Biomedical subjects
Publications and source records attributed to V Richardson.
A 790 g infant developed cardiac tamponade 17 h after starting parenteral nutrition through a fine silastic catheter, the tip of which was accidentally positioned against the wall of the right atrium. Cold light examination suggested the diagnosis and pericardial aspiration of clear fluid with a high glucose content restored the circulation.
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This follow-up study of 191 babies investigated the development of food allergy in an unselected population and its relationship to total and antigen-specific IgE and IgG subclass levels. Sensitization to egg, as indicated by a positive skin test or RAST, was found in 5% of 1-year-old babies, but none of the babies in this series fulfilled the clinical criteria for immediate-type milk allergy. For both bovine casein (CAS) and egg albumin, the IgG response was largely restricted to IgG1 in contrast to the predominant IgG4 response to these antigens that is found in adults. The level of IgG4, but not IgG1, antibody to CAS and ovalbumin (OV) was lower in some of the babies compared with that of their mothers (N = 166; p less than 0.05, Student's paired t test). However, there was no difference in the total serum IgG subclass levels between mothers and babies. These results demonstrate that, in the population of babies studied, (1) type I hypersensitivity to egg occurred in 5% of 1-year-old babies, (2) the predominant IgG subclass of antibodies to CAS and OV in babies is IgG1, and (3) in the 22% of babies, there was substantially (greater than 1000-fold) less IgG4 antibody to CAS and OV than in their mothers, suggesting specific exclusion of some IgG4 antibodies.
This research examines gender differences in adjustment to retirement during the first year of retirement. It identifies differences in patterns of adjustment and differences in the discriminating variables that predict these patterns. The study was longitudinal in design and included a pretest interview of 250 people at the time of retirement, a posttest interview of 242 retirees six months after retirement, and a one-year follow-up of 222 completed by mail. A significant main effect for time was found for all three adjustment variables, with well-being declining at the six-month interval. A discriminant analysis of three types of adjustment groups revealed that responses to retirement varies depending on several factors. The findings suggest the need for a dynamic view of continuity theory.
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The extent and patterns of financial planning among 234 black professionals was compared with those of white professionals. The data revealed similar expectations of continued income, supplementing finances by working in another occupation, pension income, and dependency on spouses for income. Although they invested less in stocks and bonds and bank certificates, income and age were the most significant predictors of financial planning.
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Clinical and chemical variables of thyroid function were studied in 26 patients with symptomatic ventricular tachyarrhythmias before and during long-term oral treatment with amiodarone. The mean (+/-SEM) pretreatment thyroxine (T4) level in the 26 patients was 7.32 +/- 0.33 micrograms/dL, and increased notably to 10.15 +/- 0.47 micrograms/dL by 30 to 120 days after treatment. The free thyroxine index (FT4I) was also notably elevated. Clinical hyperthyroidism or goiter did not develop, but clinical hypothyroidism occurred in four patients during and in one patient after discontinuation of amiodarone treatment. Notable titers of antithyroid antibodies were found in the serum of two of the five and a family history of thyroid disease was present in three of the five hypothyroid patients. An elevation of both the T4 level and the FT4I above the normal range is an expected finding in patients receiving amiodarone and does not by itself indicate hyperthyroidism. Patients with positive antithyroid antibodies or a family history of thyroid disease prior to treatment with amiodarone may be at an increased risk of hypothyroidism developing when treated with this drug.
The relationships between age, religious orientation, and perception of death are investigated utilizing a sample of 1428 respondents randomly selected from two larger representative national samples. Although a statistically significant relationship is found between religion and perception of death, when age is introduced as a control the relationship remains only among young adults. The finding that religion mitigates concerns about death concurs with results found in previous studies. The data relative to young adults, however, suggest the need for a broader conceptualization of the relationship between death anxiety and religion, which incorporates developmental influences over the adult life cycle.
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Patients complaining of reduced acuity in the absence of a clearcut diagnosis present a challenge to the eye care practitioner. It is important to differentiate retinal disease from optic nerve disease as the etiology of the decrease in vision. This differentiation can have significant ramifications and must be determined for patient welfare and management. Several procedures may be used in making the differential diagnosis of macular or retinal from optic nerve disease. Some of these procedures are easy to perform and include Amsler grid, color vision testing, pupillary reflexes, light-brightness comparison, and macular dazzle. Other procedures require a greater degree of sophistication and include fluorescein angiography, the Visual Evoked Potential (VEP) and simultaneous VEPs and ERGs (Electroretinograms). The clinician should be aware of all of these procedures and how each may be useful in this differential diagnosis.
Tuberculosis continues to be a major health care problem in the world, especially among children. In the United States, health care providers rely heavily on routine skin testing to identify cases of tuberculosis. Pediatric nurse practitioners have the opportunity to recognize high-risk children, teach preventive health practices to patients and families, and thus to decrease morbidity from the disease. This article presents an overview of the incidence of the disease, as well as the causes, pathophysiology, epidemiology, diagnosis and management of tuberculosis.
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This study was conducted to establish the reliability and validity of the Dunn, Dunn, and Price Productivity Environmental Preferences Survey (PEPS) with baccalaureate nursing students and to identify differences between subpopulations (age, class level, sex, type of student (RN versus generic] and students at risk. The findings have implications for nurse educators who choose teaching-learning experiences for a diverse student population.
The relationships between chronological age, year of measurement, cohort membership, education, and perception of horizontal peerships versus vertical different status associations are explored through a sample of 1,428 respondents randomly selected from two larger representative national samples of American men and women utilized in a 1957 study and in a replication of that study in 1976. Data are based upon a thematic apperception procedure in which stories projected by respondents are coded for perceptions of peerships and of status differences. Significant age changes in interpersonal preference are observed for both sexes; there is no evidence of cohort changes or interactive effects with year. Contributions are made to research involving adult peer relations as well as to theories concerned with role discontinuity and ego changes in adulthood.
Although more women are initiating breast-feeding, few continue for more than 1-3 months into the postpartum period. The current report studied the relationship of attitudes, social support, experimental and demographic variables, and knowledge to length of breast-feeding. A totaL of 102 women were included in the study and were followed for 1 year. Perceived attitudes toward breast-feeding, selected demographic variables, and past experiences were related to length of breast-feeding.