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Biomedical subjects

V Melichar

Publications and source records attributed to V Melichar.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1977

The effect of prenatal fructose infusions upon metabolic condition of the newborn.

Changes of total blood sugars, glucose, fructose, lactate, pyruvate, acid-base balance and free fatty acids were followed in 15 healthy newborns whose mothers received fructose infusions during labour. The results were compared with 20 control newborns and with 10 newborns after prenatal glucose infusions. The levels of total blood sugars during 24 h after infusions remained higher after fructose than in 2 other groups. The values of lactate and pyruvate increased, but the lactate/pyruvate ratio remained unchanged. The free fatty acids were lower than in the control group. Results show that fructose is not a suitable source of energy for the human fetus even under normal conditions.

Acid-Base Equilibrium↗
PubMed1977

[Parenteral nutrition and nitrogen balances in low birth weight newborns in the adaptation period (author's transl)].

Nitrogen balance studies were performed in the course of parenteral nutrition in the first 5 days of life in three groups of low birth weight newborns (I. group = 12 premature, 27.--30. gestational week, b. w. M = 1298 g, II. group = a) 7 prematures, 27.--31.g.w.,b.w.M = 1295 g,b) 5 small for date prematures, 29.--32.g.w.,b.w.M = 1208 g, III. group = 10 prematures, 31.--36.g.w.,b.w. M = 1751 g). Losses of nitrogen via urine in extreme prematures during the adaptation period are higher than in full term or moderate prematures. Increased volume of parenteral nutrition (glucose, fat emulsion) and increased caloric quotient did not produce a significant restriction of N-losses via urine. No difference was found in N-losses between extreme prematures and small for date prematures of similar birth weight/group IIa): IIb)/. Aminoacids (cca 500 mg N/kg body weight/24 hrs) given on the second day of life were well retained; increased losses of N represented about 20% of N infused.

Amino Acids↗
PubMed1977

[Absorption and metabolism of glycerin in the neonatal period. I. Speed of turnover of glycerin during continuous intravenous infusions in newborn infants of various gestational ages and in older infants].

Glycerol was infused intravenously over 2 hours in preterm and term appropriate-for-date and in term small-for-date infants at the age of 12 to 72 hours and 10 to 14 days and in infants at the age of 3 to 8 months. The dosage was 0.25.kg-1.h-1 and 0.5.kg-1.h-1, respectively. Less than 6 per cent of the glycerol injused were recovered in the urine irrespective of the dosage. The total clearance was 9.1 to 14.6 ml.kg-1. min-1 during the first weeks of life with 0.25 g.kg-1.h-1 glycerol irrespective of gestational age and intra-uterine growth retardation; and it rose to 31.8 ml.kg-1.min-1 in older infants. With 0.5.kg-1.h-1 glycerol the total clearance values were lower in all groups. The glucose blood level and the blood lactate concentration as well as the parameters of the acid-base-balance were not significantly influenced by glycerol.

Acid-Base Equilibrium↗
PubMed1976

Glycerokinase in brain and liver of low birth weight newborns.

Glycerokinase activity was measured in brain and liver tissue of decreased low birth weight newborns. No glycerokinase activity was found in the brain. In the liver a relatively high activity of glycerokinase was ascertained even in very immature newborns.

Birth Weight↗
PubMed1975

Effect of human chorionic gonadotropin on blood free fatty acids, glucose and on the release of free fatty acids from subcutaneous adipose tissue in various groups of newborn and adults.

After administration of human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG; 500 IU/kg intramuscularly), the blood concentration of free fatty acids increases within 30 min in 1-day-old full-term, premature and small-for-data newborns. This effect does not appear in 1-day-old newborns of diabetic mothers with insulin-dependent diabetes, in 7-day-old newborns nor in adults. Glucose concentration rises in all groups of newborns, and no effect is observed in adults. In the in vitro study, HCG increases lipolysis in newborns' adipose tissue. This effect was not observed in adults.

Adipose Tissue↗
PubMed1975

Activity of some enzymes of carbohydrate metabolism in human subcutaneous adipose tissue in newborns, infants and adults. I. Activity of pyruvate kinase, lactate dehydrogenase, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase and phosphogluconate dehydrogenase.

The activity of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, phosphogluconate dehydrogenase, pyruvate kinase (PK) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) was measured in human adipose tissue (AT) of newborns aged 0-2 and 2-48 h, of 3- to 5-month-old infants and of adults. AT was sampled by means of a special needle from the gluteal region without anesthesia. We observed significantly higher activity of the two pentose phosphate shunt enzymes when calculated on protein content and wet weight basis in newborns as compared to infants and adults. There were no differences for PK and LDH between newborns and adults when the values were calculated for the soluble protein. The protein concentration of the AT decreased significantly during the development.

Adipose Tissue↗
PubMed1975

[Fat-emulsions and acid-base balance in neonates of low weight at birth (author's transl)].

The influence of a single intravenous infusion of triglycerides (1 g triglyceride per kg body weight) on the acid base equilibrium was investigated in 16 newborn infants with low birth weight during the first days of age. No changes of pH, PCO2 and standard bicarbonate, base excess, buffer base and actuelle bicarbonate, respectively, were observed. Fat emulsions can be used, therefore, without hazards in the parenteral feeding of newborn infants.

Acid-Base Equilibrium↗