theophylline concentration (STC) did not differ in children and adults (10.4 and 10.5 mg/l). In adults the half-time of absorption was twice as high as in children (0.63 and 0.3 h), as well as the time when the peak theophylline concentration was reached (2.7 and 1.39 h). In children a double dose of the drug at night ensured a STC of 11.2 mg/l and a maximum theophyllinaemia (C max = 13.5 mg/l between 8 p.m. and 6 a.m. (measured by the EMIT method). In adults the values during the night were significantly lower than in day-time (STC: ANOVA test P less than 0.05, C max: T-test P less than 0.01). The percentage fluctuation in individual subjects was small (36-49) interindividual, fluctuations in children and adults were considerable (105 to 207). From the chronoprofile of the pharmacokinetics of Euphyllin CR ensues that at the age of 9-15 years the most important indicators are similar to those in adults and that both groups should be given at night a double dose, as compared with that administered in the morning.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

[Detection of specific antibodies to all classes, including IgE, against pollen allergens using the ELISA test].

The authors describe a modification of the immunoenzymatic test suitable for estimation (sensitive dedection) of specific antibodies against pollen allergens of all classes of immunoglobulins, incl. specific IgE. When introducing the method, sera of experimental rabbits immunized with selected allergens were used. After elaboration of suitable conditions, the method was used to assess the presence of specific antibodies in sera of patients with the diagnosis of pollinosis. It was found that the most suitable concentration of pollen allergen combined with the solid phase for detection of specific IgE is 100 micrograms/ml, the optimal concentration of glutaraldehyde used to increase the amount of allergen combined with the solid phase by its polymerization and fixation is 0.25%. The use of the method does not call for special equipment and uses locally produced products. The method is useful for supplementing the diagnosis and its more accurate assessment under clinical conditions when biological tests cannot be used for diagnosis. The test makes monitoring during immunotherapy possible.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

[Use of the interruption method in the measurement of respiratory tract resistance in children].

In a group of 50 children with a negative case- history as regards airways and lacking acute respiratory disease, the authors assessed the resistance of the airways on a whole-body plethysmograph and by using the interruptor method on a Bronchoscreen (Jaeger) apparatus. The authors found a satisfactory correlation of the two methods (r = 0.7). When relating the resulting values of resistance to height, greater differences were found between the two methods in younger children; with increasing height the differences disappear. For the relationship of the resistance assessed by the interruptor method and height in our group a Rint regression equation was calculated [kPa/(l/s)] = -0.00765 X height (cm) + 1,565.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

[The further development of bronchial asthma which began in childhood].

The paper evaluates the contemporary health status in 115 former child asthmatics, investigated in the past at the allergological department of the First Paediatric Clinic and Faculty Policlinic in Prague-Motol. The data were obtained by processing of a questionnaire and retrospective analysis of the patients' health records. The mean age of the investigated group is 26 years (21-37) incl. 77 men and 38 women. Of these 85, i.e. 74%, still suffer from asthma in adult age, incl. almost half (55 patients) who suffer from the milder form, only one quarter suffers from the more severe form (30 patients) and in one quarter the quiescent stage has been reached. In those where asthma persists there is concurrent eczema (26%), pollinosis (44%), other forms of allergy (43%). Where asthma is in the quiescent stage, eczema is present in 10%, pollinosis in 33% and other allergies in 27% of the investigated subjects. A greater probability of favourable development is in boys as compared with girls and in those without a family-history of allergy and where the disease developed only during late childhood and the patients themselves do not suffer from any other allergosis. A positive family-history of allergy, early onset of the disease and concurrent eczema signalize a poorer prognosis.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Comparative pharmacokinetic analysis of theophylline in serum and saliva.

The kinetics of theophylline disposition in serum and saliva was evaluated after single and multiple circadian administration of a sustained-release theophylline formulation (Euphyllin CR) to 20 asthmatic children. Salivary concentrations were proportional to serum drug levels, with the significant correlation of r = 0.92. The kinetics of theophylline absorption and elimination and the mean residence time were identical in both saliva and serum estimations. In steady-state conditions after multiple drug administration, the area under the concentration-time curve and the magnitude of peak levels in saliva were reduced proportionally with decreased serum theophylline concentrations. The significantly higher volume of theophylline distribution in saliva confirmed that salivary concentrations represent the free, pharmacologically active fraction in plasma. The determination of theophylline salivary levels could therefore be of clinical importance. The values of the saliva/serum ratio determined in the elimination phase of concentration-time curves for individual patients were constant and stable over the treatment period of three weeks. Saliva appears to be a convenient and noninvasive alternative to blood for the assessment of the variable pharmacokinetic parameters of theophylline and for around-the-clock monitoring of individual dosage regimens, especially in paediatric patients.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1980

Simple models of pharmacological protection against induced bronchial obstruction.

The authors assessed the action of drugs against bronchial obstruction induced by inhalation of pollen allergen in 54 patients during the symptom-free period of bronchial asthma. Protection against pollen allergen was provided by disodium cromoglycate (Intal-nasal)--20 mg--in 96% of patients (P less than 0.001), by beclomethasone dipropionate (Becotide)--400 microgram--only in 17% of the investigated subjects (effect is not statistically significant) and by the antihistamine preparation Dithiaden administered by the i. v. route, 1 mg, in 46% of the patients (P less than 0.01). The authors made a detailed statistical analysis and discuss the causes of different results as regards the protective action of the investigated drugs.

Adolescent↗