Biomedical subjects

V Robert

Publications and source records attributed to V Robert.

148 records · Page 9Linked to original sources

PubMedDate not supplied

[Yellow fever in Senegal from 1976 to 1980 (author's transl)].

The isolation of a YF strain in Kedougou (eastern region) in December 1976 from Aedes gr. furcifer taylori lead to a mass vaccination campaign in Senegal. In 1977, 67 strains were isolated from different mosquitoes (essentially A. luteocephalus and A. gr. furcifer taylori). Among these strains, 3 were isolated from males and this very important phenomenon might explain the virus conservation during the dry season. In 1978, 55 strains were isolated from mosquitoes of the same species, but not from males, and five from monkeys (E. patas and C. aethiops). But no increase of morbidity or mortality was observed in humans. In December 1978, a YF outbreak occurred in the Gambia with 271 suspect cases and 63 deaths; 2 strains were isolated from A. aegypti. In 1979, the epidemic seemed to have disappeared. Up to now, one single strain has been isolated from mosquitoes. But danger remains, and 3 YF human cases with 2 deaths were observed in Sine-Saloum, among French unvaccinated tourists.

Aedes↗

PubMedDate not supplied

[Effectiveness of coils and mats for protection against malaria vectors in Cameroon].

The evaluation of the effectiveness of coils and mats on mosquitoes, especially malaria vectors was carried out in the Southern Cameroon. The study was performed in the Nsimalen village from November 1993 to August 1994. Two brands of coils: Timor and Moon Tiger containing 0.15% W/W of esbiothrin and two brands of mats: ARS MATS (containing d-allethrin) and Moon Tiger (with S biothrin and diethyl-toluamide) were tested. The evaluation was based on night catches on human bait inside houses. A catcher was sitting at two meters of a coil or a mat. Mosquitoes were caught during five consecutive nights per month in five houses. Two of the five houses were protected with the coils, two others with the mats and the fifth was used as control. Each night, coils and mats were rotated in such a way that at the end of the five nights, each house has been protected twice with coils, twice with mats and had served once as control. The composition of the mosquito samples collected was analysed and the reduction rate of bites was calculated for each method. A thousand and twenty nine mosquitoes were caught in all. Two hundred and fifty nine mosquitoes in houses with coils, 180 in those with mats and 590 in the houses which served as control. Anopheles moucheti and Mansonia s.p. accounted more than 90% of the samples; Anopheles gambiae s.s. represented 4 to 9%. Coils reduced malaria vectors bites by 82.8% and mats by 90.5%. Mansonia bites were reduced by 66% only.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Animals↗

PubMedDate not supplied

[Evaluation of a DEET-based repellent on 3 vectors of malaria in central Africa].

As part of the framework of studies on personal protection against disease-transmitting mosquitoes, a field evaluation was carried out in a forest area of Cameroon on human subjects to assess the efficacy of a common repellent: DEET (a 50% active ingredient formulation). One ml of DEET applied to the legs of resting persons gave an 85% reduction in Anopheles bites during the 5 hours following application. The repellent effect decreased gradually with time. The effect was more than 90% maximum after 3 hours, 50% by about the seventh hour and declined to 0% from the fifteenth hour onwards. No difference was found between the three Anopheles species: Anopheles gambiae ss, An. nili and An. funestus. The longevity and infectivity of Anopheles populations caught on humans with repellent and on untreated controls were similar. Thus the reduction of biting rate can be considered equivalent to the reduction in malaria transmission. The effect of sweating on the loss of the applied repellent was studied. Moderate sweating, corresponding to normal activity, did not reduce the efficacy of the repellent. More profuse sweating did not significantly reduce repellent efficacy. We conclude that the tested formulation of DEET has the same efficacy as commercial formulations already on the market. Protection did not last the whole night, which is the time required for protection against malarial infection. However, good protection levels lasted more than 5 hours.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Administration, Cutaneous↗

PubMedDate not supplied

[The cardiovascular steroid system].

In this review, the authors describe: (1) the different types of glucocorticoid hormone receptors, on the cell membrane and two types inside the cell, the MR and GR (mineralo- and glucoreceptors); (2) the synthesis of the hormones with the decisive role of the final enzymes, 11 beta-hydroxylase and aldosterone-synthetase; (3) the increasing evidence for a cardiovascular steroid system in the vessels as well as in the myocardium. The authors have reported new data suggesting the existence of an endocrine cardiac steroidogenic system in the heart with a potential physiological and pathological relevance (for transmembrane ion transport and trophic alterations).

Adrenal Cortex Hormones↗