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Biomedical subjects

V Palmieri

Publications and source records attributed to V Palmieri.

89 records · Page 5Linked to original sources
PubMed1987

[Echocardiographic visualization of the coronary arteries in endurance athletes].

Visualization of left (LCA) and right coronary artery (RCA) by two-dimensional echocardiography (2-DE) was tried in 20 highly-trained endurance athletes and 20 normal sedentary controls using multiple echo planes. On the standard parasternal short axis aortic root view, the ostium of LCA was successfully visualized in all 20 athletes (100 percent) and in 18 controls (90 percent), the left main trunk in 19 athletes (95 percent) and 14 controls (70 percent) and a distinct bifurcation of the main trunk in 4 athletes (20 percent) and 2 controls (10 percent). In another 2 athletes, the initial tract of the left anterior descending artery and of the left circumflex branch could also be identified. With the same echo view, both from left or right sternal border, the ostium of RCA was visualized in 19 athletes (95 percent) and 16 controls (80 percent), the right main trunk in 18 athletes (90 percent) and 15 controls (75 percent) and a distinct bifurcation of RCA with one branch in 9 athletes (45 percent) and none of controls (p less than 0.025). Moreover, visualization of the distal tract of RCA was obtained on the parasternal long axis view of right ventricle in 15 athletes (75 percent) and 6 controls (30 percent, p less than 0.025). The very good quality of the 2-DE images allowed to measure the size of the ostia and initial tracts of both coronary arteries and the length for which the vessels could distinctly be followed.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

[Radiological aspects and results of percutaneous ultrasonic nephrolithotripsy].

Percutaneous removal of renal stones is becoming an established procedure, especially for stones lying free in the renal pelvis. These techniques, which include: retrograde pyelography to facilitate a thorough understanding of caliceal anatomy and stone position in 3 dimensions; approaches for accurate placement of a nephrostomy tract for straightline access to the stone and stone removal are discussed.

Humans↗
PubMed1984

Evaluation of transducer performance for buttock-cushion interface pressure measurements.

To assess the performance of transducers used clinically to measure pressure at the skin-cushion interface of seated patients, transducers were placed between slabs of gel and/or foam materials compressed between platens. The recorded pressures consistently exceeded the nominal pressures calculated using the surface area of the slabs. This overestimation, observed in both miniature diaphragm transducers and air cell transducers, appeared to result from preferential loading of the transducer due to insufficient structural compliance in the environs. On the other hand, air cell transducers placed at a skin-foam interface beneath the thighs of human subjects gave readings which agreed closely with subcutaneous tissue pressure measurements obtained from a wick catheter inserted at the same location. These results suggest that, although pressure measurements are prone to error due to load sharing, results obtained clinically from subjects on soft cushions are reasonably accurate because of the high compliance of human soft tissue and the foam. Under low loads these distribute the pressure equitably and avoid concentrations of load on the transducer.

Buttocks↗
PubMed1981

Subcutaneous interstitial fluid pressure during external loading.

Interstitial fluid pressure (IFP) distribution generated as a result of externally applied pressure (EAP) may play an important role in the etiology of decubitus ulcers. In the forelimbs of 10 thiopental sodium-anesthetized Yorkshire pigs, weighing 16-20 kg, we placed wick catheters 2-5 mm below the skin. After equilibration, we applied a pediatric cuff and added EAP. With zero EAP, the IFP was -3.9 +/- 1.4 (SD) mmHg. In each case of EAP, IFP as measured with the wick catheter increased and reached a plateau within 10-15 min. In normal tissues, IFP reached approximately 65-75% of EAP. When we created an edematous condition by preinfusing with excess saline, IFP was found to reach 100% of EAP. The total normal stress in the tissue, generated as a result of external cuff pressure, can be considered as a sum of interstitial fluid pressure and extranormal stress. Integrity of the fibrous network and pore fraction may be important in transmitting pressure to the fluid.

Animals↗
PubMed1981

[Spontaneous chylopericardium. A case report (author's transl)].

The AA report an isolated case of chylopericardium in an 11 years old female as anomalous communication between the thoracic duct and pericardium. The origin of this clinically asymptomatic effusion was observed after lynphography, where, two months later a simple surgical drainage was applied without success. A positive result was obtained by a new surgical procedure which consisted of a pleuro pericardial window. The AA. emphisise on a very rare case of spontaneous pericardial effusion not accompanied by lynphatic stasis in other districts (only 32 observations in Literature). An accurate lynphographic study is obligatory once the nature of the liquid has been accertained in order to avoid a certain recurrence when a simple drainage is applied.

Child↗
PubMed1980

[Ileo-ceco-colic invagination. Apropos of a case caused by lymphoma of the last ileal loop].

An unusual case of intestinal invagination due to lymphoma of the last ileal segment serves as a basis for a review of the pathogenetic mechanisms underlying the invagination process and its different onset modalities. Special attention is paid to how chronic invaginations, as a result of their varied, unremarkable symptomatology, often involve mistaken or late diagnosis. The present case is noteworthy because of the summing of factors proper to primary invagination with those of secondary invagination. The hyperperistaltism resulting from the presence of a non-pedunculated mass acted on an intestinal segment in which the anatomico-functional conditions for the establishment of primary invagination were often present., All this was responsible for a chronic basic ileo-caecal invagination process, the cause of progressive limming with acute episodes of further advance of the invaginated part to the transverse colon. It was these acute episodes that gave clinical dignity to the insidious symptomatology reported by the patient thus allowing speedy, correct diagnosis of the ongoing neoplastic process and hence radical surgery with favourable prognosis.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1980

Wheelchair cushion effect on skin temperature, heat flux, and relative humidity.

For patients subject to decubitus ulcers, wheelchair cushions should be prescribed with knowledge of the cushion's effect on the thermal as well as mechanical environment of the skin. To define thermal effects that may be encountered during routine use, tests werr made on 24 commercially available cushions. Skin temperature, heat flux and relative humidity were measured under the ischial tuberosities of a normal 24-year-old man during a 1-hour period of sitting on each cushion. After 1 hour, skin temperatures increased by means of 3.4 C and 2.8 C on foams and viscoelastic foams and there were slight decreases in heat flux as compared with control values in air. On gels, skin temperatures remained constant and heat flux increased, while water "floatation" pads caused a mean skin temperature decreased of 2.7 C along with a marked increase in heat flux. Relative humidity at the skin cushion interface increased by 10.4%, 22.8% and 19.8% on foams, gels and water floatation pads, as compared with room air values. Representative cushions from each of the general types (foam, viscoelastic foam, gel and water floatation) also were subjected to 2-hour tests which indicated the measured parameters continued to change asymptotically.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Diastolic dysfunction in arterial hypertension.

Left ventricular diastolic properties are important markers of pump function and are frequently abnormal when myocardial insults alter tissue structure. Alterations can be limited to the early diastolic phase (early active relaxation) or to late diastolic filling (late ventricular compliance), but more often involve regulation of both phases of diastole. In asymptomatic patients with arterial hypertension, left ventricular relaxation is often prolonged, independently, at least in part, of cardiac loading conditions and left ventricular geometry, but this abnormality is associated with early signs of systolic dysfunction. Uncontrolled hypertension, diabetes, and obesity are most often associated with ischemic heart disease and impaired diastolic function. Reducing blood pressure with antihypertension therapy will reduce myocardial afterload, regress LVH, and improve systolic and diastolic function. In patients with symptoms of CHF with a normal ejection fraction, however, changes in therapy may be indicated. Greater emphasis should be placed on using medications that decrease myocardial load, but also reduce the effects of neurohormonal activation. (c)2001 by Le Jacq Communications, Inc.

Antihypertensive Agents↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Chronic ethanol administration induces oxidative alterations and functional impairment of pancreatic mitochondria in the rat.

Pancreas is known to be vulnerable to ethanol (ETOH) at high doses, but little is known about the effect of lower doses. Therefore, in this study, the levels of glutathione (GSH), sulfhydryl proteins (P-SH), carbonyl proteins, malondialdehyde (MDA), and adenosine triphosphate (ATP) production were determined in the pancreatic tissue and mitochondria of rats fed for 8 weeks with 3% ETOH. ETOH decreased the pancreatic pool of ATP, while GSH and P-SH also decreased in mitochondria. MDA concentrations increased both in the pancreas and mitochondria, while carbonyl proteins increased only in mitochondria. Pancreatic cells of ETOH-treated rats were frequently affected by cytoplasmic vacuolization and swelling; these alterations were often associated with ductular dilatation. In conclusion, ETOH produces oxidative and morphologic alterations in the pancreas of the rat, including impairment of mitochondria. These effects may represent basic mechanisms of ETOH-induced pancreatic injury.

Adenosine Triphosphatases↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Ketanserin alone and in combination with enalapril in the treatment of essential hypertension: assessment of the haemodynamic effects.

The antihypertensive and haemodynamic efficacies of ketanserin and ketanserin plus enalapril were compared. The monotherapy phase of the study involved the oral administration of 40 mg ketanserin twice daily or 20 mg enalapril once daily for 12 weeks to 25 hypertensive patients. Systolic and diastolic blood pressures were significantly reduced by both drugs. Left ventricular function both at rest and during effort improved significantly with either drug. This was due to a reduction of end-systolic volume; end-diastolic volume decreased only with the use of enalapril. Combination therapy, involving 16 patients and both drugs given at the original dosage schedule for 12 weeks, resulted in further reductions in systolic and diastolic blood pressures, and an improvement in left ventricular function; indices of diastolic function were not modified. In conclusion, ketanserin and enalapril showed comparable antihypertensive and haemodynamic activities. A combination of ketanserin and enalapril increased the favourable characteristics of both drugs.

Aged↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Quality guide in nephrology and dialysis].

The Quality Guide, a strategic tool for any nephrologist wishing to initiate a quality policy in his own renal unit, describes to the organisation of total quality management. This article gives a short description of a Quality Guide in Nephrology and Dialysis. According to ISO 9004:2000 Norms, the Quality Guide can be subdivided into four sections: Managerial Accountability, Resource Management; Implementation of Services; Analysis, Evaluation and Continuous Quality Improvement. The quality cycle begins by identifying the customers, who added to the resources constitute the input that will be transformed by the service into output (results). By measuring customer satisfaction the results will be evaluated and analyzed to allow continuous improvement of the service. In conclusion, the drafting of the Guide by all staff members involved has a twofold value: it organizes the quality management within the renal unit and certifies the quality level guaranteed to the customer.

Ambulatory Care Facilities↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Tauroursodeoxycholic acid, ursodeoxycholic acid and gallbladder motility in gallstone patients and healthy subjects.

Fasting and postprandial gallbladder volumes have been measured by sonography both in healthy subjects and gallstone patients ingesting: (a) tauroursodeoxycholic acid; (b) ursodeoxycholic acid; (c) placebo. Each bile salt was given at a dose of 10 mg kg-1. Sonography was repeated in gallstone patients fed tauroursodeoxycholic acid or ursodeoxycholic acid (10 mg kg-1 day-1) for 1 month. Gallstone patients had gallbladder stasis (increase in fasting and residual volumes) and decreased postprandial emptying. Acute ingestion of tauroursodeoxycholic acid or ursodeoxycholic acid did not modify postprandial gallbladder emptying in both groups of subjects. After one month's therapy with tauroursodeoxycholic acid or ursodeoxycholic acid, fasting gallbladder volume further increased in gallstone patients, although gallbladder emptying remained unchanged. Thus, therapeutic doses of tauroursodeoxycholic acid or ursodeoxycholic acid do not acutely modify postprandial gallbladder emptying in either healthy subjects or gallstone patients. Chronic treatment with either bile salts results in an increase in fasting gallbladder volume without interfering with the extent of postprandial gallbladder emptying.

Adult↗