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Biomedical subjects

V P Kumar

Publications and source records attributed to V P Kumar.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1994

Arthroscopic retrieval of loose bodies.

Using an ordinary metallic suction tube through a separate puncture wound, we were able to retrieve a free-floating loose body by suction action. We facilitated its retrieval by using conveniently located grasping forceps. This combination reproduces the action of commercially available suction loose body forceps.

Arthroscopy↗
PubMed1994

The A-O femoral distractor for ankle arthroscopy.

Arthroscopy of the ankle is a well established technique for the evaluation of ankle pain or dysfunction. Using the A-O femoral distractor with pins in the distal tibia and calcaneum, respectively, we were able to provide distraction for easy visualization and operative manipulation within the ankle joint comparable with that obtained with commercially available ankle distractors.

Ankle Joint↗
PubMed1994

Function following limb salvage for primary tumors of the shoulder girdle. 10 patients followed 4 (1-11) years.

10 patients with primary neoplasms of the shoulder girdle underwent limb salvage procedures involving resection of the proximal humerus and parts of the scapula and clavicle. The function of the ipsilateral limb was assessed in all patients, in 9 at least one and a half years after surgery. Function was good in 3 of the 6 patients in whom an interposition bone graft was used and a successful shoulder arthrodesis was achieved. In the remaining 3, proximal arthrodesis was unsuccessful and the result was fair in 2 and a failure in 1. All 3 patients in whom the extended Tikhoff Linberg type of reconstruction was undertaken had good function although unsatisfactory cosmetic results. The 10th patient, who had a temporary cement and wire interposition, died of distant metastases 8 months after surgery and was considered a failure.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1994

Documenting rotation at the glenohumeral joint. A technical note.

Present methods of documenting internal rotation of the shoulder joint are based on the point reached over the back by the tip of the fully extended thumb. Disease or stiffness of the joints distal to the shoulder gives a false measure of internal rotation. Using the interepicondylar line of the humerus in the coronal plane as the neutral position, internal rotation can be documented accurately as the angle formed by this line with the coronal plane when the shoulder is rotated inwards.

Biomechanical Phenomena↗
PubMed1994

Single-blind comparative analgesic and safety study of single doses of intramuscularly administered ketorolac tromethamine and pethidine hydrochloride in patients with pain following orthopaedic surgery.

Ketorolac tromethamine, a potent non-narcotic prostaglandin synthetase inhibiting analgesic was compared with pethidine for relief of moderate to severe postoperative pain. Forty-eight patients received Ketorolac 0.5 mg/kg and 52 received pethidine 1.25 mg/kg. The degree of pain prior to the administration of the drug and pain relief that followed were quantified using a vertical visual analogue scale (VAS) and monitored at hourly intervals. The safety profile was also studied by recording all adverse events noted. The mean pain (VAS) score at medication for Ketorolac was 7.04 and for pethidine 7.09. The pain relief obtained in the first four hours following administration of the drugs was similar for pethidine and Ketorolac. Although Ketorolac showed a longer sustained pain relief, time to peak analgesia after administration of this drug was slower than that after pethidine. It took 30 to 50 min for pethidine compared to 75 to 150 min for Ketorolac to achieve peak analgesia. The latter is therefore inappropriate if rapid pain relief is required. The incidence of side effects was significantly greater with pethidine (40.4%) as compared to Ketorolac (10.4%). The similar analgesic efficacy to pethidine makes Ketorolac an appropriate drug for the relief of postoperative pain especially in day surgery settings where observation following administration of the drug as in the case of pethidine can be dispensed with and patients sent home earlier because of the minimal side effects associated with its use. Caution must be exercised with the use of large doses of Ketorolac especially if the drug is used for more than 5 days to avoid serious complications like renal failure and gastrointestinal bleeding.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

Reactivation of rheumatoid arthritis in knees following total knee replacement.

Between May 1985 and December 1990, 20 patients with rheumatoid arthritis had 34 total knee replacements performed. The mean follow-up period was 4.1 years and the range was 2.3 to 7.8 years. Five knees with total knee replacements (74.7%) in 4 patients were affected by activation of the rheumatoid process at an average postoperative interval of 28.6 months while the other 29 knees with total knee replacements (85.3%) remained in remission. Factors that appeared to have an influence on post total knee replacement rheumatoid activation included the activity of the disease preoperatively, and whether synovectomy was undertaken at surgery. Whether patella replacement was undertaken appeared not to have influenced postoperative reactivation of the disease. Using the Hospital for Special Surgery Knee score, total knee replacement in our cases gave excellent results. The complications included one knee with dislocation of the patella and another with infection.

Aged↗
PubMed1993

Synthesis and structure-activity relationships of 14 beta-hydroxy-5 alpha-pregnanes: pregnanes that bind to the cardiac glycoside receptor.

5 alpha-pregnane-3 beta,14 beta,20 beta-triol 3-alpha-L-rhamnopyranoside (8) and 3 beta-(alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyloxy)-5 alpha-pregn-14-en-20-one (14) were prepared from uzarigenin by ozonolysis followed by zinc and acetic acid reduction and glycosidation. During the glycosidation reaction leading to (8) the corresponding ortho ester (9) was also obtained. Uzarigenin alpha-L-rhamnopyranoside (15) also was prepared. Synthesis of 5 alpha-pregnane-3 beta,14 beta,20 beta-triol (20) is described. Structures were established by analysis of their NMR spectra. The binding affinity of 5 alpha and 5 beta cardenolide and pregnane derivatives as measured in a radioligand binding assay was determined and their structure-activity relationships compared. The receptor binding affinity of the 5 alpha derivatives is less than that of the corresponding 5 beta derivatives.

Acetates↗
PubMed1993

Cloning of the triosephosphate isomerase gene of Plasmodium falciparum and expression in Escherichia coli.

A major supply of energy in the rapidly multiplying intraerythrocytic Plasmodium falciparum is from the glycolytic pathway. We have isolated the cDNA and genomic clones of the glycolytic enzyme, triosephosphate isomerase (TPI) by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Degenerate oligonucleotides obtained by reverse translation of conserved polypeptide sequences derived from TPIs of other organisms, were used to prime PCR on P. falciparum DNA. The P. falciparum TPI gene is interrupted by a single intron which divides the coding region into two exons. The coding region encodes a protein of 248 amino acids which is of the same size as TPIs from other organisms and shares 42-45% homology with other known eukaryotic TPIs. On comparison with human TPI the catalytic domain was found to be highly conserved, while significant variations occurred at the other regions in the protein sequence. The P. falciparum TPI gene was cloned into the expression vector pTrc99A and hyperexpressed as an unfused protein in Escherichia coli. The 28-kDa protein was shown to be catalytically active.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1993

Resection of vascular malformations.

A retrospective study was undertaken of 15 cases of congenital vascular malformations of the upper limb with a mean follow-up of 5.6 years. Malformations were classified on the basis of tissue involvement into local and diffuse types and the outcome of a radical surgical approach was assessed. There were seven cases of recurrence (47%). Recurrence was more frequent in the diffuse type and when excision was considered incomplete.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1993

Treatment and prevention of "hook nail" deformity with anatomic correlation.

The hook nail deformity is a relatively common complication after fingertip amputation. It can be corrected or prevented with a carefully performed surgical procedure. The nail plate is removed. The redundant nail bed that is folded over the tip of the terminal phalanx is carefully removed with an additional 2 mm that is supported by the terminal phalanx so that wound healing will not draw the nail bed over the tip of the phalanx again. The fingertip is then resurfaced by a V-Y advancement flap, with precautions taken to avoid all tension in the flap.

Amputation, Traumatic↗
PubMed1993

The false positive Lachman test.

Five patients with isolated rupture of the posterior cruciate injury following road traffic accidents were noted to demonstrate a "positive Lachman test". Stress radiographs while performing the Lachman manoeuvre confirmed that all 5 patients had only a posterior cruciate injury. Attention is drawn to the "false positive Lachman test" that indicates a posterior cruciate injury. The presence of a sag sign also establishes a diagnosis of posterior cruciate rupture and a positive Lachman test in this situation must be interpreted with caution.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Objective assessment of research performance.

Research output in academic institutions need critical and objective assessment. Publications are an important avenue by which research by an academic can be evaluated. Journals in which such publications appear may be ranked and weight age given to publications in highly ranked journals. The number of citations of an academic's work by peers is another assessment of quality of research output. Firstly subjective peer assessment although flawed by interpersonal bias has its merits especially when evaluation is by an outsider of the institution.

Humans↗
PubMed1992

The dropped big toe.

Surgical procedures for exposure of the upper third of the fibula have been known to cause weakness of the long extensor of the big toe post-operatively. The authors present three representative cases of surgically induced dropped big toe. From cadaveric dissection, an anatomic basis was found for this phenomenon. The tibialis anterior and extensor digitorum longus muscles have their origin at the proximal end of the leg and receive their first motor innervation from a branch that arises from the common peroneal or deep peroneal nerve at about the level of the neck of the fibula. However, the extensor hallucis longus muscle originates in the middle one-third of the leg and the nerves innervating this muscle run a long course in close proximity to the fibula for up to ten centimeters from a level below the neck of the fibula before entering the muscle. Surgical intervention in the proximal one-third of the fibula just distal to the origin of the first motor branch to the tibialis anterior and extensor digitorum longus muscles carries a risk of injury to the nerves innervating the extensor hallucis longus.

Adolescent↗