[A morphological and electron microscopic study of the myocardium in Ebstein's disease].
Explore the source record for details and available documents.
Adolescent↗
Biomedical subjects
V S Paukov
Publications and source records attributed to V S Paukov.
[Several problems on the structure and metabolism of the myocardium].
Explore the source record for details and available documents.
Cardiomegaly↗
[Ultrastructure of the hypertrophied human myocardium in a state of compensation].
Explore the source record for details and available documents.
Adult↗
[Methodological improvement of laboratories of the Pathology Department of the I.M. Sechenov Moscow Medical Academy].
The history of the equipment of the laboratories of the chair of pathology began with 2 monoocular microscopes mounted in 1849. Nowadays it is equipped with modern facilities including a confocal laser scanning microscope. Leading position of the chair in research, practice and education is largely due to renewal of technical facilities of its laboratories.
History, 19th Century↗
[Morphological characteristics of chronic hepatopathy in combination of HCV and chronic alcoholic intoxication].
Biopsies from 35 patients and autopsy material from 20 patients who died of chronic hepatopathy were studied. Hydropic dystrophy and inflammation were predominant in HCV infection. Chronic alcoholic intoxication (CAI) was characterized by diffuse large-droplet fat dystrophy and liver fibrosis. In combination of HCV-infection with CAI sclerotic processes were pronounced and therefore liver cirrhosis is more frequent than in other groups.
Adult↗
[Contractile function of the myocardium of the right ventricle in thyrotoxicosis].
The functional condition of the myocardium of the right ventricle was studied in 98 patients suffering from thyrotoxicosis and in 28 healthy persons. The pressure in the pulmonary artery, the tension index of the myocardium and the frequency of cardiac contractions proved to increase against the background of an excess of thyroid hormones in the organism. The contractility index of the myocardium, the volume velocity of the ejection, the rate of displacement of the wall of the ventricle during blood expulsion increased at the early stages of the disease, and later became lowered. Under experimental conditions the initial period of thyoidin intoxication was characterized by increased work of the right ventricle. The electron microscopic picture corresponding to this phase of the process pointed to the injurious action of the thyroid gland hormones on the mitochondria. The greatest increase in the functional intensity of the myocardium of the right ventricle was reached on the 14th day of the experimental thyroidin intoxication. The ultrastructural changes recorded at this period reflected the growing hyperfunction of the mitochondria and the development of destructive changes in the contractile aparatus of the myocytes.
Blood Pressure↗
[Endocrine glands in alcohol drinkers and patient with alcoholism].
Chronic alcoholic intoxication results in atrophic and sclerotic changes of the endocrine glands, as was demonstrated by 225 autopsies of subjects who suffered from heavy drinking (165 cases) and alcoholism (60 cases). Morphometry and statistical data processing showed that alcoholism leads to irreversible changes, while heavy drinking causes changes that are reversible and compensated. The testes and ovaries are the most sensitive to ethanol and acetaldehyde, while the adrenals are the least sensitive. The pancreas retains its function for a long time despite pronounced changes.
Adolescent↗
[Morphological characteristics of chronic endometritis].
The immunohistochemical examination of 46 endometrial biopsies from women with chronic endometritis (CE) suffering from habitual abortions has found disturbance of correlations between various types of immunocompetent cells with domination of T-suppressors, increased accumulation of IgG on the surface of glandular epithelium. In CE, thickening of spiral arteries occurs not because of sclerosis but due to muscular hypertrophy, endometrial stromal-epithelial relations are impaired. Alterations in the distribution of the extracellular matrix components indicate defective endometrium maturation which may lead to inadequate oocyte implantation.
Adolescent↗
[Changes in the components of the extracellular matrix and its regulators in the endometrium of women with habitual abortion].
Biopsies of the endometrium from 93 patients with habitual abortions (HA) were studied immunohistochemically. Chronic endometritis (CE) was diagnosed in 26 patients. Decreased tenascin expression in the endometrial stroma with merozin accumulation in the glandular basal membranes, covering epithelium and vessels were found in HA combined with CE. Abnormal distribution of collagen type I and III with predominance of type I collagen and appearance of merozin. This is indicative of alteration in the endometrium maturation which may result in inadequate ovum implantation and pregnancy interruption. Stromal alterations in HA with or without chronic endometritis are under multifactorial control of various mediators. High level of MMP-9 combined with low level of TFP-beta 1 may serve a prognostic criterion of successful completion of pregnancy regardless of CE. Low level of MMP-9 may increase the risk of pregnancy interruption.
Abortion, Habitual↗
[Pathologic anatomy of hard drinking and alcoholism].
The analysis of 826 autopsies is presented. 654 persons in their life abused alcohol but refused treatment; they were considered as hard drinkers. 172 persons were repeatedly treated for alcoholism and were included into the group of alcoholics. The control group consisted of persons who had not abused alcohol. Morphological and morphometric methods were used. It is shown that chronic alcoholic intoxication involves all internal organs with the same trend in pathological processes in hard drinkers and alcoholics. There was progressing alteration of microcirculatory bed, fat degeneration of parenchymatous organs, atrophic and sclerotic processes, primarily in the liver, lungs, heart and brain. While in hard drinking pathological processes can be considered reversible and well compensated, in alcoholism the degree of organ damage makes these lesions irreversible. It is suggested that less severe organ damage in hard drinking is due to the effect of ethanol while grave atrophic and sclerotic processes as well as psychic dependence on alcohol are due to acetaldehyde. The key point in alcohol abuse is hard drinking (or preclinical stage of alcoholism) as there is neither psychic no physical dependence on alcohol and organ alterations are reversible under adequate treatment. The treatment should be performed first of all of the liver to enhance its basal metabolism.
Adolescent↗
[The role of macrophages in pathogenesis of limited inflammation].
It is shown on 250 male rats that a limiting capsule around an inflammation focus develops in the presence of bacteria as well as intoxication and possibility of infection generalization. Macrophages (Mph) phagocyte necrotic tissue in aceptic inflammation and stimulate reparation with formation of a scar. The role of Mph is more complicated in modeling of soft tissue abscess: they phagocyte bacteria inducing immune system involvement into the inflammatory process, stimulate primary cooperation of cells which produce inflammatory tissue mediators, regeneratory processes with final formation of a connective tissue capsule around a focus of purulent inflammation. When the system of phagocyting mononuclear cells is stimulated, all processes in the zone of inflammation become activated; when this system is inhibited the processes slow down.
Abscess↗
[Alcoholic disease].
A new concept of alcoholic disease has been developed on the basis of the study of 355 corpses of persons abusing ethanol and 335 white male rats with experimental alcoholic intoxication. A new nosological entity "alcoholic disease" (AD) is suggested instead of "chronic alcoholism". Pathogenesis of AD consists of 3 stages: I--repeated acute alcoholic intoxication, II--drunkenness, III--alcoholism and its complications. The definition of AD is given. A leading role in it belongs to the damage of the liver, heart, lungs and brain. The stage 1 involves degenerative changes in the organs, stage II--spectrum of the damage is larger but the changes are still reversible. The patients are treated in hospitals where the role of ethanol in the heart and liver damage is not taken into consideration. Stage III--irreversible changes. Hence, the diagnosis and treatment of stage II is necessary as it is curable.
Alcoholism↗
[Role of blood-brain barrier disorders in the pathogenesis of alcoholic heart damage].
An experimental study of alcoholic heart damage was performed in 150 male rats of series I, II and III with modelled acute alcoholic intoxication, chronic alcoholic intoxication against developing abstinence syndrome, alcoholic abstinence syndrome, respectively. The degree of cardiomyocyte damage is largely determined by structural changes of histohematic barriers in alcoholic intoxication. Primary ethanol damage of the microcirculatory bed, that of perivascular connective tissue and sarcolemma result in a cardiomyocyte mitochondria damage and development of energetic deficiency. Atrophic and sclerotic alterations of the histohematic barrier develop in chronic alcoholic intoxication resulting in profound metabolic changes in the heart muscle and development of alcoholic cardiomyopathy. The damages to the histohematic barrier in abstinence syndrome result in catecholamine penetration into cardiomyocytes and development of focal necrosis in the myocardium.
Alcoholic Intoxication↗
[Immunopathology and morphology of chronic inflammation].
Biopsies from 40 patients with chronic trophic ulcers of lower limbs or osteomyelitis were investigated. Combination of immunopathological processes in the form of immune deficiency, unbalance of T-lymphocyte subpopulations and immunoglobulins, increased levels of circulating immunocomplexes and T-active lymphocytes, high functional T-lymphocyte activity. Moreover, there is a decrease of both chemotaxis and spontaneous motility of neutrophil leukocytes and phagocytosis. The disturbance of cellular and humoral immunologic reactions and nonspecific resistance correlates with morphological features of ulcers: suppression of collagenogenesis, productive vasculitis, obliteration and reduction of vessels, plasmatization of granulation tissue. The causes and mechanisms of the changes observed resulting in the chronic inflammation which takes the form of vitium cordis are discussed.
Adult↗
[The intermitochondrial contacts of cardiomyocytes during cardiac adaptation under pathological conditions].
Intermitochondrial junctions (IMJ)-recently described intracellular structures-were investigated in order to evaluate their role in pathology. Chronic and acute pathological processes including myocardial hypertrophy and its regression, chronic alcohol cardiomyopathy, acute pancreatitis and acute diffuse peritonitis were modelled in 106 male rats. The myocardial tissue was studied histologically, electron-microscopically and morphometrically. It is shown that myocardial hyperfunction morphology is due to the heart functional overload that requires its adequate energy supply. Therefore, apart from the mitochondrial hyperplasia, their association by means of IMJ occurs. IMJ number decreased in case of a heart overload reduction, and complete destruction of mitochondria and IMJ takes place in acute conditions leading to the animals' death of heart failure. The authors consider IMJ formation and destruction in pathology to be manifestation of the compensatory-adaptive reaction not described so far.
Acute Disease↗
[The problem of regeneration of the gastrointestinal tract mucosa in erosive-ulcerous lesions].
Disturbance of regeneration in the above pathological condition results from the damage to tunica propria and loss of its function for the support of structural homeostasis. Disintegration of the basal membrane and extracellular matrix (main components in the epithelial stromal interactions) is of a primary importance under these conditions.
Extracellular Matrix↗
[Immunomorphologic characteristics of bedsores].
Biopsies and blood of 36 patients with bedsores developing due to spinal cord trauma were studied. Pronounced alterations in the blood content of IgA, IgM, IgG, a significant increase in circulating immune complexes (CIC) content and a decrease of neutrophil leukocyte chemotactic activity were found. The authors conclude that an immune system dysfunction occurs in patients with bedsores as well as secondary immune deficiency and immunoglobulin and CIC deposition in the granulation tissue vessels. Development of chronic vasculitis, obliteration and reduction of vessels, hypoxia and metabolic disturbances in the wound edges, formation of deficient fibroblasts synthesizing collagen type III which does not facilitate skin epithelium maturation, all these changes result in a chronic course of the wound and almost complete lack of healing.
Adult↗
[Pathogenetic aspects of chronic inflammation].
Chronic inflammation (CI) was studied immunologically and immunomorphologically on biopsy and surgical material: interstitial pulmonary diseases, chronic inflammatory processes of the uteri and ovaries, decubitus in the spinal cord damage, trophic ulcers of the limbs, osteomyelitis, chronic abscesses of soft tissues, coccygeal cysts and chronic paraproctitis. The following parameters determine the development of CI: persistence of the damaging agent, immunological insufficiency, mechanisms of autoimmunization, progression of CI according to the principle of vicious circle. CI looses its biological usefulness as a compensatory-adaptive reaction.
Adaptation, Physiological↗