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V Raut

Publications and source records attributed to V Raut.

12 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2003

A review of cochlear implantation in mitochondrial sensorineural hearing loss.

OBJECTIVE: Mitochondrial sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL) may be nonsyndromic (occurring in isolation), associated with the A1555G mutation in the MTRNR1 gene. Mitochondrial SNHL may also be syndromic, associated with the A3243G point mutation in the MTTL1 gene. In syndromic cases-mitochondrial encephalopathy, lactic acidosis, and strokelike episodes (MELAS), maternally inherited diabetes and deafness, Kearns-Sayre syndrome, and chronic progressive external ophthalmoplegia-the SNHL compounds already existing disabilities. The genetic basis for mitochondrial SNHL and postulated sites of pathologic changes are discussed. DATA SOURCES: Sources used were relevant clinical and basic science publications. STUDY SELECTION: A search of the entire databases of Medline and Web of Science, using various subject headings and free-text terms, was used to identify patients with mitochondrial disease having cochlear implants. DATA EXTRACTION: The data from publications were critically reviewed and tabulated to assess implantation outcomes. DATA SYNTHESIS: The data were not amenable to formal meta-analysis or valid data summarization, other than descriptive statistics. CONCLUSIONS: There is an increasing awareness of the prevalence of mitochondrial SNHL and its progressive nature. High-risk candidates warrant genetic testing and family screening. Correlating the data for mitochondrial SNHL as a treatable entity is important, and the authors present an overview of these patients successfully rehabilitated by cochlear implantation.

Adult↗
PubMed2002

Cochlear implantation in the obliterated cochlea.

We present three cases of acquired deafness, associated with obliterated cochleas, in which the apparently radiologically more favourable side was chosen for implantation. In the first case, because of unexpected obliteration, only a partial insertion was possible. Deteriorating performance and non-auditory stimulation of the facial nerve led to removal of the implant and a contralateral implantation with full insertion under the same anaesthetic gave a good postoperative result. In the second case, CT scanning indicated minimal obliteration, but extensive obliteration was encountered at surgery, which required double-array insertion with a delayed but satisfactory outcome. In the third case, extensive unexpected obliteration was noted at surgery and, in light of the experience gained with the first two cases, it was decided not to proceed but to explore the contralateral side. At surgery on the contralateral side, a patent cochlea was noted with full electrode insertion and an excellent outcome. These cases demonstrate a learning curve for this department and our philosophy now is to explore the contralateral ear rather than accept a partial insertion.

Adult↗
PubMed2002

Soft tissue myoepithelioma: a case report.

Myoepitheliomas are tumours composed predominantly or exclusively of myoepithelial cells. They are well described, especially within the salivary gland, but their occurrence in soft tissues is less well known and this often results in diagnostic problems. We report a case involving the deep soft tissues of the lower neck behind the clavicle. Grossly, the tumour was well circumscribed with solid and cystic areas. Histology showed a richly vascularised tumour composed of bland round, ovoid or spindle-shaped cells. Various growth patterns were present including solid, nested, microcystic and trabecular arrangements. In some areas there was an alveolar pattern with tumour cells lining fibrous septae. Immunohistochemistry showed diffuse strong positivity for S100 protein, calponin, vimentin and glial fibrillary acidic protein and focal positivity for epithelial membrane antigen, 34betaE12 and AE1/AE3, in keeping with myoepithelial differentiation. Electron microscopy revealed tumour cells surrounded by basal lamina with subplasmalemmal densities and containing cytoplasmic myofilaments. This case report highlights the rare occurrence of myoepitheliomas in deep soft tissues. Pathologists should be aware of this and should consider a myoepithelioma in the differential diagnosis of a soft tissue spindle cell neoplasm.

Adult↗
PubMed2001

Giant lymph node hyperplasia a diagnostic dilemma in the neck.

Giant lymph node hyperplasia (GLNH) or Castleman's disease is a rare pathological entity commonly presenting as a solitary mediastinal tumour (unifocal variant), although other anatomical sites have been reported including the head and neck, abdomen and axilla. Though the head and neck is the second commonest site for this lesion, only 60 cases [1,2] have been reported in the literature. Pre-operative diagnosis of the unifocal variant can be difficult as routine investigations carried out in the clinic setting are often inconclusive. A multicentric form of this disease with a poorer prognosis in comparison to the unifocal lesion has been described by Gaba et al. in 1978 [3]. We present a case of an unusually large, slow growing, asymptomatic, unifocal variant of this tumour restricted to the neck which underwent successful surgical excision. A review of the literature, histopathological characteristics and differential diagnosis is also presented.

Adult↗
PubMed2001

Bipolar scissors versus cold dissection tonsillectomy: a prospective, randomized, multi-unit study.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate bipolar scissors tonsillectomy by comparing it with traditional cold dissection tonsillectomy. STUDY DESIGN: A prospective, randomized, multi-unit study. SETTINGS: Belfast City Hospital, Royal Victoria Hospital Belfast, and Ulster Hospital Dundonald. PATIENTS: Two hundred consecutive patients undergoing tonsillectomy for recurrent or chronic tonsillitis between March 2000 and September 2000. OUTCOME MEASURES: (1) Intraoperative bleeding, (2) operative time, (3) postoperative pain, and (4) complication rates, including primary and secondary hemorrhage. RESULTS: Seventeen patients were excluded from the study for various reasons. The mean age of the study population was 22 years (range, 10-54 y). Seventy-two percent of patients were female. Twenty-seven percent of patients were children aged 16 years or under. Median intraoperative blood loss was 5 mL for bipolar scissors tonsillectomy and 115 mL for cold dissection tonsillectomy (P < .001). The mean operative time was 13 minutes for bipolar scissors tonsillectomy compared with 20 minutes for the cold dissection method (P < .001). There was no statistically significant difference in the pain scores between the two methods (independent samples t = 1.35; P > .05). The overall primary hemorrhage rate was 2.1%, whereas the overall secondary hemorrhage rate was 16.9%. The hospital readmission rate was 10.3%. The primary and secondary hemorrhage rates were unaffected by the surgical method. CONCLUSIONS: Bipolar scissors tonsillectomy is a safe technique with a similar morbidity to the cold dissection method. Its use is associated with a significant decrease in both surgical time and blood loss compared with the cold dissection method.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2001

Metastatic breast carcinoma in the parapharyngeal space.

The parapharyngeal space is a complex anatomical area, which can give rise to a variety of both primary and metastatic neoplasms. We present an unusual case of metastatic adenocarcinoma of the breast, masquerading as a deep lobe parotid neoplasm, 15 years after the primary presentation. Metastatic breast carcinoma has been previously reported at other sites in the head and neck but this is the first report of metastases in the parapharyngeal space with an oropharyngeal presentation.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1991

Urological injuries during obstetric and gynaecological surgical procedures.

Urological injuries during obstetric and gynaecological operations carried out between Jan. '88 to Dec. '88, at a hospital involved in resident teaching programmes were analysed retrospectively. Each case was reviewed for predisposing factors, location and type of injury, time and method of recognition and management. Fifteen injuries were documented in 892 gynaecological procedures and 296 obstetric procedures. Twelve injuries occurred during gynaecological operations whereas 3 occurred during obstetric operations. Thirteen were bladder injuries and two were ureteric injuries. Infiltrating carcinoma of cervix, pelvic adhesions, adhesions because of previous operations and distorted anatomy, were the important risk factors.

Female↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Diagnosis and prevalence of bacterial vaginosis.

A prospective study of 80 women was undertaken to estimate the prevalence of bacterial vaginosis, and to compare two methods of diagnosing the condition. Bacterial Vaginosis was detected by both Gram stain and compound criteria in 30 women. The prevalence was 37.5%. Gram stain provides a simple and inexpensive method for laboratory confirmation of bacterial vaginosis where facilities for using the compound criteria are not available.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Vesical fistulae--an experience from a developing country.

This study analyses patients with vesical fistulae presenting at a teaching, referral hospital over the last ten years. There were 62 cases of vesical fistulae of which 60 were obstetric in origin (44 home and 16 hospital deliveries) and 2 were following gynaecological surgery. Of the hospital deliveries which culminated in fistula formation, 8 were vaginal and 7 forceps deliveries. In one patient, lower segment caesarean section was carried out. After a thorough urological work-up, patients were subjected to standard technique of layered closure (61 by vaginal approach and one by abdominal). Repair was successful in 53 (87.09%) patients. Of the 9 failures, 4 were repeat repairs.

Adolescent↗