Biomedical subjects
Publications and source records attributed to V Meininger.
The authors studied 13 new cases of fistulae of the dura mater. With reference to these 13 cases, and to the literature, they propose a classification according to the type of drainage of the fistula: direct, into a dura mater lake, into a cortical vein. This clasification enables a better clinical and radiological approach to these anomalies.
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Motor disorders reported in the present paper do not result from cortical ablations stricto sensu since some white matter was excised in every patient. However they appear to suggest that, as suggested by Walshe (1935), the central region and premotor area are a functional entity, i.e. they work as a whole. The extensive lesions of the premotor area, leaving untouched the motor region, have the same motor and tonic consequences as lesions limited to the central region. This point which appears specific for man does not imply that the premotor region subserves activities similar to those subserved by the central region. Rather it may suggest a deafferentiation of the central region, the consequences of which would be more important than is generally assumed. Extensive central or premotor lesions determine various tonic disorders: a well known spasticity, with exaggeration of the stretch reflex, associated with an increase in passive swinging of segments of limbs and in extensibility of joints. These two latter phenomena are usually defined as hypotonia. With premotor and precentral lesions the hypotonia disappears and a hemiplegic posture is observed. This hemiplegic posture is a dystonia which apparently does not result directly from the exaggeration of the stretch reflex. Anatomically it appears to result from lesions of both central and premotor regions. This is in agreement with Denny-Brown's (1966) contention that an extrapyramidal region lies rostral to the prerolandic sulcus. As suggested by Evarts (1973) motor regions appear to control automatic as well as voluntary movements. They probably play a role in the trophic function of muscle, since, despite rehabilitation, amyotrophy was present in every case reported in the present paper.
Within the framework of an early drug access programme launched in 1995, a multicentre open study was initiated in France in order to assess, inter alia, the safety of riluzole (50 mg twice a day) in a total of 2069 patients from 28 centres. This programme, a phase IIIb study with direct individual benefit, had two main objectives: to enable patients to receive riluzole therapy pending regulatory approval and commercial availability and to provide further data on the safety of riluzole in a broader ALS population. The most frequent adverse events related to riluzole treatment were: asthenia, nausea and elevation of serum transaminase levels. These observations, similar to data derived from previous pivotal clinical trials, confirm that riluzole has a satisfactory tolerability profile.
Electron microscopy of the velamentous astrocyte in the cat inferior colliculus was performed on serial semi-thin and ultra-thin Golgi preparations. The glial origin of the velum has been considered and its topographical relationships with the other structures of the neuropile have been described.
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