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Biomedical subjects

V Nath

Publications and source records attributed to V Nath.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1997

Is open pyeloplasty still justified?

OBJECTIVE: To determine the success rate, complications and morbidity from open pyeloplasty. PATIENTS AND METHODS: The study included 63 patients with confirmed pelvi-ureteric junction (PUJ) obstruction who underwent 66 pyeloplasties. Their records were analysed retrospectively for age, clinical presentation, serum creatinine level, presence of infection, surgical technique, and pre- and post-operative isotopic renography. The mean (range) follow-up was 15.5 (3-60) months. RESULTS: Pain was the most common presenting symptom; most pyeloplasties were dismembered and 77% of the procedures were performed by urological trainees. Retrograde pyelography did not alter the management in any patient. The complications were persisting PUJ obstruction in four, urinary leakage in two, transient vesico-ureteric obstruction in two and meatal stenosis in one. There were no complications in non-intubated pyeloplasties. Pain was successfully relieved in 98% of patients, renal function improved or remained stable in 92% and deteriorated in 7.7%. One patient underwent a revision pyeloplasty and another required nephrectomy. A younger patient, absence of urinary tract infection and absence of palpable mass were favourable factors. CONCLUSION: Pyeloplasty is the most effective and permanent treatment for PUJ obstruction. Newer endoscopic procedures currently used must be carefully assessed against this 'gold standard' before becoming widespread.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1997

Spontaneous rupture of the urinary bladder in the puerperium.

Spontaneous rupture of the urinary bladder in the puerperium is extremely rare. The patient usually presents with acute abdominal pain. Awareness on the part of the treating surgeon that bladder rupture is a possibility will lead to an early diagnosis. Immediate exploration, removing urine from the peritoneal cavity or retropubic space, closing the rupture and securing good vesical drainage, results in resumption of vesical function, and thereby decreases the mortality and morbidity.

Abdomen, Acute↗
PubMed1995

Significance of Salmonella typhi bacteriuria.

Bacteriuria due to Salmonella typhi usually occurs following recent typhoid fever or in chronic carrier states. Data from 18 patients with S. typhi bacteriuria, seen during 5 years, were analyzed. Fourteen patients had localized urinary tract infection due to S. typhi. Four others had bacteriuria, probably associated with typhoid fever. Localized abnormalities of the urinary tract and kidneys and also systemic diseases were found to predispose patients to S. typhi bacteriuria. Local abnormalities encountered included urolithiasis (n = 3), prostatic hypertrophy (n = 1), and tuberculosis (n = 1). One renal transplant recipient and another with lupus nephritis had S. typhi bacteriuria. One had associated strongyloidosis, and another was pregnant.

Bacteriuria↗
PubMed1995

Use of continuous electrical capacitance and transepidermal water loss measurements for assessing barrier function in neonatal rat skin.

A vital function of the skin is to oppose the loss of water to the environment. In this study, two complementary methods, transepidermal water loss (TEWL) and continuous electrical capacitance under occlusion, were used to assess epidermal barrier function in a developmental animal model, the neonatal Sprague-Dawley rat. TEWL monitors barrier function directly while the increase in capacitance under occlusion is related to both the skin's barrier function and to its water holding capacity. Serial tape stripping of the stratum corneum on 1-day-old rat pups led to a significant increase in both TEWL and continuous capacitance measurements. Anatomic site heterogeneity and the effects of surface temperature were also studied. The ventral skin surface exhibited an increase in the continuous capacitance measurements, an effect possibly due to the thinner stratum corneum on the ventral side. Both TEWL and continuous capacitance values were directly correlated with ambient temperatures within the physiological range.

Animals↗
PubMed1994

Beta haemolytic group A streptococci causing urinary tract infection.

OBJECTIVE: To describe the clinical and laboratory findings in patients with Group A streptococci (GAS) bacteriuria. PATIENTS: Patients with GAS bacteriuria seen in a tertiary care hospital in southern India between 1988 and 1993 were identified. Data were collected from the hospital records. RESULT: GAS were isolated from 15 women and 11 men. Clinical data were available for 24 of these. The condition presented as asymptomatic bacteriuria (nine patients), dysuria or frequency (12), and fever without localizing signs (three). All infections occurred in individuals with systemic or local conditions predisposing to urinary tract infection. All patients responded well to antimicrobial therapy. CONCLUSION: GAS bacteriuria is rare and occurs only in individuals with other predisposing conditions. Patients with this infection respond well to therapy.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Selective desensitization to seminal plasma protein fractions after immunotherapy for postcoital anaphylaxis.

A 24-year-old white woman reported sexual intercourse-related pruritus, hives, wheezing, and dyspnea within 5 minutes after ejaculation. Systemic reactions (SRs) were prevented by use of condoms. Prick testing confirmed sensitization to five Sephadex G-100-separated fractions of her husband's seminal plasma. The intradermal end point threshold concentrations (ETC) were 10(-4) and 10(-1) micrograms of protein per milliliter to fractions 2 and 3, respectively. Leukocyte histamine release studies exhibited 100% release to fraction 2 and 37% release to fraction 3. A 2-day protocol of rapid immunotherapy (IT) was performed with subcutaneous incremental doses of human seminal plasma (HuSePl) fractions 2 and 3. The patient experienced an SR after receiving a cumulative dose of 38.55 micrograms of fraction 2 on day 1. On day 2, rapid IT with fraction 2 was administered until the patient experienced a mild SR after having received a cumulative dose of 102.8 micrograms. There was a one-log10 increase in the intradermal ETC to both fractions 2 and 3 at the end of day 2. IT was continued three times weekly for 4 months until the patient tolerated 100 micrograms doses of both fractions 2 and 3. At 4 months, coitus was resumed without SRs, and HuSePl IT was stopped. The intradermal ETC to fractions 1, 3, 4, and 5 was increased 6 months after cessation of HuSePl injections, but there was a one-log decrease in the ETC to fraction 2. Our experience demonstrated that systemic tolerance can be achieved by parenteral administration of selected HuSePl fractions. Partial immunologic desensitization of patients with anaphylactic sensitivity can be achieved.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Allograft nephrectomy--a 16-year experience.

A review has been made of the indications, technical problems, complications and results of 31 allograft nephrectomies in 29 patients; 12 patients died between 15 days and 1 month after graft nephrectomy, which was undertaken within 6 months of transplantation. Gross local and general complications occurred in 7 patients who survived graft nephrectomy. The procedure is recommended when graft failure occurs within 6 months of transplantation provided it is associated with systemic signs of severe rejection or sepsis, or if it occurs in cases where continuation of immunosuppressants is life-threatening.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1988

Evaluation of extravesical and Leadbetter-Politano ureteroneocystostomy in renal transplantation.

In a series of 650 renal transplantations performed over a 4- year period, the results were evaluated of 125 Leadbetter-Politano and 125 extravesical ureteroneocystostomies. The Leadbetter-Politano technique had a complication rate of 4%, with 3.2% of these patients having a vesical leak. Extravesical ureteroneocystostomy also had a 4% complication rate but only 1.6% of these patients had a vesical leak. Although there was no statistical difference between the two groups with regard to complications, we feel that extravesical ureteroneocystostomy is a quick and simple procedure and well suited to the special challenge presented by renal transplant recipients.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1987

Analysis of prolactin and growth hormone production in hyperplastic and neoplastic rat pituitary tissues by the hemolytic plaque assay.

The reverse hemolytic plaque assay (RHPA) was used to detect hormone release from cultured normal, hyperplastic, and neoplastic rat pituitary cells. Hyperplastic pituitary cells were produced by s.c. diethylstilbestrol (DES) treatment (10 mg in Silastic tubes) for 3, 6, and 9 weeks. Neoplastic pituitary cells from rats with MtT/W15 transplantable tumors treated with DES for 3 weeks were also analyzed. Aliquots of the same cells were also analyzed by immunocytochemical staining. DES treatment resulted in an increase in prolactin (PRL)-producing cells in hyperplastic pituitaries compared to untreated pituitaries after 9 weeks of treatment by the RHPA [61.2 +/- 5.2 (SE) versus 32 +/- 3.0] and by immunocytochemical staining [70.9 +/- 2.4 versus 36 +/- 1.4]. The percentage of mammosomatotropic cells decreased from 11.3 +/- 3.8 to 4.2 +/- 2.6% in pituitary cells from these same groups of animals. After 3 weeks of DES treatment in rats with MtT/W15 tumor, there was an increase in growth hormone (GH)-producing cells and a decrease in PRL-producing cells when analyzed by the RHPA (control: percentage of GH, 36.3 +/- 6.2; percentage of PRL, 39.0 +/- 1.6 versus DES-treated tumors: percentage of GH of 68.2 +/- 1.9; and percentage of PRL, 3.2 +/- 1.8%). The percentage of mammosomatotropic cells declined from 12.4 +/- 2.3 to 0.77 +/- 2.4%. A combined procedure of RHPA followed by immunocytochemical staining on the same slides also revealed a decline in mammosomatotropic cells after chronic DES treatment in hyperplastic and neoplastic MtT/W15 tumor cells. These results show that DES has different effects on PRL and GH secretion and storage in hyperplastic pituitary and in the MtT/W15 pituitary tumor cells.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

Effects of pergolide on diethylstilbestrol-induced rat pituitary hyperplasia.

Hyperplastic anterior pituitary glands were produced in female rats by treatment with 10 mg of diethylstilbestrol in Silastic tubing. This led to increased numbers of immunoreactive prolactin cells and increased serum prolactin levels. After 6 weeks of diethylstilbestrol treatment, one group of rats was treated with daily injections of pergolide for 3 weeks. Pergolide produced a significant decrease in pituitary gland weight and in serum prolactin levels but did not change the percentage of prolactin cells significantly, compared with that of control rats. Ultrastructural studies showed a significant increase in the numbers of prolactin secretory granules and numerous large intracellular bodies with associated secretory granules in pituitaries from rats treated with pergolide. In one group of rats in which the diethylstilbestrol was discontinued for 3 weeks after 6 weeks of treatment there was a significant decrease in pituitary gland weight and serum prolactin and a significant decrease in the percentage of prolactin cells, compared with values in the rats treated with diethylstilbestrol for 9 weeks. These results indicate that pergolide causes decreased release of prolactin from secretory granules in anterior pituitary prolactin cells and an increase in the numbers of PRL secretory granules per cell but does not change the percentage of prolactin-producing pituitary cells after 3 weeks of treatment.

Animals↗
PubMed1980

Cytochemical changes induced by apholate, tepa and hempa during vitellogenesis in Locusta migratoria.

Proteins (--SS, --SH, and NH2 groups; tyrosine, tryptophan and arginine), DNA, phospholipids and triglycerides showed a progressive decline in the oocytes of Locusta migratoria with increase in doses of apholate, tepa and hempa. Carbohydrates showed a decline only after higher doses of apholate and tepa whereas they were not affected at all with hempa. The pyroninophilia due to RNA in the oocytes decreased in the ooplasm of oocytes slightly, but increased in the cytoplasm and nucleoplasm of follicular epithelial cells with all the chemosterilants. The follicular epithelial cells degenerated in the mature oocytes, and yolk formation was inhibited.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

Histopathological and cytochemical studies on the 5-fluorouracil treated gonads of Locusta migratoria (L.).

5-Fluorouracil caused necrosis in ovary only whereas testis remained unaffected even with higher doses. In ovary the ooplasm shrank; some follicular epithelial cells became pycnotic, and the nuclei of others showed an abnormal fragmentation of chromatin material; the cytoplasm of follicular epithelial cells was drawn into the peripheral empty space formed by the contraction of the ooplasm, and ultimately the follicular epithelium disintegrated. The interoocytal bridge is some oocytes was lost. The yolk formation was inhibited, and maturation of eggs was prevented. Most of the mature oocytes were also damaged. Inhibition of DNA and RNA synthesis, and decreases in proteins, carbohydrates and lipids was observed. With increased doses and post-treatment periods the effects mentioned above were increased.

Animals↗