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Biomedical subjects

V Odlind

Publications and source records attributed to V Odlind.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1994

Effects of specially tailored information on Swedish university students' sexual behavior.

In independent surveys concerning sexual behavior among university students in Uppsala, Sweden, in 1989 and 1990, we found that condoms were infrequently used and that up to 25% of the sexually experienced students had a history of having had at least one sexually transmitted disease (STD). We targeted an information campaign toward the same students (approximately 20,000) in 1990. Our aims were (1) to increase the knowledge of STDs and alert the students to the high frequency of STDs in the student population, (2) to encourage students to have an STD checkup at the local STD clinic, and (3) to induce a positive attitude toward condoms. We evaluated the effects of the campaign, using before and after classroom surveys, a separate survey of students who attended the STD clinic, and a focus group analysis. Although the information campaign was successful, in that students became more aware of STDs and showed increased knowledge about the high frequency of STDs in their own population, fewer than 1% of the target population went for an STD checkup at the local STD clinic. Overall, the campaign was well received by the students but failed to induce any measurable changes in attitudes during the short observation period.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

Hormonal intrauterine devices.

Intrauterine administration of progestogens from an IUD was introduced more than 15 years ago in order to improve the contraceptive efficacy and to reduce side-effects. A device releasing 20 micrograms levonorgestrel daily (Levonova) with a life span of at least 5 years is now available and has been subjected to an extensive study including 1821 women followed during 5 years. The safety and efficacy were evaluated in comparison to Cu-T IUDs. The pregnancy rate (Pearl index) was 0.09. During the first two cycles after insertion intermenstrual bleeding was common, otherwise the frequency of side-effects was low. The results seem to justify the conclusion that intrauterine administration of progestogens represents a further development of IUDs and hormonal contraception. Furthermore, these devices have proven to be effective in treatment of heavy menstrual blood losses. In many menorrhagic women, use of these IUDs can replace more invasive surgical methods such as hysterectomy or endometrial resection. Intrauterine administration of progestogens is also effective in opposing the proliferative effect of oestrogen on the endometrium in women on hormonal replacement therapy.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

Two-year comparative trial of the Gyne T* 380 Slimline and Gyne T* 380 intrauterine copper devices.

In a randomized trial of the Gyne T* 380 Slimline, the-two year pregnancy rate was 0.3 per 100 and the continuation rate was 65 per 100. These rates did not differ statistically from those of the standard Gyne T* 380, nor did other performance parameters differ between devices by the log-rank test. Women under age 30 had lower continuation rates using either device than did women age 30 or older at admission because of removals for planned pregnancy. Conception rates among those who desired pregnancy were 35 per 100 at one month and 86 per 100 at one year.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Incidence of legal abortion in Sweden after the Chernobyl accident.

The number of legal abortions in Sweden increased around the time of the Chernobyl accident, particularly in the summer and autumn of 1986. Although there was no recording of reasons for legal abortions, one might have suspected this increase to be a result of fear and anxiety after the accident. However, seen over a longer time perspective, the increase in the number of abortions started before and continued far beyond the time of the accident. There was also a simultaneous and pronounced increase in the number of births during the years subsequent to the accident. Therefore, it seems unlikely that fear of the consequences of radioactive fall-out after the Chernobyl accident resulted in any substantial increase of the number of legal abortions in Sweden.

Abortion, Legal↗
PubMed1991

Chlamydia trachomatis in sexually active teenage girls. Factors related to genital chlamydial infection: a prospective study.

The incidence of new infections with C trachomatis was found to be 19%. Predisposing factors for a subsequent chlamydial infection were multiple partners, smoking and previous infection with C trachomatis. Girls with a spread cervical ectopy were not more likely to contract a chlamydial infection in one year than girls without an ectopy. Oral contraceptive use was not found to predispose for a chlamydial infection.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

A randomized trial of the Gyne T 380 and Gyne T 380 Slimline Intrauterine Copper devices.

To facilitate manufacture and insertion of the Gyne T 380 IUD, design changes were instituted. Copper collars were seated flush at the ends of the horizontal crossbar of the device. A randomized study of the Gyne T 380 Slimline, the new design, was undertaken in comparison with the standard Gyne T 380. A total of 996 women were enrolled, with 698 Slimline insertions and 298 of the standard Gyne T. No statistically significant difference in ease of insertion or in performance was detected between the models. At one year, the pregnancy rate of each model was below 0.5 per 100 and the continuation rate was 79-80 per 100. Pelvic inflammatory disease or endometritis was found in one percent of subjects in the first year. This is the seventh multicenter randomized study of a collared T IUD with 380 mm2 of copper surface. In all seven, the one-year gross pregnancy rate has been 1.2 per 100 or lower.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Contraception with a vaginal ring releasing 3-keto desogestrel and ethinylestradiol.

Eleven healthy women used a contraceptive vaginal ring for three cycles. The rings released 15 micrograms of ethinylestradiol and 150 micrograms of 3-keto desogestrel per 24 hours. The rings were used for 21 days and then removed, rinsed in clean water and stored. After a 7-day ring-free period, the rings were reinserted. Totally, each ring was used for 3 cycles. The rings were well tolerated. The bleeding pattern was excellent. No woman showed any signs of ovulation when using the ring. Estradiol levels were suppressed, but showed an increase during the ring-free period as can be found during the pill-free period of an oral contraceptive regimen. When the ring was reinserted, the estradiol levels were rapidly suppressed again. SHBG capacity increased during use of the ring.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Clinical results with subcutaneous implants containing 3-keto desogestrel.

Eight healthy women using one Silastic implant of 30 mm length filled with 3-keto desogestrel, the active metabolite of desogestrel, were studied for 36-664 days. The release rate of 3-keto desogestrel was quite constant and around 30 micrograms/day. No ovulations occurred. One woman was amenorrheic, while the others had different bleeding patterns, often with periods of spotting. No other side effects were recorded. The mean plasma levels of 3-keto desogestrel were 0.9 nmol/l after 1 month and 0.5 nmol/l after 12 months. 3-Keto desogestrel was less effective than testosterone, estradiol or levonorgestrel in displacing 3H-dihydrotestosterone from SHBG. It is concluded that contraception with 3-keto desogestrel delivered through an implant is a promising method for further investigation. With a single implant we found a duration of at least one year.

Binding, Competitive↗
PubMed1990

Ovarian function during use of a levonorgestrel-releasing IUD.

Ovarian function was studied for two complete menstrual cycles in 9 regularly menstruating women and for 8 weeks in three amenorrhoeic women who had used levonorgestrel-releasing IUDs (LNG-IUD) for more than four years. Nine patients using copper IUDs (Nova-T) were studied for two complete menstrual cycles as controls. According to progesterone levels, 15/17 cycles in women using LNG-IUDs were ovulatory, whereas only 8/17 cycles showed normal follicular growth and rupture as judged by ultrasound. In ovulatory cycles, the peak progesterone levels were lower than in the controls. The preovulatory estradiol and LH peak levels were also lower than in control subjects. SHBG levels were lower in LNG-IUD users than in copper IUD users. It is concluded that, although the dose of levonorgestrel released from the IUD is very low, it probably exerts an effect on the gonadotrophin secretion, which disturbs follicular development in many of the women studied, which in addition to the local effect on the endometrium, contributes to its high contraceptive efficacy.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Chlamydia trachomatis among sexually active teenage girls: influence of sampling location and clinical signs on the detection rate.

A total of 707 cultures for Chlamydia trachomatis were obtained from healthy teenage girls attending an adolescence clinic for family planning. Apart from sampling from the endocervix, specimens were also obtained from outside the squamocolumnar junction and from the posterior fornix and cultured separately in order to study whether it was possible to improve the detection rate of C trachomatis by sampling from outside the endocervix. In 91 (12.8%) of the girls a positive culture was found. Of the chlamydia positive samples, 83.5% were obtained from the endocervix and 95% from outside the squamocolumnar junction of the portio. Of the 91 positive cultures, 15 (16.5%) were positive only in the sample obtained from the portio surface. The results indicate that the detection rate of C trachomatis could be improved by extended specimen collection. C trachomatis was isolated significantly more often when there was an ectopy, irrespective of whether the specimens had been collected from the endocervix or from outside the squamocolumnar junction. C trachomatis was particularly common if there was an ectopy and a bleeding at specimen collection. If there was no bleeding at sampling, C trachomatis was equally common in women with as in those without an ectopy.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

Coagulation and fibrinolysis during the normal menstrual cycle.

Thirteen healthy women (age 24-44 yrs) were studied during their menstrual cycle. Samples were taken 2-3 times weekly for six consecutive weeks. Plasma concentrations of oestradiol and progesterone were determined in each blood sample and only women found to be ovulatory were included. From the hormone data the cycles were divided in five phases (early follicular phase, late follicular phase, early luteal phase, late luteal phase and menstrual period). The samples for the coagulation and fibrinolysis assays as well as the venous occlusion (20 min) tests were drawn or performed between 8-9 a m after fasting for 8 hrs. The fibrinogen F VIII:C and AT III were assayed and did not show any variations through the study period. Neither were any differences found in platelet counts, platelet mean volumes or platelet function measured as platelet adhesion and plasma beta-thromboglobulin. The fibrinolytic activity after venous occlusion decreased slightly during the late luteal phase (phase 4) as compared with the other phases. Large individual differences were, however, seen and no statistically significant differences between the five different phases were found. The plasminogen activator inhibitor (PAI-1) varied during the cycle but in most individuals within the normal range. In 7/13 women substantial fluctuations of the fibrinolytic activities during the cycle were seen. Four women had a significant fall of the fibrinolytic activity after venous occlusion during the late luteal phase (phase 4) and 3 others during the menstrual phase (phase 5). No co-variation between the fibrinolytic activities and PAI-1 was found. Multiple regression analysis showed a co-variation between fibrinolytic activities and progesterone.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

The antiprogestational agent RU 486 as an abortifacient in early human pregnancy: a comparison of three dose regimens.

Three different regimens of RU 486, a progesterone receptor blocking agent, were compared for their ability to terminate early human pregnancy. One-hundred-fifty-three healthy women with a gestational length less than 49 days from the last menstrual period were recruited to the study and randomly allocated to one of three treatment regimens: 1) RU 486 10 mg x 2 for seven days; 2) RU 486 25 mg x 2 for seven days; or 3) RU 486 50 mg x 2 for seven days. No significant difference in efficacy was seen between the three dose regimens. Treatment with 10 mg x 2 x VII resulted in 73 per cent complete abortions, 25 mg x 2 x VII in 66 per cent and 50 mg x 2 x VII in 64 per cent complete abortions. Response to treatment, measured as reported onset of bleeding and passage of products of conception, however, occurred significantly later on the 10 mg x 2 regimen than on the other two dose regimens. In each treatment group, women who subsequently aborted completely had significantly lower pretreatment levels of hCG than women with incomplete abortion or continuing pregnancy. The treatment was well tolerated by the women and except for one woman who experienced a profound bleeding necessitating a blood transfusion, no serious side effects were seen.

Abortion, Induced↗