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Biomedical subjects

V Schauf

Publications and source records attributed to V Schauf.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1982

An outbreak of congenital rubella in Chicago.

After an outbreak of rubella in Chicago in 1978, an intensive survey of local health care personnel and hospital records identified 31 infants with congenital rubella syndrome (CRS). Rubella virus was isolated from 11 infants; rubella-IgM antibodies were demonstrated in seven infants; ten babies had persistent high rubella hemagglutination-inhibition (HI) titers. The incidence of CRS in Chicago between July 1978 and June 1979 was 48.9 per 100,000 live births. Mothers of babies with CRS frequently remembered a crash-illness during pregnancy (56%), were unmarried (74%), and were primigravidas (64%). No mother had received rubella vaccine. Review of prenatal rubella HI testing and follow-up immunization in one hospital showed that only eight (10.8%) of 74 seronegative women received rubella vaccine physicians need to place increased emphasis on detection and vaccination of susceptible adult women.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1982

Tobramycin and gentamicin are equally safe for neonates: results of a double-blind randomized trial with quantitative assessment of renal function.

The frequent use of aminoglycosides in neonates led us to compare tobramycin and gentamicin because some studies in adults and animals suggested a safety advantage for tobramycin. In a randomized, double-blind comparison, 50 infants < or = 3 days old received either tobramycin or gentamicin, 2.5 mg/kg/12 hr, for a mean of 8 days. The groups were similar for gestational age, birth weight, underlying disease, Apgar score, clinical condition, renal function, and concurrent use of other drugs. Trough and postdose serum concentrations of both drugs were similar in each weight group. Renal status at onset, during or up to 2 wk after therapy was also similar, as judged by urinalysis, serum creatinine, fractional excretion of Na, urine N-acetyl-beta-glucosaminidase, and urine to serum creatinine ratio. Nephrotoxicity occurred in four infants (13%) receiving tobramycin and three infants (15%) receiving gentamicin. No otoxicity, as measured by auditory brainstem response, was noted in either group. Tobramycin offered no safety advantages over gentamicin in neonates, and the choice between the agents should be based on other considerations, such as susceptibility of the pathogen and cost.

Bacterial Infections↗
PubMed1982

Aberrant immunoregulatory control of B lymphocyte function in lepromatous leprosy.

The capacity of peripheral blood mononuclear (PBM) cells from patients with leprosy to generate immunoglobulin-secreting cells in response to pokeweed mitogen (PWM) was evaluated by a reverse haemolytic plaque forming cell (PFC) assay. The PFC responses of PBM cells from patients with lepromatous (Lpr) leprosy were significantly higher (P less than 0.01) than those of PBM cells from normal controls and patients with tuberculoid leprosy. Co-culture of T lymphocytes from normal donors with PBM cells from Lpr patients reduced the PFC response of these cells to the normal range. T4+-helper lymphocytes from Lpr donors did not induce supranormal responses to PWM by normal PBM cells enriched for B lymphocytes. T8+-suppressor lymphocytes from normal donors greatly reduced the response of cultures containing normal allogeneic B cells plus T4+ cells. Conversely, when T8+ cells from Lpr donors were cocultured with normal B cells plus T4+ cells, they failed to suppress the response to PWM. In summary, these studies have demonstrated abnormally high PWM-stimulated PFC responses by B lymphocytes from patients with Lpr leprosy. This aberration, in turn, is associated with a loss of regulatory function by T8+-suppressor cells in Lpr patients.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

Decreased cell-mediated immunity to respiratory syncytial virus in multiple sclerosis.

We compared lymphocyte transformation to respiratory syncytial virus in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) and in healthy controls. Lymphocyte transformation was decreased in MS in the presence or absence of autologous plasma, adding to the evidence that cellular immunity to viral antigens may be broadly impaired in MS, and does not occur uniquely for any single virus.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

IgE antibodies to Mycoplasma pneumoniae in asthma and other atopic diseases.

IgE antibodies to Mycoplasma pneumoniae antigens were measured by RAST assay in 152 patients with asthma and other IgE and non-IgE mediated diseases. Five patients with asthma and/or atopic dermatitis had highly elevated Mycoplasma RAST binding ratios, p < 0.001. For these five patients the ratios ranged from 1.78 to 4.74. These increased ratios persisted at least two to 16 months in three of four individuals who were evaluated sequentially. RAST inhibition studies using Mycoplasma pneumoniae, Mycoplasma control, Streptococcus MG and viral antigens showed the specificity of binding for M. pneumoniae in these five patients indicating the presence of IgE antibodies to M. pneumoniae.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1980

Netilmicin use in pediatric patients.

40 newborn infants and children were treated with netilmicin. With a 2-mg/kg dose, the average peak serum concentration was 4.4 microgram/ml. Serum concentrations resulting from the first dose were markedly lower than subsequent doses and therapeutically inadequate. Significant drug accumulation did not occur: peak and trough concentrations on days 2 and 7 were the same in patients with normal renal function. The half-life of netilmicin in infants less than 1 week old was 3.8 h in infants older than 1 week. Infants less than 7 days old require a prolonged dose interval (12 h) to adequately clear the administered dose. Recovery of netilmicin in urine ranged from 50 to 100% and correlated with age and duration of treatment. Elimination of netilmicin was prolonged in newborn infants with renal failure and requires dosage adjustment. Transient change in creatinine clearance occurred in 2 patients (4.6%) and ototoxicity was observed on 2 other patients.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1979

Fatal tuberculosis in young children.

Three young children with advanced cavitary pulmonary tuberculosis died between 1974 and 1978. Two of the patients had tuberculous meningitis as well. All diagnoses were verified at autopsy; however, all tuberculin skin tests were negative. These instances emphasize the difficulty of establishing the diagnosis of tuberculosis in young children. Tuberculosis should be considered in the differential diagnosis of cavitary chest disease in young children, even those with negative tuberculin skin tests.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1978

Transfusion-related short-incubation hepatitis in hemophilic patients.

Nine episodes of a unique short-incubation form of hepatitis were observed during five years in six hemophilic children after infusion with commercial factor VIII concentrate prepared by two different manufacturers. Five patients with a single episode had no previous infusion for 14 months to 14 years. One patient with several episodes had no previous infusion for at least seven months preceding each episode. The illness was mild and self-limited. No seroconversions to cytomegalovirus, Epstein-Barr virus, toxoplasmosis, or hepatitis A virus occurred. Acute hepatitis B virus infection was also excluded. The findings suggest the presence of one or more non-A, non-B hepatitis agents associated with factor VIII concentrates.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1978

Complement-dependent serum: neuroelectric blocking activity in multiple sclerosis.

In attempting to discover a relationship between the neurologic and immunologic abnormalities in multiple sclerosis, we found a serum factor that inhibits the ventral root response in isolated, perfused frog spinal cords. This effect is correlated with disease activity. Blocking activity of the serum was lost by heating to 56 degrees C, restored by adding complement, and was found in the serum IgG fraction. There was no correlation of neuroelectric blocking activity with measles complement-fixing antibody. An antibody other than that to measles virus may thus have a role in the pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

Isolation and characterization of naturally occurring subclasses of human peripheral blood T cells with regulatory functions.

By utilizing naturally occurring autoimmune antibodies from patients with juvenile rheumatoid arthritis, we have isolated and functionally characterized two unique subpopulations of T cells. JRA+ T cells, i.e., those identified by sera from these patients, react poorly in response to allogeneic cells, respond to Con A but not PHA, and do not help in the synthesis and secretion of Ig by B cells. In contrast, JRA- T cells, i.e., those not identified by sera from these patients, respond very well to allogeneic cells, proliferate well in response to PHA but not Con A, and more interestingly, can greatly enhance the secretion of Ig by B cells.

Antigens↗
PubMed1977

Antimicrobial therapy of experimental group B streptococcal infection in mice.

Group B beta-hemolytic streptococci (GB-BHS) frequently cause severe infection in newborns. Previous in vitro studies showed accelerated killing of GB-BHS by ampicillin plus gentamicin as compared with ampicillin alone. To extend the in vitro observations, mice were infected experimentally with GB-BHS and treated with gentamicin plus ampicillin or ampicillin alone. Untreated mice died within 10 to 48 h. Compared with treatment with ampicillin alone, ampicillin-and-gentamicin therapy resulted in improved survival when the antibiotics were given in established infection or as a single dose at the time of infection. Ampicillin and gentamicin accelerated the clearing of bacteremia as compared with treatment with ampicillin alone. In view of these findings, the therapy of GB-BHS infection in newborns and other patients should be reconsidered in that a combination of ampicillin or penicillin G plus gentamicin might be superior to the use of ampicillin or penicillin G alone.

Ampicillin↗
PubMed1977

Lymphocyte subpopulations in multiple scerlosis: comparison with neuroelectric blocking activity.

Lymphocyte subpopulations were determined in patients with confirmed multiple sclerosis using a new technique in which immunoglobulin bearing (lg+) cells are rosetted directly with purified anti-light chain antibody-coated human erythrocytes, while T cells are first sensitized with specific anti-human thymus antisera prepared in b4b4 rabbits, and then indirectly rosetted with purified anti-rabbit light chain allotype antibody-coated human erythrocytes. In 45 percent of the patients, there was a striking decrease in the percentage of T lymphocytes and a reciprocal elevation of lg+ and N cells. In another 20 percent, T cell depression was not accompanied by Ig+ elevation. The remaining 35 percent had normal lymphocyte profiles as did all patients with nondemyelinating neurologic diseases. However, we found no significant correlation between the lymphocyte profiles and prospective clinical evaluation of these patients and no correlation between alterations in lymphocyte profile and the presence of neuroelectric blocking factors in the peripheral blood of multiple sclerosis patients.

Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis↗