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Biomedical subjects

V Singh

Publications and source records attributed to V Singh.

At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed2001

Use of radioiodine in adolescent Graves' disease.

Childhood hyperthyroidism is most commonly due to Graves' disease and often proves a therapeutic challenge. The high risk of relapse following medical management frequently necessitates definitive treatment. Radioactive iodine has been used for 60 years to treat hyperthyroidism. It is efficacious, cheap and safe. However, there is still some reluctance to use it in children. We report on the use and excellent short-term outcome of radioiodine therapy in five children with Graves' disease.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2001

Dural arteriovenous fistula associated with prothrombin gene mutation.

An association between dural arteriovenous fistula and cerebral sinus thrombosis is reported. It is clear in several cases that thrombosis precedes the development of the fistula while it is unclear that it occurs in every case. The authors report a case of a woman with sinus thrombosis and presence of prothrombin gene mutation who subsequently developed a large dural arteriovenous fistula. Various possible factors involved in the pathogenesis of a dural fistula are discussed, with emphasis on underlying thrombophilia and oral contraceptive use in this patient.

Adult↗
PubMed2001

Analysis of fluoride levels retained intraorally or ingested following routine clinical applications of topical fluoride products.

A variety of topical fluorides is now used clinically for the prevention and control of dental caries. It is essential for the dental profession to be fully aware of the relative retention rates of fluoride in saliva and thus its contact with the teeth. These may vary following the use of the different categories and concentrations of agents available and with different methods of use. It is also important to be aware of the amounts of fluoride ion ingested following use of the more concentrated forms and of the resultant elevation in total blood fluoride levels. These parameters were investigated in a series of experiments involving human volunteer subjects using a variety of topical fluoride materials commercially available in Australia. Fluoride mouthrinses appeared to provide the highest salivary retention rates per dose of all forms of topical fluoride. Ingestion rates from concentrated gels were acceptable when effective evacuation methods were applied. The use of custom-made trays resulted in a reduction in amounts of fluoride ion ingested, though simple self-application by toothbrush of smaller quantities proved to be an effective alternative in terms of amount of fluoride ion retained in saliva per amount applied and ingested. None of the concentrated gels used resulted in elevations in total blood fluoride levels which were of concern in adults. It is acknowledged that salivary retention rates of fluoride ion do not necessarily reflect the caries inhibitory effects of topical fluorides. However, these data provide some indication of possible advantages of some products and methods of application over others.

Adult↗
PubMed2001

Characterization of human FSH isoforms reveals a nonglycosylated beta-subunit in addition to the conventional glycosylated beta-subunit.

Human FSH consists of a mixture of isoforms that can be separated on the basis of differences in negative charge conferred by variations in the numbers of sialic acid residues that terminate oligosaccharide branches. Western analysis of human FSH isoforms separated by chromatofocusing revealed the presence of two human FSHbeta isoforms that differed in size. A low mol wt human FSHbeta isoform was associated with all FSH isoform fractions. A high mol wt human FSHbeta isoform was associated with the more acidic fractions and increased in relative abundance as the pI decreased. Characterization of representative human FSHbeta isoforms by mass spectrometry and automated Edman degradation revealed a low mol wt isoform that was not glycosylated. A high mol wt isoform was N-glycosylated at Asn residues 7 and 24. These results indicate that pituitary human FSH consists of two classes of molecules: those that possess a nonglycosylated beta-subunit and those that possess a glycosylated beta-subunit. Glycoprotein hormones are known to be elliptical molecules, and the beta-subunit oligosaccharides project outward from the short diameter, thereby increasing it. It is interesting to speculate that this change in shape might affect ultrafiltration rates, leading to differences in delivery rates to target tissues and elimination by filtration in the kidney.

Animals↗
PubMed2001

Liposome encapsulated tumor-associated antigens elicited humoral and cellular immune responses in mice bearing tumor.

Chemically induced tumors in mice provide a system to investigate tumor-associated antigens (TAA). The cell surface glycoprotein antigens on such tumor cells have been identified as suitable targets for immune attack. The induction of immune responses against (TAA) in N-nitrosodiethylamine (DEN) exposed mice has been examined. In order to present antigens to the immune system, the liposome was used as vehicle to deliver the TAA. Liposomal-TAA formulation, elicited both humoral and the cellular immune responses, when administered intramuscularly in DEN-exposed mice. Presence of circulatory antibodies against TAA and the induction of cellular responses in immunized mice were monitored using ELISA and in vitro cell proliferation assay of lymphocytes respectively. Specificity of antibody against TAA in immune sera was analysed using immunoblotting technique. Based on these results, it is proposed that the liposome encapsulated TAA may successfully be used to induce humoral and cellular immune responses against tumor.

Animals↗
PubMed2001

Plasma concentrations of lipid peroxidation products in children with acute leukaemia.

Acute leukaemia is the most common childhood malignancy. The cause of leukaemia is not known in most of the cases and of late free radicals have been implicated in the pathogenesis of leukaemia. The degree of lipid peroxidation was studied in the present study as a marker of disease activity in 15 patients of acute lymphoblastic leukaemia and 20 healthy age and sex matched individuals served as control. Serum malonaldehyde (MDA) levels were increased in leukaemia and were higher in the active phase of disease as compared to those in remission, Hence, serum MDA estimation in leukaemia can be of help in diagnosis and to predict the chances of relapse.

Biomarkers, Tumor↗
PubMed2001

Early detection of cervical cancer through acetic acid application--an aided visual inspection.

OBJECTIVE: To assess the sensitivity and specificity of visual inspection of cervix for detection of precancerous and early cancerous lesions of cervix. METHODS: In a Maternal and Child Health Care setting of New Delhi women underwent a detailed pelvic examination, visual inspection of cervix after 5% acetic acid application, cytology (pap smear), detailed colposcopic examination and colposcopic directed biopsy when indicated. RESULTS: Findings of aided visual inspection using 5% acetic acid and of cytology were evaluated among symptomatic 402 women against colposcopic findings and/or histologic reports. Seventy-three mild dysplasias, 50 moderate dysplasias, 45 severe dysplasias/Carcinoma in-situ and 40 early invasive cancerous cases were diagnosed histologically. The sensitivity of cytology (75.3%) was higher compared to that of acetic acid application (52.0%) for mild dysplasias. On the other hand, the sensitivity for detecting moderate dysplasias was 78% for cytology and 81.6% for acetic acid; for severe dysplasias/carcinoma in-situ it was 73.3% for cytology and 86.7% for acetic acid. For invasive cancers sensitivity for acetic acid application and cytology (95% for both modalities) was comparable. The specificity of cytology (99%) was higher compared to that of acetic acid application (94.3%). The false positive rate for cytology was 1.0% as against 5.7% for acetic acid application. The results of acetic acid application also showed a remarkable improvement in the sensitivity of unaided visual inspection for early cancerous lesion which was about 60% for early cancerous lesion and only 12% for mild dysplastic and 20% for moderate and severe dysplastic lesions in our earlier experience. It also reduced the false positive rates from 12% by unaided visual inspection to 5.7% by acetic acid application. Furthermore, cost of detection of one true lesion through acetic acid application (Rs.1689.00) was much lower as compared to the cost involved in cytology detected true lesions (Rs.2227.00). Visual inspection without acetic acid incurred Rs.6608.60 for detection of true lesion. CONCLUSION: Screening for cervical precancerous and cancerous lesions using visual inspection aided by acetic acid may be a suitable low-cost and a feasible alternative modality for control of cervical cancer in a resource poor setting.

Acetic Acid↗
PubMed2001

Role of positive charge of lysine residue on ribosome-inactivating property of gelonin.

The report that gelonin cross-linked with monoclonal antibodies with the use of 2-iminothiolane (2-IT) exhibited higher cytotoxicity than the conjugates prepared with the use of N-succinimidyl-3-(2-pyridylthio) propionate (SPDP) alone, has prompted us to investigate the effect of epsilon-NH2 group modification with 2-IT on the ribosome-inactivating property (RIP) of gelonin. The purified gelonin was modified with 2-IT at a different molar ratio and their effects on immunoreactivity and ribosome-inactivating property were compared with those of N-succinimidyl 6-[3-(2-pyridyldithio) propionamido] hexanoate (long chain-SPDP) and SPDP modified gelonin derivatives. Modification of single amino group with 2-IT results in about 25-50% inhibition of immunoreactivity and 60-70% loss of protein synthesis inhibition activity. Modification of 2-3 amino groups further hampers both immunoreactivity and protein synthesis inhibition property of gelonin. Both the long chain-SPDP with SPDP modifications showed more pronounced effects on immunoreactivity and RIP activity as compared to the similar ratio of 2-IT modification(s). It may, therefore, be concluded that the positive charge plays an important role in the immunological as well as the protein synthesis inhibitory effect of gelonin.

Antigens↗
PubMed2001

Transcranial Doppler ultrasonography in the neurologic intensive care unit.

Transcranial doppler ultrasonography (TCD) is a noninvasive monitoring tool which allows imaging of blood flow velocities in intracranial blood vessels. It is safe, portable, easy to perform and provides accurate information regarding underlying physiology which may help to guide therapy in critically ill neurologic patients. It has significantly contributed to the management of vasospasm related to subarachnoid hemorrhage in the neurologic intensive care unit. TCD is also helpful in the early diagnosis of a variety of complications that can occur in patients with head injury such as vasospasm, elevated intracranial pressure and disordered cerebral autoregulation. Careful performance of the test and experienced interpretation can identify TCD waveforms indicative of cerebral circulatory arrest, an ancillary finding used for the diagnosis of brain death. TCD is likely to play a larger role in evaluation of the patient in the future because of its safety, portability and ability to define moment-to-moment changes in cerebral blood flow velocities and cerebral blood flow.

Blood Flow Velocity↗
PubMed2001

Coronary atherosclerosis in Mangalore--a random post mortem study.

A study was undertaken in Mangalore, South Kanara District of Karnataka, India to evaluate the rising prevalence of coronary artery diseases in our country. Seventy hearts were analysed, at post-mortem, between December 1996 and December 1997. The coronary arteries and the myocardium were examined, both grossly and histologically, to relate them with regard to the age and gender of the deceased. Fifty five hearts were from males and 15 were from females. Forty eight (68.59%) hearts were proven to be afflicted with coronary atherosclerosis. Twenty seven of these had three or four vessel disease. A total of 192 sections from the four major epicardial arteries of the 48 hearts were examined. Of these, 124 showed atherosclerosis (with 37 in advanced stages), of which 103 were occlusive lesions while the remaining 21 were fatty streaks. Severe stenosis (grade III or IV) was commonest in the left anterior descending artery. Twenty one (30%) of the 70 hearts showed histological evidence of myocardial ischaemia. Of these 6 were from females and 15 were males. Myocardial ischaemia was found to have no correlation to the severity of stenosis.

Accidents, Traffic↗
PubMed2001

Neuroglial cyst: a rare occurence in abdomen and pelvis.

We hereby report a case of a child who presented with abdominal distension and urinary retention. Radiological investigations and exploratory laparotomy revealed a cystic mass in the sacral region pushing the urinary bladder anteriorly and upwards. Histopathological examination revealed neuroglial elements. Neuroglial cysts are uncommon outside the central nervous system and this is the first report of its occurrence in abdomen and pelvis.

Abdomen↗
PubMed2001

Anti microbial activity of dimercaptosuccinic acid (DMSA): a new chelating agent.

Successful outcome of endodontic treatment depends on elimination of bacteria and their products present in the root canal. It has been reported that after careful chemicomechanical preparation, smear layer is formed on the walls of canal, which contains bacteria and their products. Chelating agents, when used during chemicomechanical preparation, remove the smear layer. DMSA--a new chelating agent, when used in root canals, removes the smear layer more than EDTA when used as irrigant in root canals. This study was conducted to determine whether DMSA has anti microbial activity and compare it with EDTA. The results show that EDTA (10% & 15%) had marked anti microbial activity, both on culture plates and in broth. DMSA (10% & 15%) did not show anti microbial activity on culture plates while in broth it had marked activity.

Anti-Infective Agents, Local↗
PubMed2001

Protection against rotavirus diarrhoea in mice by trypsin inhibitor.

To investigate the role of soyabean trypsin inhibitor (TI) during rotavirus (RV) diarrhoea, changes in enzyme activities of six relevant mucosal enzymes (lactase, sucrase, maltase, trehalase, glucoamylase and alkaline phosphatase) were assayed following inoculation of suckling mice with EB rotavirus (serotype 3) along with the TI and compared with the age-matched healthy control mice. The animals were divided into three groups i.e. group 1 (controls), group 2 (RV inoculated) and group 3 (RV + TI inoculated and sacrificed under light anaesthesia on 0, 1, 3, 5, 7 and 10 day post inoculation (dpi). Then intestines were excised and divided into two parts (jejunum and ileum). They were separately homogenized in 0.9% cold normal saline and activities of mucosal enzyme were measured. Alkaline phosphatase and disaccharidases were found to be decreased significantly in RV inoculated animals in both the anatomical portions of small intestine of mice. These enzyme levels were restored with the administration of TI i.e. in group 3 and became comparable to the controls in both intestinal portions. These studies suggest that activity of intestinal enzymes which are important in digestive absorptive functions of small intestine were restored with the addition of TI whengiven to infant mice showing its protective efficacy during rotavirus infection.

Animals↗
PubMed2001

Provocative discography in low back pain patients with or without somatization disorder: a randomized prospective evaluation.

Recent reports of provocative discography not only instill confusion, but also create numerous questions about its value in evaluating low back pain. It was reported that provocative discography produced pain in patients who were not suffering with low back pain but suffering with somatization disorder and depression. This study was designed to evaluate 50 randomly assigned patients, with 25 patients in Group I without somatization disorder and 25 patients in Group II with diagnosis of somatization disorder. In addition, depression, generalized anxiety disorder and combinations thereof were also evaluated. All patients underwent discography, investigating two to three discs in each patient. All studies included a control level with a disc that did not produce the patient's pain upon injection of contrast medium. Provocation with exact pain reproduction concordant with the symptom complex upon injection of contrast into the disc was considered positive. Any other response, with or without pain, was considered negative. Results showed positive provocative discography in 46% of the patients in the somatization group compared to 54% in the non-somatization group; in 46% of patients with depression compared to 54% of patients without depression; in 15 of 30 patients with generalized anxiety disorder; in 11 of 20 patients without generalized anxiety disorder; and in 42% of patients with combined somatization and depression, with negative discography in 58% of the patients. It is concluded that provocative discography provides similar results in patients with or without somatization, with or without depression, with somatization but with or without depression or with other combinations of the psychological triad of somatization disorder, depression, and generalized anxiety disorder.

Journal Article↗
PubMed2001

Spinal endoscopy and lysis of epidural adhesions in the management of chronic low back pain.

Spinal endoscopy with epidural adhesiolysis is an interventional pain management technique which emerged during the 1990s. It is an invasive but important treatment modality in managing chronic low back pain that is nonresponsive to other modalities of treatment, including percutaneous spring guided adhesiolysis and transforaminal epidural injections. While epidural adhesions most commonly result following surgical intervention of the spine, leakage of disc material into the epidural space following an anular tear, or an inflammatory response can also result in their formation. Even though advanced technology, including computerized tomography and magnetic resonance imaging,have made significant advances in the diagnosis of epidural fibrosis, it is believed that epidural adhesions resulting in chronic persistent pain are poorly managed. Percutaneous endoscopic lysis of epidural scar tissue has been shown to be cost effective and a safe modality. This review discusses various aspects of endoscopic adhesiolysis, including clinical effectiveness, complications, rationale, and indications.

Journal Article↗