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Biomedical subjects

V Morris

Publications and source records attributed to V Morris.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2003

Longitudinal sliding of the median nerve in patients with carpal tunnel syndrome.

In nerve compression syndromes restricted nerve sliding may lead to increased strain, possibly contributing to symptoms. Ultrasound was used to examine longitudinal median nerve sliding in 17 carpal tunnel syndrome patients and 19 controls during metacarpophalangeal joint movement. Longitudinal movement in the forearm averaged 2.62 mm in controls and was not significantly reduced in carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) patients (mean=2.20 mm). In contrast, CTS patients had a 40% reduction in transverse nerve movement at the wrist on the most, compared to least, affected side and nerve areas were enlarged by 34%. Normal longitudinal sliding in the patients indicates that nerve strain is not increased and will not contribute to symptoms.

Adult↗
PubMed2001

The use of cross-correlation analysis between high-frequency ultrasound images to measure longitudinal median nerve movement.

Impaired nerve movement can lead to nerve injury (e.g., carpal tunnel syndrome). A noninvasive method to measure nerve movement in longitudinal section would enable an extensive analysis of nerve entrapment syndromes. A method has been developed using cross-correlation between successive high-frequency ultrasound (US) images to measure longitudinal movement of nerve and muscle. Control "phantom" experiments demonstrated the accuracy and reliability of this method at velocities of 1-10 mm/s. Increasing the frame interval between the compared frames enabled the accurate calculation of slower velocities. The correlation algorithm successfully measured relative movement when the US transducer was moved 1-3 mm over the surface of the forearm. Median nerve movement was repeatedly measured in the forearm during 30 degrees passive wrist extension in three subjects (range 2.63-4.12 mm) and index finger extension in seven subjects (range 1.59-4.48 mm). Median nerve movement values were consistent with those from cadaver studies.

Adult↗
PubMed2000

Assay of topically administered ibuprofen using a model of post-injury hypersensitivity. A randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled study.

OBJECTIVE: To develop a reliable assay for quantifying the analgesic efficacy of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) using a model that is accepted as a paradigm of clinical pain. SUBJECTS: Fifteen normal subjects, all of whom were volunteers from medical school staff, took part in the study. METHODS: Capsaicin (20 microl) in solution (0.03 mg/ml) was applied to the volar surface of the forearm, and the skin was maintained at a constant temperature using a thermal stimulator. The magnitude of the surrounding area of mechanical allodynia to a brush stimulus (i.e. a clinical correlate of tenderness to touch) was assessed. Under double-blind, placebo-controlled conditions, the test was repeated using skin previously treated with ibuprofen gel or placebo. RESULTS: A close linear relationship was observed between skin temperature over a range of 30 degrees C to 40 degrees C and the area of capsaicin-induced allodynia. Ibuprofen gel significantly reduced (P < 0.004) the area of touch-evoked allodynia at a constant skin temperature of 40 degrees C. CONCLUSIONS: The thermal-facilitated adaptation of the capsaicin model described in this study represents an inexpensive and reliable assay for the effects of topical formulations of NSAID upon mechanical sensitivity. As such, it is a potential alternative to many clinical studies in which inherent confounding and bias can preclude a meaningful conclusion.

Administration, Topical↗
PubMed1998

Increased capsaicin-induced secondary hyperalgesia as a marker of abnormal sensory activity in patients with fibromyalgia.

In this study, capsaicin-induced secondary hyperalgesia was assessed as a marker of abnormal nociceptive processing in patients with fibromyalgia (FM). The area of mechanical secondary hyperalgesia induced by a standard solution of capsaicin placed on the volar forearm was measured in ten patients with FM and the results compared to those obtained in ten patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and ten normal subjects. The area of secondary hyperalgesia was found to be substantially increased in both the FM and RA groups compared with controls. In the FM group the area of hyperalgesia correlated with the overall pain score and with the joint tenderness score. The results suggest that in FM there is enhanced sensitivity of nociceptive neurones at a spinal level, thereby supporting the concept of a generalised disturbance of pain modulation in this disorder.

Biomarkers↗
PubMed1998

Factors influencing the career choices of physicians trained at Yale-New Haven Hospital from 1929 through 1994.

PURPOSE: To examine factors that influenced, positively or negatively, the specialty career choices of physicians trained at Yale-New Haven Hospital (YNHH) from 1929 to 1994. METHOD: The authors sent questionnaires to 4,888 physicians who had trained or were training in YNHH-sponsored residency programs. The physicians rated 36 factors posited to be influenced in career choice on a seven-point Likert scale from very negative to very positive. The authors compared the means of each factor's ratings by decade of medical school graduation. RESULTS: The most positively rated influences were similar in each decade from the 1920s to the 1990s. These influences shared characteristics of intellectual curiosity ("intellectual content of the specialty" and "challenging diagnostic problems"), altruism ("interest in helping people" and "opportunity to make differences in people's lives"), and personal identity ("consistent with personality" and "possess the required skill or ability"). Negative factors, such as "demands on time and effort," "stress in the field," and "malpractice costs," were also consistently rated throughout the decades. CONCLUSION: The reasons that physicians choose certain specialty careers have not changed significantly over the past 65 years despite all the changes that have occurred in medicine. Physicians continue to seek professional opportunities that are viewed as intellectually challenging and of benefit to others.

Career Choice↗
PubMed1998

Rhenium-188(Sn)HEDP for treatment of osseous metastases.

UNLABELLED: Rhenium-188 (tin) hydroxyethylidine diphosphonate [188Re(Sn)HEDP] is a new radiopharmaceutical that localizes in skeletal metastases and emits beta particles that may be therapeutically beneficial. METHODS: It was evaluated by in vitro and in vivo testing in the laboratory, in animals and in humans using 188Re from a variety of sources. It may be produced by a desk-top method developed previously for 186Re(Sn)HEDP using 188Re produced through neutron irradiation of either enriched 187Re or naturally occurring rhenium targets or the use of a 188W/188Re generator. RESULTS: So long as the mass of rhenium in the 188Re-perrhenate to be processed into 188Re(Sn)HEDP is at least 100 microg, satisfactory radiochemical yields and purity may be obtained by all methods. The 188Re(Sn)HEDP has biodistribution and radiation dosimetry characteristics that are similar to those noted previously for 186Re(Sn)HEDP and appears to result in similar benefits and toxicities in patients with skeletal metastases. External radiation exposure monitoring indicates that, only 4 hr after a therapeutic administration of 1110 MBq (30 mCi) of 188Re(Sn)HEDP, average exposure rates at 1 meter from the patient would be only 0.5 mR/hr. CONCLUSION: Same-day, on-demand, outpatient therapy of disseminated skeletal metastases appears to be feasible with 188Re(Sn)HEDP.

Aged↗
PubMed1997

An uneasy peace.

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Cesarean Section↗
PubMed1996

Transporting.

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Ambulances↗
PubMed1993

Growth and body composition in children infected with the human immunodeficiency virus-1.

Anthropometric data were collected on 89 children born to human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected women (37 who seroreverted and 52 who were HIV-infected). The main outcomes included birth weight, gestational age, weight, height, arm muscle circumference (AMC), and triceps skinfold thickness (TSF). Gestational age and birth weight were not different between the two groups. The earliest anthropometric evaluation on seroreverted children (age 19 mo) when compared with HIV-infected children (age 21 mo) revealed that weight and weight-for-height percentiles were significantly different (51% vs 33% and 66% vs 48%, respectively). Height and TSF percentiles were not different, although AMC percentiles were lower in infected children (64% vs 43%). In follow-up evaluations, the weight differences between infected and control children did not change. We conclude that HIV does not affect birth weight, but postnatal events result in altered weight gain in HIV-infected children. Lean body mass is lower than in an HIV-negative comparison group at early stages of HIV infection.

Anthropometry↗
PubMed1990

Space-time interactions in childhood cancers.

STUDY OBJECTIVE: The aim of the study was to examine a cohort of cases of childhood cancer occurring in a defined geographical area to try to identify clustering and possible causative factors. DESIGN: Data were analysed using the close pair method developed by Knox for signs of clustering in relation to date and place of onset or date and place of birth. SETTING: Cases were those occurring in the 8 year period between 1953 and 1960 in four old counties of the Midlands of England (Worcestershire, Warwickshire, Staffordshire, Shropshire). CASES: 418 children under 10 years developed cancers during the study period: leukaemia 228, cerebral tumour 99, neuroblastoma 45, nephroblastoma 46. It is thought that data collection was complete. Cases were matched for region, sex and date of birth with live controls. RESULTS: There was evidence among some age groups and diagnoses of an unexpectedly high number of close pairs of onsets, and some indication of similar patterns among births of children who later developed cancer. The pre- and postnatal experiences of children involved in close pairs were examined to see whether they differed from those of control children. Measles appeared to occur more often in the 2-3 years before the onset of leukaemia in children who were later involved in close pairs than in their matched controls. CONCLUSIONS: Common infectious diseases of childhood may play a minor role in the development of some cancers. Epidemics of these diseases may then be reflected on a greatly reduced scale in the subsequent distribution of cancer cases.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1987

Linguistic stress judgments of language learning disabled students.

This study compared the ability of language learning disabled children and sex/age matched normals to judge the correctness of linguistic stress. Subjects were presented with prerecorded pairs of question-answer trials. In one series they were asked to judge the appropriateness of linguistic stress for each pair. In a second series, they judged semantic appropriateness of the pairs in order to provide a linguistic point of reference for their understanding of the questions. An analysis of variance indicated that the linguistic stress task was more difficult than the semantic interpretation task (p less than .001) and that normal children performed significantly better than LD children on both tasks (p less than .05). Discussion of the data includes interpretation from both perceptual deficit and symbolic deficit perspectives.

Child↗