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Biomedical subjects

V S Moiseev

Publications and source records attributed to V S Moiseev.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed2001

[Polymorphism of catalase and glutathione peroxidase genes in macrovascular complications in patients with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus and hypertension].

Allelic and genotypic distributions of the polymorphic markers C1167T and Pro197Leu of the genes of catalase (CAT) and glutathione peroxidase (GPX1), respectively, were studied in patients with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) and hypertension without complications (the control group, n = 52) and with complications: myocardial infarction (MI, n = 53) or stroke (n = 50). No significant differences were found between complicated and uncomplicated patients with respect to the allelic or phenotypic distribution. Thus, there were no association between these polymorphic regions and either MI or stroke in hypertensive NIDDM patients.

Cardiovascular Diseases↗
PubMed2001

[Hypotension followed the first dose of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor in patients with heart failure (a multicenter clinical trial)].

AIM: To study the hypotensive effect of the first dose in administration of perindopril and enalapril in patients with chronic cardiac failure (CCF). MATERIAL AND METHODS: The trial enrolled 213 patients with CCF of functional class II-III (mean age 57 +/- 1.4 years, 155 males and 58 females). The patients were randomized into 2 groups. Group 1 received perindopril in a dose 2 mg, group 2 received enalapril. Arterial pressure was measured for 10 hours with a 30-min interval, in the last 3 hours--once an hour. First dose hypotension was stated if systolic pressure was < 90 mmHg, diastolic under 60 mmHg, mean pressure < 75 mmHg after the first intake of the drug. RESULTS: Significant differences in the baseline pressure between the groups were absent. None of the patients demanded therapy of arterial hypotension. Side effects of hypotension were absent. In group 1 systolic pressure fell under 90 mmHg in 8(7.7%) patients, in group 2--in 24(22.0%) patients (p = 0.004), diastolic pressure fell under 60 mmHg in 47(45.2%) and 60(55.1%) patients, respectively (p = 0.151). Mean arterial pressure was < 75 mmHg in 42(40.4%) and 62(56.9%) patients, respectively, (p = 0.016). Multivariate correlation analysis has revealed a direct correlation between the first dose hypotension and age (r = 0.159, p < 0.01) and age > 70 years (r = 0.258, p < 0.01), acute myocardial infarction (r = 0.244, p < 0.01) and inverse correlation with the initial arterial pressure (r = -0.208, p < 0.01).

Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors↗
PubMed2000

[Surgery of some diaphragm diseases].

The authors analyze 127 rare diaphragm diseases. Among them, the rate of true diaphragmatic hernias does not exceed 1%. The congenital through diaphragm defects were encountered three times more often than false hernias, equally frequently on the left and on the right. The majority of the patients (51.97%) had hernia of Larrey's fissure. The rate of true hernia (Morgagni's) was 3 times less than of false hernia (Larrey's). In Bochdalek's hernia (3.15%) false hernias were found three times more often than true hernias. Relaxation of diaphragm was found in 40.94% of the patients. Right-sided complete diaphragm's relaxation occurred 4 times less often than on the left, partial--10 times more often on the right than on the left. Duplication of diaphragm with inserting kapron net, velours or teflon between it layers remains the dominant way of surgical correction of total relaxation of diaphragm's cupula.

Adult↗
PubMed2000

[Level of blood uric acid in patients with postinfarction heart failure].

AIM: To evaluate uric acid (UA) levels in patients with postinfarction chronic cardiac failure (CCF) and to investigate correlation between accumulation of uric acid, CCF severity and some other parameters. MATERIAL AND METHODS: UA levels were determined with enzyme immunoassay and acid-base status of capillary and venous blood was studied in 120 men 35-78 years of age (mean age 46.3 +/- 1.8 years) with CCF of NYHA functional class (FC) I-IV. CCF was caused by Q-wave myocardial infarction in all the patients. RESULTS: It was found that a close direct relationship exists between FC of CCF and UA content (r = 0.735, p < 0.001), FC of CCF and creatinine levels (r = 0.648, p < 0.001). Analysis of acid-base condition shows the existence of compensated gas acidosis in CCF patients. Acid-base changes were more prominent in FC III and IV. FC and gas acidosis directly correlated. CONCLUSION: In CCF there is a pathogenetic relation between high uric acid and hypoxia. However, further studies are necessary of the causes of UC rise in CCF and its influence on the severity of circulatory insufficiency.

Acid-Base Equilibrium↗
PubMed1999

[The hypotensive effect and tolerance of valsartan (Diovan) in hypertension in a general clinical practice].

AIM: An assessment of a hypotensive effect and tolerance of valsartan. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In 20 patients with mild and moderate blood hypertension (BH) the latter was registered sphygmomanometrically by N. S. Korotkov and by 24-h monitoring. The initial valsartan dose 80 mg/day was raised to a single daily dose 160 mg in 4 weeks in the absence of adequate correction in tolerance. RESULTS: The hypotensive effect of Diovan in a dose 80 mg/day was satisfactory or good in 80% of patients. 15% of patients needed elevation of the dose to 160 mg/day. A complete resistance occurred in 1 patient. There were neither unwanted effects nor biochemical evidence of clinically significant renal or hepatic dysfunction due to valsartan. In stable BH correction, the rate of residual hypotensive effect reached 77.4% and 74.5% for systolic and diastolic BP, respectively. CONCLUSION: High effectiveness, good tolerance and safety of valsartan in single doses 80-160 mg/day allow to recommend it in monotherapy of mild and moderate hypertension.

Adult↗
PubMed1999

[An analysis of the linkage of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and the delta locus of the T-cell receptor (TCRD) chain in the family of P].

AIM: To estimate probability of location of the gene determining family hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCMP) in family P. on the 14th chromosome in segment 14q11 using parametric method "lod score". MATERIALS AND METHODS: The family of proband P. had multiple cases of HCMP. Dinucleotide GT repeat and NT 256 point variation located in the cluster of genes coding synthesis of TCRD (14q11 chromosome segment) were used as markers of HCMP gene (FHC-1 gene 14q1 chromosome segment). Allele polymorphism of the two markers was defined at polymerase chain reaction, restriction of the amplificate by restrictase BamHI (for NT 256 point variation) and vertical electrophoresis in polyacrylamide and agar gels. RESULTS: Basing on the distribution of the above markers in P. family, lod score estimates in all the standard values of recombination frequency were determined (0-0,45, step 0.05). The maximal estimate corresponded to zero recombination frequency and was equal to 1.17 (this was below the critical value 3). However, the obtained lod score value satisfied the chance ratio 15:1 in favor of the link presence. CONCLUSION: The data obtained evidence for the presence of the link of HCMP gene with marker locus TCRD which is nearby the identified locus of the disease (FHC-1-14q11.2 segment). This suggests that HCMP in family P may be due to mutant allele of the gene coding synthesis of beta-polypeptide chains of cardial myosin.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1999

[Polymorphism of angiotensinogen T174M gene and cardiovascular diseases in the Moscow population].

The groups of patients with myocardial infarction (MI) and hypertrophy of the left ventricle (HLV) (n = 45 and n = 53, respectively) and a sample of healthy individuals from the Moscow population (n = 60) were examined for T174M polymorphism of AGT gene (replacement of methionine for threonine at position 174 of the correspondent amino acid sequence). In MI patients the content of TT genotypes and T allele was significantly lower than in the control group (57.8% against 80% and 67.9 against 89.2%, respectively), whereas the proportion of M allele and TM heterozygotes was increased (32.1 against 10.8% and 37.8 against 18.3%, respectively). In patients with HLV, the proportion of TT genotype (64.2%) and T allele (77.4%) was also lower than in the control group, whereas the frequency of M allele was increased (22.6%). Our results suggest that the T174M polymorphism of AGT gene is associated with MI and HLV in the Moscow population.

Adult↗
PubMed1999

[Polymorphism of GPIIIA platelet glycoprotein gene PIA1/A2 compared to plasma hemostasis in myocardial infarction patients].

AIM: To investigate gene PIA1/A2 polymorphism and some parameters of plasma hemostasis in postmyocardial infarction (PMI) patients with chronic cardiac failure (CCF). MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 58 PMI patients with CCF, pulmonary artery thromboembolism (PATE), phlebothrombosis (PT) were examined. The age of the patients ranged from 24 to 84 years. Polymorphism of platelet glycoprotein GPIIIa gene was assessed according to the standard PCR-RFLP. RESULTS: Occurrence of genotypes PIA1/A2, PIA1/A2 was 70.8 and 29.2%, respectively; of allele PIA1 and PIA2 84.5 and 15.5%, respectively. In PMI patients genotype PIA1/A1 occurred in 71.7% of cases, genotype PIA1/A2--in 28.3%. Incidence of alleles was: 84.0% (PIA1), 16.0% (PIA2). PATE patients had genotype PIA1/A1, PT patients had distribution of the genotypes 50.0% and 50.0%, respectively. In patients who had suffered MI at the age under 45 years prevalence of the genotypes was 63.2% PIA1A1, 36.8% PIA1A2, of alleles 83.6% PIA1, 16.4% PIA2. In patients with a history of MI at the age over 50 the incidence of the genotypes and alleles was, respectively, 75.0% PIA1A1, 25.0% PIA1A2, 87.7% PIA1, 12.3% PIA2. Patients with genotype PIA1/A2 had a significantly higher fibrinogen than PIA1A1. Concentration of soluble fibrin monomeric complex was higher in patients with genotype PIA1/A2 reflecting activation of intravascular clotting. AT-III decrease by 5.4% indicated lower anticoagulant activity in patients with genotype PIA1A2. CONCLUSION: In patients with MI at the age under 45 years gene PIA1A2 and allel PIA2 occurred more frequently than in patients who had MI at older age. Allele PIA2 was associated with the risk of MI onset at young age. It is suggested that patients with genotype PIA1/A2 are at higher risk of thrombotic conditions, of coronary artery thrombosis in particular, than patients with genotype PIA1/A1.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

[Spontaneous pneumomediastinum].

The authors present 7 cases with spontaneous pneumomediastinum (SPM), a rare pathological condition. The cause of SPM is rupture of marginal alveoles and spread of air into the mediastinum through perivesical and peribronchial fats. Males are more frequently affected, but females were prevalent in this study (as 4:3). At the stage when air does not spread outside the mediastinum, Hamman's sign, i.e. "crepitation" ("a crunching sound", "a noise of air bursting bubbles") heard at cardiac auscultation is significant in the diagnosis. Dissection of air in all mediastinial structures, which is detectable during X-ray studies both at this stage of SPM, and at the stage of spread of air to the neck, chest, and abdomen is an important diagnostic sign. The evolution of SPM is generally good and conservative therapy leads to recovery in most patients. In 9-16% of patients, the evolution of the process is dramatic and requires cervical mediastinotomy after Tiegel or thoracotomy with wide mediastinotomy.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

[Fosinorm in the treatment of essential hypertension with a metabolic syndrome].

The authors made an open-comparative trial of fosinopril (Fosinorm) efficacy and tolerability in 20 patients (9 males and 11 females) with stage II mild and moderate essential hypertension accompanied with disturbed glucose tolerance and dyslipidemia. Fosinorm was given in a dose 10 - 20 mg/day under 24-h monitoring of blood pressure. Diastolic pressure returned to normal in 19 (95%) patients, one patient showed a good hypotensive response. The mean 24-h fall in the systolic and diastolic pressure was significant and made up for systolic pressure 7.5% (9.2% and 9.2%), respectively. Fosinorm had a minimal effect on carbohydrate metabolism, total cholesterol, serum triglycerides. The conclusion is made that Fosinorm is a highly effective antihypertensive drug positively influencing 24-h profile of blood pressure in the absence of negative action on carbohydrate and lipid metabolism.

Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors↗
PubMed1997

[The polymorphism of the angiotensin-converting enzyme gene in patients with hypertension, left ventricular hypertrophy and the development of a myocardial infarct at a young age. Preliminary report].

Insertion/deletion (I/D) polymorphism of angiotensin-I-converting enzyme (ACE) gene was studied by use of the polymerase chain reaction in 168 normal subjects living in Moscow region and in 70 patients: 38 with essential hypertension (EH), 9 of which survived myocardial infarction at young age, 13 with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCMP) and 19 with myocardial infarction (MI). Left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) was detected in 24 of 38 EH patients. There was a highly significant increase in the frequency of the ID genotype in EH patients compared to the controls (62.4% versus 32.7%, P < 0.01). There was a relevant decrease in the frequency of the DD genotype in EH patients in comparison with the control (20.8% versus 47.6%, P < 0.05). These results strongly suggest that the ACE gene is associated with EH. No significant differences in both allele and genotype frequencies of the ACE gene were revealed in two groups of patients with MI and with HCMP compared to the controls. Thus, no relations between the ACE gene and these disorders were observed. In hypertensives with MI the II genotype was not detected and the frequency of both D allele and DD genotype was sufficiently increased compared to normotensive patients with MI. Thus, the DD genotype in hypertensives may be a risk factor for MI. The frequency of the DD genotype was significantly increased in hypertensive patients with LVH compared to the uncomplicated hypertension (37.5% versus 7.1%, P < 0.05). Therefore, this genotype is associated with LVH in hypertensive subjects.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

[The angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor perindopril in the treatment of congestive heart failure].

The efficacy of perindopril in congestive heart failure (CHF) class II-III (NYHA) was studied in a trial including 37 patients (35 males and 2 females) aged 39-71 years (mean age 57.9 +/- 1.4) with postinfarction cardiosclerosis. They had CHF class II-III and ejection fraction (EF) < 45%. Perindopril was given in a single daily dose 2-4 mg for 6 months. The treatment resulted in a significant lowering of CHF class (from 2.5 +/- 0.1 to 1.7 +/- 0.1 (p < 0.01). Exercise tolerance increased from 256.2 +/- 18.6 s to 349.8 +/- 27.0 s (p < 0.05). Pump and contractile functions of the myocardium improved: stroke volume increased by 12.7%, ejection fraction by 20.5%, total peripheral vascular resistance fell by 9.7%, circulating blood volume by 9.2%. Parameters of oxygen transport to tissues and tissue respiration also changed for the better. The authors state high efficacy of perindopril in CHF patients.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

[Change of circadian pattern of arterial pressure in patients with congestive heart failure treated with perindopril, an inhibitor of angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE)].

The 24-h profile of blood pressure (BP) was studied in 28 patients (21 males and 7 females) with congenital heart failure (CHF) of NYHA class II-III (ejection fraction < 45%). The patients were 46 to 76 years of age and had postinfarction cardiosclerosis. They had not received ACE inhibitors before. Two groups were formed basing on the presence of hypertension. Perindopril was administered in a single daily dose of 2 mg or higher if demanded to reduce symptoms of CHF and/or to normalize BP. The treatment continued for 3 months. The 24-h BP profile was assessed using portable device SpaceLabs 90207 (USA). In CHF patients with hypertension perindopril significantly lowered mean 24-h, day and night BP and its loads, reestablished two-phase circadian rhythm of AP and corrected BP variability. In CHF patients free of hypertension significant changes of the profile were not registered. It is evident that unwanted changes in the BP 24-h profile due to perindopril were absent in CHF normotensives.

Aged↗