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Biomedical subjects

V McDonald

Publications and source records attributed to V McDonald.

84 records · Page 5Linked to original sources
PubMed1980

Lack of correlation between delayed-type hypersensitivity and host resistance to Plasmodium chabaudi infection.

C57B1/6J mice immunized with Plasmodium chabaudi antigen plus saponin exhibited strong delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) reactions to footpad injections of P. chabaudi antigen. However, when immunized mice were challenged with P. chabaudi parasites, DTH was significantly depressed after 3 days of infection. This DTH depression coincided with a steep rise in the titre of malarial antibody in these immunized challenged mice when compared to unchallenged immunized mice. Serum from mice recovering from P. chabaudi infection depressed DTH levels of immunized mice significantly, but spleen cells from convalescent mice only slightly reduced the DTH levels. These results are discussed with respect to the role of cell-mediated immunity in malaria infections.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

Plasmodium chabaudi in mice. Adoptive transfer of immunity with enriched populations of spleen T and B lymphocytes.

Thymectomized NIH and C57BL mice were more susceptible to Plasmodium chabaudi than controls, indicating a role for T cells in acquired immunity to the parasite. Enriched populations of T and B cells were prepared from the spleens of immune mice using nylon-wool columns, and were adoptively transferred to syngeneic non-irradiated mice or mice irradiated with 600 or 800 rad. Some immunity could usually be transferred with immune T, B and glass-wool (g.w.) filtered spleen cell populations. In the heavily irradiated mice g.w. filtered immune spleen cells gave the best protection and the immune T cells the least. Preliminary attempts to show synergistic activity between immune T and B cells in irradiated mice were not successful.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Percutaneous interventions in adults receiving pediatric "en bloc" double renal grafts.

PURPOSE: To present technical adaptations of percutaneous interventional techniques required for the small size vessels and ureters of "en bloc" transplanted pediatric kidneys. METHODS: Over a 4-year period, 12 adult patients received en bloc pediatric double renal transplants. Small system percutaneous interventional techniques were used in seven patients to approach the infantile renal arteries and urinary collecting systems for 11 percutaneous transluminal renal angioplasties, 4 antegrade pyelograms, and 3 nephrostomies. RESULTS: Prior to intervention, these patients averaged a creatinine of 2.5 mg%, which decreased to 1.4 mg% at 46 months (range, 22-68) following the first intervention. With a mean follow-up of 42 months (range, 5-47), 9 of 12 (75%) transplants are functioning with an average serum creatinine of 1.3 mg%. CONCLUSION: With the assistance of percutaneous management of postoperative arterial and ureteral lesions, the prognosis of en bloc renal grafts can approach that of the standard adult renal allograft.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Iatrogenic femoral arteriovenous fistula.

Twelve iatrogenic femoral arteriovenous fistulas are reported, 11 of which arose from the superficial or deep femoral arteries. All but two occurred in association with cardiac angiographic procedures. It appears that the femoral crease was used as a landmark to establish the cutaneous entry point for vascular puncture and resulted in an excessively distal puncture site. The femoral crease is an unreliable landmark in many patients. This complication may be minimized by using physical examination to identify the level of the inguinal ligament or fluoroscopy to localize the distal half of the femoral head.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Comparison of the phosphofructokinase and pyruvate kinase activities of Cryptosporidium parvum, Eimeria tenella and Toxoplasma gondii.

Oocysts of Cryptosporidium parvum were shown to contain a pyrophosphate-dependent phosphofructokinase (PPi-PFK) similar to those previously described for Eimeria tenella and Toxoplasma gondii. PPi-PFK of C. parvum displayed simple hyperbolic kinetics with respect to its substrate fructose 6-phosphate and was not affected by fructose 2,6-bisphosphate, the major allosteric activator of most ATP-PFKs. Inorganic pyrophosphatase was not detectable in any of the three parasites. T. gondii tachyzoites and C. parvum cysts both contained a pyruvate kinase (PK) specific for ADP rather than PPi/AMP. The PK of T. gondii was similar to that of E. tenella in that it displayed strong positive cooperativity with respect to its substrate phosphoenolpyruvate and was heterotropically activated by glucose 6-phosphate, fructose 6-phosphate and fructose 1,6-bisphosphate. PK of C. parvum showed no evidence of allosteric properties. The results suggest that the three coccidia are similar in depending heavily on anaerobic energy production via glycolysis but that the mechanisms for regulating glycolysis are not common to all species.

Anaerobiosis↗
PubMedDate not supplied

A method for diagnosis of microsporidiosis adapted for use in developing countries.

Microsporidiosis in AIDS patients has emerged as an important cause of morbidity, but diagnosis requires special stains, equipment and expertise. Here we describe a modification to an existing staining technique to allow more rapid preparation, without additional equipment, facilitating research in the tropics into these important pathogens.

Azo Compounds↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Genetic counselling: information given, recall and satisfaction.

The aims of this study are to categorise the key points given in genetic counselling, assess the amount and type of information recalled, and examine the relationships between counsellees' knowledge, satisfaction with information received, the meeting of expectations, concern and anxiety. Because of the variety of consultations, a knowledge questionnaire of the key points was constructed for each individual counsellee, with acceptable inter-rater reliability. The information items judged to be the key points in the consultations were assigned to 13 different content categories. Thirty-two counsellees were sent a questionnaire assessing knowledge and other outcomes two to four weeks after attending a genetic counselling consultation. The mean percentage of key points recalled correctly was 76% (s.d. 17%) with 100% recall for family issues and 68-78% recall for genetic or medical information. Knowledge was not associated with satisfaction with information received nor with level of concern or anxiety following genetic counselling. These results suggest the importance of assessing multiple outcomes of genetic counselling.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Megestrol acetate vs cyproheptadine in the treatment of weight loss associated with HIV infection.

Two appetite stimulants, megestrol acetate and cyproheptadine were administered in a randomized trial to 14 patients who had no evidence of opportunistic infection or malabsorption but were wasted (had lost more than 5 kg body weight) as a result of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. Energy intakes were calculated from a 7 day weighed dietary record. Mean energy intakes per kilogramme body weight were similar in both treatment groups (greater than 34 kcal/kg) and were higher than that in well British males. Energy intakes increased by just over 500 kcal during both treatments, but fell to pretreatment levels after therapy. Patients in both treatment groups gained a moderate amount of weight. Megestrol acetate was associated with impotence in 4 patients. Insufficient calorie intake alone is not a common cause of wasting associated with HIV and the role of appetite stimulants is likely to be limited.

Appetite↗