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Biomedical subjects

V P Sharma

Publications and source records attributed to V P Sharma.

At least 163 records · Page 9Linked to original sources
PubMed1991

Determination of sulfalene in plasma, red blood cells and whole blood by high-performance liquid chromatography.

A normal phase high-performance liquid chromatographic method using dichloromethane-methanol-perchloric acid (1 M) (96:9:1, v/v) at a flow-rate of 1 ml/min on a Nucleosil 100-7 column (250 x 8 x 4 mm) and UV detection at 254 nm, has been developed to determine the concentration of sulfalene in plasma, red blood cells and whole blood after oral administration of the antimalarial drug metakelfin. The coefficient of variation was 7.1% and the extraction recovery was 82%. Mean concentrations of sulfalene on days 1, 7 and 15 were: 49.56, 10.46 and 2.24 micrograms/ml in plasma, 25.02, 4.34 and 0.84 micrograms/ml in red blood cells and 21.12, 4.44 and 1.00 micrograms/ml in whole blood, respectively. Quinine, chloroquine, desethylchloroquine, mefloquine, primaquine, sulfadoxine, pyrimethamine and dapsone did not interfere in the detection of sulfalene.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1991

Isolation and serological characterization of a Plasmodium vivax recombinant antigen.

A genomic library for Plasmodium vivax was constructed in lambda gt11 and immunologically screened with pooled serum samples from vivax patients. Six seroreactive clones were isolated, and one clone, denoted PV9, was studied further. This clone has an unusual base composition (65% G + C), does not share any homology with P. falciparum, and codes for an entirely new antigenic determinant. Antibodies (immunoglobulin G type) against the PV9-encoded polypeptide were produced in all vivax patients older than 15 years. This seroreactivity was lower among patients younger than 15 years (53%). The antigenic epitope(s) of the PV9-encoded polypeptide was recognized at a similar rate by serum samples from P. vivax patients who were living 350 to 973 km apart. Fifty percent of uninfected Indian adults were also seropositive, whereas all European and American (United States) sera tested were negative, suggesting that anti-PV9 antibodies persist after infection. The seroreactivity pattern of this antigen is similar to that of the immunity developed in malaria after repeated infections.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

The care of the limb deficient child in India.

The problem of treating limb deficient children in India is compounded by many factors, social, cultural and economic. Few attend early and most therefore manage without prosthetic care.

Artificial Limbs↗
PubMed1991

Role of Azolla in controlling mosquito breeding in Ghaziabad district villages (U.P.).

A survey was carried out during post-monsoon period (1988-89) in villages of Dhaulana Primary Health Centre, Distt. Ghaziabad (U.P.) to evaluate the utility of Azolla pinnata for the control of mosquito breeding in different habitats. Results of the survey revealed that pools, ponds, wells, rice fields and drains were infested with Azolla. Infestation rate and intensity of infestation varied from habitat to habitat. Maximum infestation (36.5%) was observed in pools and minimum (3.7%) in rice fields. Anopheline breeding was almost completely suppressed (0-1.6/dip) in pools, wells and ponds completely covered with Azolla. The breeding of Culex spp. was not completely inhibited in any habitat, though reduction in immature density was observed in comparison to control. The role of Azolla in controlling mosquito breeding and its association with the blue green algae which fixes nitrogen is discussed.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

Bioenvironmental control of malaria at the Indian Drugs and Pharmaceuticals Ltd., Rishikesh (U.P.).

Bioenvironmental control of malaria was achieved at the Indian Drugs and Pharmaceuticals Ltd. (IDPL) complex, Rishikesh, Dehra Dun distt., Uttar Pradesh, India. The IDPL complex is in 15 sq km area with about 25,000 population. One major mosquito-breeding site of about one sq km was eliminated by diverting the factory effluents into a drain. Filling borrow pits, ditches and low-lying areas with burnt coke ash, cleaning blocked drains, mosquito-proofing the overhead water tanks, application of larvivorous fishes and improved case detection and treatment were the additional malaria-control measures. Impact assessment of the interventions revealed that there was 25% reduction in malaria incidence as well as 90% reduction in the use of antimalarials, and a considerable reduction in nuisance mosquito species and malaria vector densities.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

Relapse/reinfection patterns of Plasmodium vivax infection: a four year study.

In an endemic area relapse and reinfection in Plasmodium vivax cases poses serious problems for the malaria control program. We have studied the relapse/reinfection patterns of P. vivax infection in 26 villages of District Shahjahanpur, a malaria endemic area of UP, India for a period of four years (May, 1986 to October, 1988). All the P. vivax cases were given a complete course of radical treatment and were followed-up for relapse/reinfection. There were 8,914, 2,484, 1,439 and 883 P. vivax cases in 1986, 1987 and 1989 respectively, our of which 2,066, 141, 58 and 18 cases in the respective years showed relapse/reinfection. The maximum number of relapse/reinfection was recorded from a 47 year old male patient, who suffered from P. vivax infection eight times. The percentage occurrence of relapse/reinfection was much higher (70.2%) in males compared with females (29.8%). Relapses were more common among 16-30 years old patients. In conclusion it was felt that in 1986 relapse/reinfection in vivax cases was higher due to improper treatment of these cases. This situation may have occurred due to lack of awareness among the public, poor surveillance by the National Malaria Program or higher density of the vector mosquitos in the area.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

Acute toxicity of certain organochlorine, organophosphorus, synthetic pyrethroid and microbial insecticides to the mosquito fish Gambusia affinis (Baird and Girard).

Acute toxicity of certain organochlorine, organophosphorus, synthetic pyrethroid and microbial insecticides to the mosquito fish Gambusia affinis were determined to collect baseline data for selecting the resistant strains of the fish. The synthetic pyrethroid, Lambdacyhalothrin was most toxic to the fish (LC50 = 0.0022 ppm), followed by deltamethrin, cypermethrin and fenvalerate. Organochlorine insecticides, DDT and gamma-HCH, were less toxic than the pyrethroids, and these were followed by organophosphorus insecticides, malathion, fenthion, monocrotophos and temephos. The last two insecticides were least toxic among the different chemical insecticides (LC50 greater than 80 ppm ai). The microbial insecticide ABG-6262 (Vectolex 2.5 AS), a Bacillus sphaericus preparation, was totally harmless to the fish at 2500 microliters/l up to one week.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

Malaria related to constructions in Panaji, Goa.

A marked difference in malaria incidence amongst labour imported for construction and local residents was observed in a study following the outbreak of malaria in Panaji (Goa) in 1986. Water stagnation in and around the construction was the main breeding site for An. stephensi and the intensity of malaria transmission was dependent on the area under construction.

Disease Outbreaks↗
PubMed1991

Resistance in Anopheles culicifacies sibling species B and C to malathion in Andhra Pradesh and Gujarat States, India.

Studies conducted in Warangal, Khammam and Mahabubnagar districts in Andhra Pradesh and Surat district in Gujarat have revealed that Anopheles culicifacies sensu lato (s.l.) populations were resistant to malathion. In the absence of indoor spraying of malathion in public health programs in the 3 districts of Andhra Pradesh, resistance is attributed to the extensive use of pesticides in agriculture. Species B and C were sympatric in all areas surveyed, and both the species were resistant to malathion. In most of the surveys carried out in Mahabubnagar, Khammam and Warangal, levels of resistance were higher in species C than in B. In Mahabubnagar district an increase in resistance from 5.5 to 64% was observed from 1985 to 1987 in An. culicifacies s.l. The proportion of species C was low in the initial 2 surveys, and in the later surveys the proportion was almost equal to that of species B; the resistance level was also significantly higher than in species B. In Surat district, where resistance ranged from 74 to 93%, the level of resistance in the 2 species was almost the same.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

Evaluation of juvenile hormone analogue JHM/S-31183 against immature stages of mosquitoes in natural habitats.

A study was carried out to evaluate the potentiality of Juvenile hormone compound JHM/S-31183 against immatures of mosquitoes in natural habitats. Of two formulations tested 1% emulsifiable formulation was marginally superior than the granule formulation. Adult emergence of An. stephensi was completely inhibited upto 12 weeks when 0.5% granule formulation was applied at 0.04 ppm in wells as against 50% inhibition upto 8 weeks in pools. However, in Culex quinquefasciatus the per cent inhibition of adult emergence varied from 52 to 90 per cent. 100% inhibition in pools upto one week at 0.04 ppm in An. stephensi was also obtained with 1% emulsifiable formulation but the effect was diluted in successive weeks. The impact of this formulation was not much pronounced against Culex quinquefasciatus.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

Feeding behavior patterns of anophelines from Uttar Pradesh and Gujarat states of India.

Identification of host blood meals collected on filter paper in the field from fully fed female anophelines was carried out by a microdot-ELISA; field-caught mosquito species were simultaneously identified. The results indicate that the percentages of mixed feeds, i.e., mosquitoes feeding both on human and cattle hosts to complete a blood meal, was only 3-4%. Human and mixed feeds together accounted for nearly 10% of bloodmeals. Mosquitoes collected from human dwellings did not show a higher percentage of human feeding than cattle feeding. The human blood index was found to be related to the proportion of human and cattle population in an area.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

Influence of stress on phosphoinositides in rat brain.

The effect of a single 1 h immobilization or repeated 1 h immobilization for 10 days on the levels of phosphoinositides in rat whole brain was investigated. Immediately after 1 h immobilization the levels of phosphatidylinositol (PI) and phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (PIP2) were decreased by 22 and 31%, respectively, but phosphatidylinositol 4-phosphate (PIP) was not significantly reduced. These changes were restored to normal levels 20 h after the immobilization. After repeated daily immobilizations the effect of stress on phosphoinositides was no longer observed. These results show that acute stress perturbs the concentration of PIP2 (precursor of second messengers) and indicate adaptation to acute stress in animals subjected to repeated stress.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

Application of a simplified in-vivo test system for determining chloroquine resistance in Plasmodium falciparum.

A simplified in-vivo test system was applied to detect chloroquine resistance in malaria patients in Shahjahanpur district (Uttar Pradesh) in India. In 27.6% of cases RIII resistance was observed. This in-vivo method is a simple and useful test for the early detection of chloroquine-resistant falciparum infections and for the management of these patients with alternative therapy.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

Detection of multiple invasion of erythrocytes by Plasmodium vivax.

An attempt was made to detect multiple invasion of erythrocytes by Plasmodium vivax in district Shahjahanpur, India. Out of 33,027 P. vivax cases examined, 84 showed multiple invasion of erythrocytes. There were 14 cases who showed more than five rings in an erythrocyte. Maximum invasion of an erythrocyte was observed in a 50 year old male patient, a single erythrocyte was harbouring 12 rings. In 5 patients more than one schizonts were present in single erythrocyte. The number of merozoites per schizont varied from 2-28. In some of the cases erythrocytes were having more than one stage of the malarial parasite. Such variations are probably related to the P. vivax strain found in this area.

Adolescent↗